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Chapter 4 - Energy and Health

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 September 2012

Global Energy Assessment Writing Team
By
Kirk R. Smith ,
Kalpana Balakrishnan ,
Colin Butler ,
Zoë Chafe ,
Ian Fairlie ,
Patrick Kinney ,
Tord Kjellstrom ,
Denise L. Mauzerall ,
Thomas McKone  and
Anthony McMichael
...Show all authors
Kirk R. Smith
Affiliation:
University of California
Kalpana Balakrishnan
Affiliation:
Sri Ramachandra University
Colin Butler
Affiliation:
Australian National University
Zoë Chafe
Affiliation:
University of California
Ian Fairlie
Affiliation:
Consultant on Radiation in the Environment
Patrick Kinney
Affiliation:
Columbia University
Tord Kjellstrom
Affiliation:
Umea University
Denise L. Mauzerall
Affiliation:
Princeton University
Thomas McKone
Affiliation:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Anthony McMichael
Affiliation:
Australian National University
Mycle Schneider
Affiliation:
Consultant on Energy and Nuclear Policy
Paul Wilkinson
Affiliation:
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine
Jill Jäger
Affiliation:
Sustainable Europe Research Institute
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Summary

Executive Summary

Despite providing significant benefits for human health, energy systems also negatively affect global health in major ways today, causing directly perhaps as many as five million premature deaths annually and more than 5% of all illhealth (measured as lost healthy life years). Air pollution from incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass fuels is by far the single major reason that energy systems negatively affect global health, although ash, sulfur, mercury, and other contaminants in fossil fuels also play a role. Effects on workers in energy industries are the second biggest health impact globally.

The largest exposures to energy-related air pollution occur in and around households, particularly in developing countries where unprocessed biomass (wood and agricultural wastes) and coal are used for cooking and heating in simple appliances.

This chapter does not focus on differences in impacts among alternative energy systems that have minor impacts on global health; rather, the focus is on the most significant impacts of energy systems on health. The important positive impacts of energy systems on health are mostly addressed in Chapter 2.

Given the importance of avoiding climate change, there is secondary focus on the ways that mitigating climate change through changes in energy systems might achieve important health improvements: co-benefits.

Unless major policy interventions are introduced, energy systems are expected to continue contributing significantly to the global burden of disease for years to come.

Type
Chapter
Information
Global Energy Assessment
Toward a Sustainable Future
 , pp. 255 - 324
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2012

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