There is no simple solution or resolution that can be offered by way of a conclusion to a book about the theory and practice of global ethics. As we have seen, the global challenges that are facing the contemporary world are many and various, and can seem so immense that it can be hard to see a way forwards; for instance, the challenge of “solving” the problems of poverty or climate change can seem overwhelming. However, it is hoped this book has given you some ideas about ways that the problems can be tackled and arguments to support such changes. By this point you should have developed your own approach, know your way around your ethical toolbox and have some confidence in approaching the dilemmas of global ethics. Whatever approach you have adopted, you should now be ready to put it into practice and contribute to making a more just world; or, if you are thoroughly sceptical about change for the better, you should at least be able to support this (controversial) position.

You will, it is also hoped, be aware of just how interconnected global-ethics issues are. For example, ill health makes it more difficult to work or travel, thus making poverty more likely. Poverty then creates opportunities for exploitation and makes the poor vulnerable: willing to be trafficked, say, or to sell their organs. Climate change exacerbates poverty and migration, which in turn put pressure on resources, which then exacerbates climate change.