The environment, resources, and human societies will all change—but at different rates and frequencies and gradually or in sudden shifts. Human societies will fare well if they embrace and try to direct it, rather than deny and resist it. Scientific and technical knowledge help prepare for the changes. Successful transitions to changes will necessitate cooperative attitudes and communication infrastructures among people, based on the realization that there is now and can be sufficient resources if we share. Smaller, diffuse, leapfrog technologies will probably be most effective. New social drivers in rural and urban areas can emerge based on skilled scientific and technical management using small, precise methods and machinery. Each environmental and resource system will need to be addressed differently—some preserved and others adjusted slightly or dramatically. We can already identify probable changes and key issues of concern for each environmental factor and resource. Like all predictions, these are imperfect, but can enable us to avoid being overwhelmed by unexpected events. Instead, we can proactively anticipate changes, prepare, and seek to use them to our advantage.