At the right, not far from the entrance, stood the wide-open door to the cell, within which people pressed together. They walked not on the ground, but over piles of clothes, linen, crockery, shoes, rags, every once in a while stopping to grab at something, which they pulled out from the heap. And then above the undifferentiated groans, wails, and quiet weeping, a scream would rise, break into the hallway and the prison yard, and sail up to the sky, calling on our great and distant God for help or revenge.

Translated from V. Mars′ka [Mariia Strutyns′ka], Buria nad L′vovom, 2nd ed. (Philadelphia: Kyïv, 1952), 210

L′VIV

‘Testimony of Bohdan Kolzaniwsky, through the interpreter, Roman Olesnicki,’ in United States Congress, House Select Committee on Communist Aggression, Investigation of Communist Takeover and Occupation of the Non-Russian Nations of the U.S.S.R. (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1954), 110-14.1

Mr. FEIGHAN. Will you stand, please? What is your name?

Mr. KOLZANIWSKY. Bohdan Kolzaniwsky.

Mr. FEIGHAN. Will you hold up your hand and take the oath? Do you solemnly swear to tell the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you God?

Mr. KOLZANIWSKY. I do, yes.

Mr. FEIGHAN. Please be seated. Mr. Counsel, you may proceed.

Mr. McTIGUE. For the record, your full name is Bohdan Kolzaniwsky, and you live in Philadelphia, Pa.; is that right?

Mr. KOLZANIWSKY. Yes.

Mr. McTIGUE. Where do you reside in Philadelphia?

Mr. KOLZANIWSKY. 825 24th Street.

Mr. McTIGUE. In what capacity are you employed?

Mr. KOLZANIWSKY. In a leather factory in Philadelphia. The name is the Swoboda Co.

Mr. McTIGUE. Where were you born, Mr. Kolzaniwsky?

Mr. KOLZANIWSKY. Born February 3, 1916, in Nywytsia, in Ukraine.

Mr. McTIGUE. Can you tell us, Mr. Witness, very briefly some of the things that happened to you when the Bolsheviks occupied the western portions of Ukraine?

Mr. KOLZANIWSKY. Yes. In 1939 I was on that side of the Bug River which was occupied by the Germans. The organization of the Ukrainian Nationalists at that time was recruiting people for military units which were supposed to go and fight on the other side of the river against the Communists.