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33 - Suicide/undetermined by jumping

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 April 2023

Mary Shaw
Affiliation:
University of Bristol
Bethan Thomas
Affiliation:
University of Sheffield
George Davey Smith
Affiliation:
University of Bristol
Daniel Dorling
Affiliation:
University of Sheffield
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Summary

This is a sub-category of deaths due to suicide and includes all intentional and undetermined deaths by jumping from a high (enough) place.

In just under half of these cases it was undetermined whether the person jumping or falling meant to die.

The highest SMRs for both males and females are found in Edinburgh and Glasgow, followed by London. Both Eastbourne (between Brighton and Hastings, and the nearest town to Beachy Head) and Bristol also have higher rates, the latter particularly for females. While individual deaths are coded according to place of residence and not place of death, the presence of a well-known suicide spot will increase the suicide rate in an area.

Jumping from a high place, such as a building, bridge or cliff, often causes death due to the high impact which causes internal bleeding. The further the drop, the more likely someone is to incur fatal injuries. The 68.6m (225 ft) plunge from the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco has proven to be fatal in 98% of cases.

As a suicide method, jumping is relatively rare, although because jumping has a high fatality rate it produces dramatic deaths that are traumatic for witnesses. Often the same place that other people have jumped from is used. These deaths almost always occur in public places and often attract media attention.

In the UK, notorious suicide hotspots are Beachy Head cliffs in Sussex and the Clifton Suspension Bridge in Bristol. Safety barriers at such sites have been found to be an effective way of reducing the number of suicides at each location.

Defenestration is the act of throwing someone or something out of a window; defenestration is often murder which the perpetrator attempts to pass off as a suicide jump.

Type
Chapter
Information
The Grim Reaper's Road Map
An Atlas of Mortality in Britain
, pp. 68 - 69
Publisher: Bristol University Press
Print publication year: 2008

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