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Characterizing subnormally closed formations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 August 2013

M C Hofmann
Affiliation:
Skidmore College
C. M. Campbell
Affiliation:
University of St Andrews, Scotland
E. F. Robertson
Affiliation:
University of St Andrews, Scotland
N. Ruskuc
Affiliation:
University of St Andrews, Scotland
G. C. Smith
Affiliation:
University of Bath
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Summary

Introduction

All groups considered in this paper are finite.

In Zur Theorie der endlichen aüflosbaren Gruppen [10] Gaschütz defined a formation as a class of groups ℱwith the following properties:

1) every homomorphic image of an ℱ–group is an ℱ–group.

2) If G/M and G/N are ℱ-groups then G/MN is an ℱ-group.

In [10] a formation ℱ is said to be saturated if the group G belongs to ℱ whenever G/Φ(G) is in ℱ. In the universe of finite solvable groups the definition of a saturated formation provided a context in which to study extensions of the properties of Carter subgroups to classes other than the nilpotent groups. The importance of saturated formations and their relationship to ℱ -covering subgroups is well known. Zur Theorie der endlichen auflösbaren Gruppen also provided the spur for other developments in finite group theory. In [10] Gaschütz proved that if ℱ is a saturated formation that contains the nilpotent groups, then ℱ has the following property:

For HG, if H/H ∩ Φ(G) belongs to ℱ then H belongs to ℱ.

Note that any formation ℱ that has the property (*) must necessarily be saturated and contain all groups of prime order.

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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 1999

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