Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Preface
- Foreword
- Part I Introduction
- 1 Physiological regulators of growth hormone secretion
- 2 Insulin-like growth factors (IGF) and IGF-binding proteins: their use for diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency
- 3 Growth hormone and IGF-I effects on in vivo substrate metabolism in humans
- 4 Determination of growth hormone (GH) and GH binding proteins in serum
- Part II Diagnostic and Clinical aspects
- Part III Growth hormone replacement therapy in adults with growth hormone deficiency
- Part IV Growth hormone, growth-hormone releasing peptides and ageing
- Index
3 - Growth hormone and IGF-I effects on in vivo substrate metabolism in humans
from Part I - Introduction
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 08 January 2010
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Preface
- Foreword
- Part I Introduction
- 1 Physiological regulators of growth hormone secretion
- 2 Insulin-like growth factors (IGF) and IGF-binding proteins: their use for diagnosis of growth hormone deficiency
- 3 Growth hormone and IGF-I effects on in vivo substrate metabolism in humans
- 4 Determination of growth hormone (GH) and GH binding proteins in serum
- Part II Diagnostic and Clinical aspects
- Part III Growth hormone replacement therapy in adults with growth hormone deficiency
- Part IV Growth hormone, growth-hormone releasing peptides and ageing
- Index
Summary
Introduction
In the 1920s and 1930s the landmark work of Bernardo Houssay established that extracts from the pituitary gland had profound effects on glucose metabolism. These studies showed that removal of the pituitary gland increased the sensitivity to insulin in normal animals and diminished the intensity of diabetes in depancreatized animals, and that administration of pituitary extracts decreased insulin sensitivity and could lead to diabetes (Houssay, 1936; Young, 1940). At the same time it was observed that anterior lobe extracts are ketogenic and growth promoting and recognized that these actions were caused by distinct hormones (Shipley & Long, 1938). The notion that the diabetogenic, ketogenic and growth promoting effects of secretion from the pituitary were caused by a single hormone was first advanced by Shipley & Long (1938). Following on from the purification of human growth hormone (GH), a number of important studies showed that exposure to large amounts of pituitary extracts of GH in normal, GH-deficient and diabetic human volunteers stimulated lipolysis, which led to hyperglycaemia (Beck et al., 1957; Ikkos et al., 1958b; Raben and Hollenberg, 1959; Henneman & Henneman, 1960). It was also reported that GH, when perfused locally through the brachial artery, consistently caused acute inhibition of muscle glucose uptake in the forearm in normal subjects (Zierler & Rabinowitz, 1963; Rabinowitz, Klassen & Zierler, 1965; Fineberg & Merimee, 1974). The next major break-through was the identification of insulin-like growth factors(IGFs) and the subsequent moulding of the concept that GH regulated IGF-I synthesis accounts for a large proportion of the anabolic impact of GH (Froesch et al., 1996).
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Growth Hormone in AdultsPhysiological and Clinical Aspects, pp. 87 - 103Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2000