Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Dedication
- Contents
- List of Maps
- Preface and Acknowledgements
- Notes for the Reader
- Family Tree 1 Hannibal
- Family Tree 2 Scipio
- Timeline
- List of Abbreviations
- Prologue
- 1 Hannibal and Scipio on Themselves
- 2 Origins: Hannibal: 247–221, Birth to Aged 26 Years, Scipio: 235–218, Birth to Aged 17 Years
- 3 Hannibal Victorious, 221–216: Aged 26–31 Years
- 4 Scipio 216–205: Aged 19–30 Years
- 5 Hannibal Frustrated in Italy, 216–208: Aged 31–39
- 6 Overseas Commands: Freedoms and Perils
- 7 Politics and Factions at Carthage and Rome
- 8 The Tipping Point: The Battle at the Metaurus or Sena, 207, Hannibal Aged 40
- 9 Hannibal and Scipio Meet and Fight at Last: Zama, 202, Aged 45 and 33
- 10 The Religion of Hannibal and Scipio
- 11 Scipio Triumphant, 202–193: Aged 33–42
- 12 Hannibal as Political Reformer at Carthage, 196: Aged 51
- 13 Hannibal, Scipio, and the Greek World
- 14 Hannibal Flees to Antiochus III; His Intrigues; 195–193: Aged 52–54
- 15 Hannibal and Scipio as Military Advisers in the Late 190s: The Road to Magnesia, 190: Aged 57 and 45
- 16 Hannibal and Scipio: The Military Comparison
- 17 Hannibal’s Years of Wandering, 190–183: Aged 57–64
- 18 The Downfall and Death of Scipio, 187–183: Aged 48–52
- 19 Afterlives
- 20 Conclusion: Parallel Lives
- References
- Index
10 - The Religion of Hannibal and Scipio
Published online by Cambridge University Press: aN Invalid Date NaN
- Frontmatter
- Dedication
- Contents
- List of Maps
- Preface and Acknowledgements
- Notes for the Reader
- Family Tree 1 Hannibal
- Family Tree 2 Scipio
- Timeline
- List of Abbreviations
- Prologue
- 1 Hannibal and Scipio on Themselves
- 2 Origins: Hannibal: 247–221, Birth to Aged 26 Years, Scipio: 235–218, Birth to Aged 17 Years
- 3 Hannibal Victorious, 221–216: Aged 26–31 Years
- 4 Scipio 216–205: Aged 19–30 Years
- 5 Hannibal Frustrated in Italy, 216–208: Aged 31–39
- 6 Overseas Commands: Freedoms and Perils
- 7 Politics and Factions at Carthage and Rome
- 8 The Tipping Point: The Battle at the Metaurus or Sena, 207, Hannibal Aged 40
- 9 Hannibal and Scipio Meet and Fight at Last: Zama, 202, Aged 45 and 33
- 10 The Religion of Hannibal and Scipio
- 11 Scipio Triumphant, 202–193: Aged 33–42
- 12 Hannibal as Political Reformer at Carthage, 196: Aged 51
- 13 Hannibal, Scipio, and the Greek World
- 14 Hannibal Flees to Antiochus III; His Intrigues; 195–193: Aged 52–54
- 15 Hannibal and Scipio as Military Advisers in the Late 190s: The Road to Magnesia, 190: Aged 57 and 45
- 16 Hannibal and Scipio: The Military Comparison
- 17 Hannibal’s Years of Wandering, 190–183: Aged 57–64
- 18 The Downfall and Death of Scipio, 187–183: Aged 48–52
- 19 Afterlives
- 20 Conclusion: Parallel Lives
- References
- Index
Summary
Livy not Polybius is the main source for Roman religion; Carthaginian is less easily grasped. Literary traditions represented Hannibal as an impious perjuror, whereas Scipio enjoyed divine help (Neptune) and privileged access (Jupiter). Neither picture is true. Both made youthful vows, Hannibal never to befriend Rome, Scipio (after Cannae) to continue the fight. Neither was regularly accompanied by seers on campaign; Hannibal was his own diviner and personally executed one violent animal sacrifice. He buried defeated enemy commanders respectfully, unlike Nero after Metaurus. Scipio, unlike Hannibal, took impious advantage of a truce. Hannibal was a priest only in the sense that ancient generals conducted campaign rituals. Scipio had been a Salian priest of Mars for many years (special dress, ceremonies, obligations). There was a Hannibalic legend (advice or warnings in dreams from Jupiter and Juno) as well as the famous Scipionic legend (supernatural snake-birth and Neptune’s help at New Carthage).
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- Hannibal and ScipioParallel Lives, pp. 222 - 243Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2024