By 1089 the Gregorian party in the German episcopate had greatly diminished. The chronicler Bernold of St Blasien recorded that only the bishops of Würzburg, Passau, Worms, Constance and Metz ‘remained steadfast in the catholic communion’. Of these only Gebhard III of Constance resided in his own diocese: his Gregorian colleagues had seen their bishoprics usurped by imperial anti-bishops. Gebhard, whom the new pope Urban II named as his permanent legate in Germany (18 April 1089), proved an energetic leader of the Gregorian party and an uncompromising opponent of the emperor for the remaining years of the reign. Elsewhere in the kingdom the episcopate solidly supported the emperor. Henry's episcopal appointments were intended to perpetuate this loyalty. The best documented of the new appointments of 1089 is that of Archbishop Herman III (‘the Rich’) of Cologne (invested on 25 July). A member of the family of the counts of Hochstaden, he was the kinsman of two of his colleagues, Hartwig of Magdeburg and John I of Speyer. He had served since 1085 as the chancellor of the German kingdom. Like his predecessor, Sigewin, he had been educated in the household of Anno of Cologne and like Sigewin's predecessor, Hildolf, he was a canon of Cologne cathedral, his close connection with the church of Cologne making him acceptable to the chapter.