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  • Cited by 80
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
January 2010
Print publication year:
2009
Online ISBN:
9780511605420

Book description

In this path-breaking and multi-layered account of one of the least explored societies in the Middle East, Nelida Fuccaro examines the political and social life of the Gulf city and its coastline, as exemplified by Manama in Bahrain. Written as an ethnography of space, politics and community, it addresses the changing relationship between urban development, politics and society before and after the discovery of oil. By using a variety of local sources and oral histories, Fuccaro questions the role played by the British Empire and oil in state-making. Instead, she draws attention to urban residents, elites and institutions as active participants in state and nation building. She also examines how the city has continued to provide a source of political, social and sectarian identity since the early nineteenth century, challenging the view that the advent of oil and modernity represented a radical break in the urban past of the region.

Reviews

'This book on the modern history of one of the major port cities in the Persian Gulf is a major achievement and represents a milestone in the field. … The book is very rich in detail.'

Source: Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies

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Contents

Bibliography
ARCHIVAL SOURCES
GREAT BRITAIN
Arab World Documentation Unit, University of Exeter
Belgrave, Charles D., Personal Diaries, 1926–57
BAHRAIN
Private collections
,Bushehri Archive, Manama British Native Agency Records, 1833–1900 Minutes of General Merchants' Association (since 1945 Bahrain Chamber of Commerce), 1939–47 Firdawsi Club, 1946–60 Ma'tam al-‘Ajam al-Kabir and Persian School, 1913–57 Photographs and Miscellaneous, 1907–68 Typescripts, 1990–2006
,Hamza Archive, Manama Miscellaneous, 1913–65
Government collections
,Bahrain National Museum, Manama Miscellaneous, Archives of the Municipality of Manama, 1938–63
Directorate of Legal Affairs (Da'irah al Shu'un al-Qanuniyyah), Manama al-Jaridah al-Rasmiyyah (The Government Gazette), n.s. 1–38, 1948–51
,Historical Documentation Centre (Markaz al-Watha'iq al-Tarikhiyyah), Rifa‘ American Board of Foreign Missions Correspondence, 1893–1912 Miscellaneous
,Land Registration Department (Idarah al-Tabu), Ministry of Justice and Islamic Affairs, Manama Real Estate Registration Files, n. 1 to n. 230 (my numbering), 1925–40
,Ministry of Housing and Municipalities (Wizarah al-Iskan wa al-Baladiyyat), Manama Aerial Photos of Bahrain, 1951
COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS AND OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS
BRITISH GOVERNMENT
The Affairs of Arabia, 1905–1906, ed. by Bidwell, Robin, 2 vols. (London: Cass, 1971)
Arab Gulf Cities, ed. by Trench, Richard, 4 vols. (Slough: Archive Editions, 1996)
Arabian Gulf Intelligence: Selections from the Records of the Bombay Government, new series, no. XXIV, 1856, ed. by Thomas, R. Hughes (Cambridge: Oleander Press, 1985)
The Arabian Mission: Field Reports, Quarterly Letters, Neglected Arabia, Arabia Calling, 8 vols. (Gerrards Cross: Archive Editions, 1993)
The Bahrain Government Annual Reports, 1924–1970, 8 vols. (Gerrards Cross: Archive Editions, 1986)
The Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Oman and Central Arabia, by Lorimer, John George, 2 vols. (Calcutta: Office of the Superintendent Government Printing, 1908; repub. by Gregg International, Farnborough, 1970)
The Gulf Pilot by Constable, C. G. and Stiff, A. W. (London: Hydrographic Office, 1864)
Historic Maps of Bahrain, 1817–1970, ed. by Jarman, Robert L., 3 vols. (Gerrards Cross: Archive Editions, 1996)
The Persian Gulf Administration Reports 1873–1949, 10 vols. (Gerrards Cross: Archive Editions, 1986)
The Persian Gulf Précis, 1903–1908, by Saldanha, Jerome Anthony, 8 vols. (Gerrards Cross: Archive Editions, 1986)
Persian Gulf and Red Sea Naval Reports, 1820–1960, ed. by Burdett, Anita, 15 vols. (Slough: Archive Editions, 1993)
Political Diaries of the Persian Gulf, 1904–1958, 20 vols. (Farnham Common: Archive Editions, 1990)
Records of Bahrain: Primary Documents, 1820–1960, 8 vols. (Slough: Archive Editions, 1993)
BAHRAINI GOVERNMENT
Bahrain Census of Population and Housing – 1981: Trends and Prospects (Directorate of Statistics, State of Bahrain, c. 1981)
al-Bahrayn bayna al-madhi wa al-hadhir/Bahrain Past and Present (Ministry of Housing, Municipalities and Environment, State of Bahrain, c. 1996)
Development of Bahrain Villages, 1958–1969 (Rural Affairs Department, State of Bahrain, [n.d])
The Fourth Population Census of Bahrain: A Brief Analytical and Comparative Study (Finance Department, Statistical Bureau, State of Bahrain, August 1969)
al-Ihya' al-iskaniyyah/Housing Neighbourhoods (Ministry of Housing, Municipalities and Environment, State of Bahrain, c. 1990)
Ihya' madinah al-Manamah al-qadimah/Manama Urban Renewal Project (Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning Directorate, State of Bahrain, 1987)
al-Iskan wa al-tanmiyah al-‘umraniyyah/ Housing and Urban Development (Ministry of Housing, Municipalities and Environment, State of Bahrain, 1996)
Jaridah al-Bahrayn, 1939–44
al-Jaridah al-Rasmiyyah (Government Gazette), 1948–51
al-Khifaz ‘ala khasa'is al-madinah al-‘Arabiyyah wa ‘ala turathiha al-‘Arabi al-Islami, by ‘Uthman, Ibrahim (Central Municipal Committee, State of Bahrain, [n.d])
Madinah ‘Isa/‘Isa Town (Ministry of Housing, Municipalities and Environment, State of Bahrain, c. 1996)
al-Malamih al-‘umraniyyah li al-mudun al-taqlidiyyah fi al-Bahrayn (Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning Directorate, State of Bahrain, [n.d])
Ma‘rad khara'it al-Bahrayn: tarikh wa suwar (Ministry of Housing, State of Bahrain, 1992)
The Population of Bahrain: Trends and Prospects (Directorate of Statistics, State of Bahrain, January 1979)
Sawt al-Bahrayn: Majallah Adabiyyah wa Ijtima‘iyyah, 4 vols. (Beirut: al-Mu'assasah al-‘Arabiyyah li al-Dirasat wa al-Nashr, 2003)
Thamanun ‘am min ‘umr al-baladiyyah fi al-Baharyn, by al-Razzaq, ‘Abdal-‘Awadi, Yusuf (State of Bahrain, Ministry of Housing, [n.d.])
DISSERTATIONS
Gleave, Robert, ‘Akhbari Jurisprudence in the Writings of Yusuf b. Ahmad al-Bahrani (1186/1772)’, unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Manchester (1996)
Kanna, Ahmed, ‘Not Their Fathers’ Days: Idioms of Space and Time in the Arabian Gulf', unpublished PhD dissertation, Harvard (2006)
Khalifa, Aisha Bilkhair, ‘Slaves and Musical Performances in Dubai: Socio-Cultural Relevance of African Traditions’, unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Exeter (2003)
Mandeel, Fa'eq Juma, ‘Planning Regulations for the Traditional Arab-Islamic Built Environment in Bahrain’, unpublished MA dissertation, University of Newcastle upon Tyne (1992)
Razavian, Muhammad Taghi, ‘Iranian Communities in the Persian Gulf: A Geographical Analysis’, unpublished PhD dissertation, University of London (1975)
Schumacher, Ilsa Amelia, ‘Ritual Devotion among Shi'i in Bahrain’, unpublished PhD dissertation, University of London (1987)
UNPUBLISHED MATERIALS AND PAMPHLETS
Ashrafs: 75 Years (Manama: Commemorative pamphlet, c. 1988)
Bushehri, ‘Ali Akbar, ‘Archeological evidence on the graves of the shuyukh al-ra'is of Bahrein’, typescript, 12 pages, 1996
Bushehri, ‘Ali Akbar, ‘The Jews of Bahrain’, typescript, 5 pages, December 2003
Bushehri, ‘Ali Akbar, ‘National Union School’, typescript, 17 pages, [n.d.]
Bushehri, ‘Ali Akbar, ‘The Struggle of a Family’, typescript, 225 pages, [n.d.]
Bushehri, ‘Ali Akbar, ‘Struggle of (sic) National Identity’, typescript, 47 pages, 1995
Facts about Bahrain – Historical Highlights (London: Bahrain Freedom Movement, [n.d.])
Fahbji, N., Taqrir ‘an al-madinatayn al-qadimatayn al-Muharraq wa al-Manamah fi al-Bahrayn (Tunis, Arab League, Educational, Cultural and Scientific Section, 1980)
Gornall, John, ‘Some Memories of BAPCO’, typescript, May 1965
Hamza, Manaf Yusif, Manar al-Bahrayn fi tarikh al-tabu wa al-misahah, (Manama: under the auspices of the Council of Ministers, 2000)
Hamza, Manaf Yusif, ‘Min al-turath al-‘aqari al-Bahrayni’, typescript, 44 pages, [n.d.]
Nadi al-Muharraq: ra'id al-nahdah al-riyadiyyah (Manama: Commemorative pamphlet, c. 1981)
Nadi Ras Rumman: thalathun ‘am ‘ala ta'sis (Manama: Commemorative pamphlet, c. 1986).
Serjeant, Robert B., ‘Customary Irrigation Law among the Shi‘ah Baharinah of al-Bahrayn’, typescript, 33 pages, 1960
al-Shuja‘i, M. ‘al-Idtihad al-‘irqi fi al-Bahrayn “al-‘Ajam” ’, typescript, 74 pages, [n.d.]
BOOKS AND ARTICLES IN ARABIC AND PERSIAN
‘Abdallah, Sulayman Da'wud, Samahij fi al-tarikh (Manama: [n.pub.], 1996)
Ayyam zaman /Old Days (Manama: Matbu‘at Banurama al-Khalij, 1986)
al-Baharna, Taqi Muhammad, Nadi al-‘Urubah wa khamsun ‘am, 1939–1989 (Manama: Matba‘ah Wizarah al-‘Ilam, 1991)
al-Bahrani, ‘Ali ibn Hasan, Anwar al-badrayn fi tarajim ‘ulama’ al-Qatif wa al-Ahsa’ wa al-Bahrayn (Najaf: Matba‘ah al-Nu‘man, 1960)
al-Bahrani, Yusuf ibn Ahmad, Lu'luat al-Bahrayn fi al-ijazat wa tarajim rijal al-hadith (Najaf: Matba‘ah al-Nu‘man, 1966)
al-Bakir, ‘Abd al-Rahman, Min al-Bahrayn ila al-manfa, 2nd edn (Beirut: Dar al-Kunuz al-‘Arabiyyah, 2002)
al-Baladiyyah insha'at bi amr shafahi’ lakinnha kanat tushabbih bi hukumah', Akhbar al-Khalij, 23 July 1980
Bashmi, Ibrahim, Ahdath wa waqa‘i wa mashaykh Bastak wa Khunj wa Lingah wa Lar (Manama: Mu'assah al-Ayyam, 1993)
al-Bassam, Khalid, al-Najdi al-tayyib: Sirah al-tajir wa al-muthaqqaf Sulayman al-Hamad al-Bassam, 1888–1949 (Beirut: al-Mu'assasah al-‘Arabiyyah li al-Dirasat wa al-Nashr, 2008)
al-Bassam, Khalid, Rijal fi jaza'ir al-lu'lu (Manama: al-Mu'assasah al-‘Arabiyyah li al-Tiba‘ah wa al-Nashr, 1991)
al-Bassam, Khalid, Tilka al-ayyam: hikayat wa suwar min bidayyah al-Bahrayn (Manama: Matbu‘at Banurama al-Khalij, 1986)
al-Bassam, Khalid, Yawmiyyat al-manfa: ‘Abd al-‘Aziz Shamlan fi Sant Hilana, 1956–1961 (Manama: [n.pub.], 2006)
Bu Hajji, ‘Abd al-‘AzizYusif, M., Lamahat min tarikh al-murur fi al-Bahrayn khilal al-sanawat 1914–1969 (Manama: al Mu'assasah al-‘Arabiyyah li al-Tiba‘ah wa al-Nashr, 1998)
Bushehri, ‘Ali Akbar, ‘Bilad al-jadid – mawlid madinah al-Manamah’ and ‘Mashad ‘asimah al-Bahrayn’ in al-Wasat, July 2003
Bushehri, ‘Ali Akbar, ‘al-Manamah al-qadimah: dhakaraha al-Burtughaliyyun wa al-‘Uthmaniyyun’, Banurama al-Khalij, July 1991
al-Ghanim, ‘Abdallah Khalifah, Jawanib min tarikh al-shurtah fi al-Bahrayn (Manama: Matba‘ah Wizarah Shu'un Majlis al-Wuzara’ wa al-‘Ilam, 2000)
Ghulum, Ibrahim ‘Abdallah, ‘Abdallah al-Za'id wa ta'sis al-khitab al-adabi al-hadith: Jaridah al-Bahrayn, 1939–1944 (Muharraq: Dar al-Tiba‘ah wa al-Nashr, 1996)
Hamza, Manaf Yusif, Mu‘jam al-ta‘mir wa al-khara'it wa al-watha'iq al-‘aqariyyah al-Bahrayniyyah (Manama: Dar Akhbar al-Khalij, 2001)
al-Jasim, Muhammad ‘Abd al-Qadir and ‘Ali al-Sha‘ir, Sawsan, al-Bahrayn: qissah al-sira‘ al-siyasi, 1904–1956 (Manama: [n.pub.], 2000)
al-Jawdar, Salih ibn Yusif, Ibn Jawdar qadhi al-Muharraq (Manama: al-Khalij al-‘Arabi, 1999)
al-Jur, Salah ibn Yusuf, Masajid al-Muharraq: tarikh wa athar (Manama: Ministry of Islamic Affairs, 2003)
Kanu, ‘Abd al-Latif Jasim, ‘Abr al-tarikh (Manama: al-Matba ‘ah al-Hukumiyyah li Wizarah al-‘Ilam, 1985)
Kazeruni, Muhammad Ibrahim, Athar shahr-ha-ye-bastani savahil va jaza'ir-i Khalij-i Fars va darya-ye ‘Umani, annotated by Iqtidari, Ahmad (Teheran: [n.pub.], 1996)
Kazeruni, Muhammad Ibrahim, Tarikh banadir va jaza'ir Khalij-i Fars (Teheran: Mu'assasah-i Farhangi-i Jahangiri, 1367 [1988–9])
Al Khalifah, Mayy Muhammad, Mi'ah ‘am min al-ta‘lim al-nizami fi al-Bahrayn: al-Sanawat al-ula li al-ta'sis (Beirut: al-Mu'assasah al-‘Arabiyyah li al-Dirasat wa al-Nashr, 1999)
Al Khalifah, Mayy Muhammad, Muhammad ibn Khalifah 1813–1890: al-Usturah wa al-tarikh al-muwazi (Beirut: al-Mu'assasah al-‘Arabiyyah li al-Dirasat wa al-Nashr, 1999)
Khatam, Muhammad Gharib, Tarikh ‘Arab al-Huwilah (Beirut: al-Mu'assasah al-‘Arabiyyah li al-Dirasat wa al-Nashr, 2003)
al-Khatir, Mubarak, al-Muntada al-Islami: Hayyatihi wa atharihi, 1928–1932, 2nd edn (Manama: al-Matba‘ah al-Hukumiyyah li Wizarah al-‘Ilam, 1993)
al-Khatir, Mubarak, Nabighat al-Bahrayn: ‘Abdallah al-Za'id (Manama: Matbu‘at Banurama al-Khalij, 1996)
al-Khatir, Mubarak, al-Qadhi al-ra'is Qasim ibn Mahza, 2nd edn (Manama: Matba‘ah Wizarah al-‘Ilam, 1986)
al-Khayri, ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn ‘Abdallah, Qala'id al-nahrayn fi tarikh al-Bahrayn (Manama: al-Ayyam, 2003)
al-Madani, Hasan, Hikayat al-nawadi: tajribah shakhsiyyah fi Nadi al-‘Urubah (Manama: al-Ayyam, 1996)
al-Madani, Salah ‘Ali and al-‘Urayyad, Karim ‘Ali, Min turath al-Bahrayn al-sha‘abi (Beirut: Matba‘ah Samia, n.d.)
al-Muraykhi, Khalil ibn Muhammad, Ahdath al-zaman: watha'iq ‘an tarikh al-Bahrayn (Manama: [n.pub.], 1995)
al-Muraykhi, Khalil b. Muhammad, Lamahat min madhi al-Bahrayn (Manama: Banurama al-Khalij, 1987)
Musameh, ‘Abd al-Rahman, Muqaddimah fi tarikh al-Bahrayn al-qadim (Manama: [n.pub.], 1998)
al-Nabhani, Muhammad, al-Tuhfah al-Nabhaniyyah fi tarikh al-Jazirah al-‘Arabiyyah (Beirut: Dar Ihya’ al-‘Ulum, 1976)
al-Nuwaydri, Salim, ‘Alam al-thaqafah al-Islamiyyah fl al-Bahrayn khilal arba‘at ‘asharah qarn, 3 vols. (Beirut: al-‘Arif, 1992)
al-Nuwaydri, Salim, ‘al-Usar al-‘ilmiyyah fi al-Bahrayn’, al-Mawsim, 11.3 (1990), 847–911
al-Qasimi, Nurah Muhammad, al-Wujud al-Hindi fi al-Khalij al-‘Arabi, 1860–1947 (Sharjah: Da'irah al-Thaqafah wa al-‘Ilam, 2000)
al-Rihani, Amin, al-Muluk al-‘Arab, 2 vols. (Beirut: al-Mu'assasah al-‘Arabiyyah li al-Dirasat wa al-Nashr, 1970)
Sayf, ‘Abdallah, al-Ma'tam fi al-Bahrayn, 2 vols. (Manama: al-Matba‘ah al-Sharqiyyah, 1995; Maktabah Fakrawi, 2004)
al-Shayji, Hilal, al-Sihafah fi al-Kuwayt wa al-Bahrayn mundhu nash'atiha hatta ahd al-istiqlal (Manama: Matbu‘at Banurama al-Khalij, 1989)
Sulaybikh, Khalifah, Hikayat min al-Hurah (Manama: [n.pub.], 2004)
Tajir, Muhammad ‘Ali, ‘Aqd al-lal fi tarikh al-Awal (Manama: al-Maktabah al-‘Ammah, 1994)
al-‘Urayfi, Rashid, al-‘Imarah al-Bahrayniyyah (Manama: al-Matba‘ah al-Sharqiyyah, 1978)
al-‘Urayyad, ‘Abd al-Karim, Nafidhah ‘ala al-tarikh: Bayt al-‘Urayyad (Manama: al-Mu'assasah al-‘Arabiyyah li al-Tiba‘ah wa al-Nashr, [n.d.])
Wali, Tariq, al-Bayan wa al-tibyan fi al-‘imarah wa al-‘umran (Manama: [n.pub.], 1993)
Wali, Tariq, al-Muharraq: ‘umran madinah khalijiyyah 1783–1971 (Manama: Matbu‘at Banurama al-Khalij, 1990)
al-Yahud bayna al-Bahrayn’, al-Mar'at al-Yawm, 9 July 2002
al-Zayyani, Amal Ibrahim, al-Bahrayn bayna al-istiqlal al-siyasi wa al-intilaq al-duali (Cairo: Dar al-Kutub, 1977)
al-Zayyani, Rashid, al-Ghaws wa al-tawwashah (Manama: al-Ayyam, 1998)
BOOKS AND ARTICLES IN ENGLISH AND OTHER EUROPEAN LANGUAGES
BAHRAIN, THE PERSIAN GULF AND THE MIDDLE EAST
Abdullah, Thabit A. J., Merchants, Mamluks and Murder: The Political Economy of Trade in Eighteenth-Century Basra (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2001)
Abu-Hakimah, Ahmad Mustafa, Eastern Arabia: Historic Photographs, 3 vols. (London: Hurtwood, 1984–95)
Abu-Hakimah, Ahmad Mustafa, History of Eastern Arabia, 1750–1800: The Rise and Development of Bahrain, Kuwait and Wahhabi Saudi Arabia (Beirut: Khayats, 1965)
Aghaie, Kamran Scott, The Martyrs of Karbala: Shi‘i Symbols and Rituals in Modern Iran (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2004)
Algar, Hamid, ‘The Oppositional Role of the Ulama in Twentieth-Century Iran’ in Keddie, N. (ed.), Scholars, Saints and Sufis: Muslim Religious Institutions in the Middle East since 1500 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1972), pp. 231–56
Alghanim, Salwa, The Reign of Mubarak al-Sabah: Shaikh of Kuwait, 1896–1915 (London: I. B. Tauris, 1998)
Allen, Calvin H., ‘The State of Masqat in the Gulf and East Africa, 1785–1829’, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 14 (1982), 117–27
Alster, Robert, ‘Dilmun, Bahrain and the Alleged Paradise in Sumerian Myth and Literature’ in Potts, D. T. (ed.), Dilmun: New Studies in the Archaeology and Early History of Bahrain (Berlin: Reimer, 1983), pp. 39–74
Altorki, Soraya and Cole, Donald P., Arabian Oasis City: The Transformation of ‘Unayzah (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1989)
Anscombe, Fredrick, The Ottoman Gulf: The Creation of Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Qatar (New York: Columbia University Press, 1997)
Al-Arayyed, Salim A., Islamic Law as Administered in British India and in Joint British Courts in the Arabian Gulf, 1857–1947 (Manama: Al Ayam Press, 2001)
Aubin, Jean, ‘Le royaume d'Ormuz au début du XVIe siècle’ in Mare Luso-Indicum (Geneva: Droz, 1973), vol. II, pp. 77–179
Ayubi, Nazih N., Over-Stating the Arab State (London: I. B. Tauris, 1995)
Baer, Gabriel, ‘The Beginnings of Municipal Government in Egypt’, Middle Eastern Studies, 4.2 (1968), 118–40
Baer, Gabriel, Egyptian Guilds in Modern Times (Jerusalem: Israel Oriental Society, 1964)
Al-Baharna, Husain M., The Arabian Gulf States: Their Legal and Political Status and International Problems (Beirut: Librairie du Liban, 1978)
Al-Baharna, Husain M., British Extra-Territorial Jurisdiction in the Gulf, 1913–1971 (Slough: Archive Editions, 1998)
Balfour-Paul, Glen, The End of Empire in the Middle East: Britain's Relinquishment of Power in Her Last Three Arab Dependencies (Cambridge University Press, 1991)
Bayly, Christopher A. and Fawaz, Leila Tarazi, ‘Introduction: The Connected World of Empires’ in L. T. Fawaz, and C. A. Bayly, (eds.), Modernity and Culture: From the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean (New York: Columbia University Press, 2002), pp. 1–27
Beblawi, Hazem and Luciani, Giacomo (eds.), The Rentier State (London: Croom Helm, 1987)
Beiling, Willard A., ‘Recent Developments in Labor Relations in Bahrayn’, The Middle East Journal, 13.2 (1959), 156–69
Belgrave, Charles, Personal Column (London: Hutchinson, 1960)
Belgrave, Charles, The Pirate Coast (Beirut: Librairie du Liban, 1972)
Belgrave, James, Welcome to Bahrain, 8th edn (Manama: The Augustan Press, 1973)
Bent, Theodore, Southern Arabia (London: Smith and Elder, 1900)
Bianca, Stefano, Urban Form in the Arab World: Past and Present (London: Thames and Hudson, 2000)
Bibby, Geoffrey, Looking for Dilmun, 2nd edn (London: Stacey International, 1996)
Billecocq, Xavier Beguin, Un vaisseau français à Bahreïn 1842: une première diplomatique/A French Ship's Journey to Bahrain 1842: A Diplomatic First (Paris: [n.pub.], 2001)
Bonine, Michael E., ‘Oil and Urban Development: The Transformation of the Small Arab Town in the United Arab Emirates’ in Petites villes et villes moyennes dans le monde arabe (Tours: URBAMA, 1986), pp. 621–36
Braude, Benjamin and Lewis, Bernard (eds.), Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Empire: The Functioning of a Plural Society, 2 vols. (New York: Holmes and Meier, 1982)
Brown, L. Carl (ed.), Imperial Legacy: The Ottoman Imprint on the Balkans and the Middle East (New York: Columbia University Press, 1996)
Brown, Nathan J., The Rule of Law in the Arab World: Courts in Egypt and in the Gulf (Cambridge University Press, 1997)
Bushehri, ‘Ali Akbar, ‘The Master Builder of Bahrain’, The Gulf Mirror, February 1987, issue n. 8
Bushehri, ‘Ali Akbar, ‘The War of No Battle – Bahrain in 1559’, Dilmun, 18 (19992000), 20–27
Celik, Zeynep, Urban Forms and Colonial Confrontations: Algiers under French rule (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997)
Chalcraft, John T., The Striking Cabbies of Cairo and Other Stories: Crafts and Guilds in Egypt, 1863–1914 (Albany: State University of New York Press, 2004)
Clarke, Angela, Bahrain: Oil and Development, 1929–1989 (London: Immel, 1990)
Clarke, Angela, Through the Changing Scenes of Life: The American Mission Hospital Bahrain, 1893–1993 (Hong Kong: Wing King Tong, 1993)
Cleveland, William L., ‘The Municipal Council of Tunis, 1858–1870: A Study in Urban Institutional Change’, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 9.1 (1978), 33–61
Cole, Juan R., ‘Rival Empires of Trade and Imami Shi‘ism in Eastern Arabia, 1300–1800’, International Journal of Middle East Studies, 19.3 (1987), 177–204
Cole, Juan R., Roots of North India Shi‘ism in Iran and Iraq: Religion and State in Awadh, 1722–1859 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988)
Cottrell, Alvin J. et al., The Persian Gulf States: A General Survey (Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press, 1980)
Crystal, Jill, ‘Civil Society in the Arabian Gulf’ in Richard Norton, Augustus (ed.), Civil Society in the Middle East, 2 vols. (Leiden: Brill, 1995), vol. II, pp. 259–86
Crystal, Jill, Oil and Politics in the Gulf: Rulers and Merchants in Kuwait and Qatar (Cambridge University Press, 1990)
Cursetjee, Manockjee, The Land of the Date (Reading: Garnet, 1994)
Curzon, George Nathaniel, Persia and the Persian Question (London: Longmans, 1892)
Davie, May, ‘Être Beyrouthin en 1800’ in La Citadinité en questions (Tours: URBAMA, 1996), pp. 59–68
Davis, Eric, ‘Theorizing Statecraft and Social Change in Arab Oil-Producing Countries’ in Davis, E. and Gavrielides, N. (eds.), Statecraft in the Middle East: Oil, Historical Memory and Popular Culture (Miami: Florida International University Press, 1991), pp. 1–35
Dessouki, Assem, ‘Social and Political Dimension of the Historiography of the Arab Gulf’, in Davis, E. and Gavrielides, N. (eds.), Statecraft in the Middle East: Oil, Historical Memory and Popular Culture (Miami: Florida International University Press, 1991), pp. 96–115
Dieulafoy, Jane, A Suse: journal des fouilles, 1884–1886 (Paris: Hachette, 1888)
Denoeux, Guilain, Urban Unrest in the Middle East: A Comparative Study of Informal Networks in Egypt, Iran and Lebanon (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1993)
Dresch, Paul, Tribes, Government and History in Yemen (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989)
Eldem, Edhem, Goffman, Daniel and Masters, Bruce (eds.), The Ottoman City Between East and West: Aleppo, Izmir and Istanbul (Cambridge University Press, 1999)
Farah, Talal Toufic, Protection and Politics in Bahrain, 1869–1915 (Beirut: American University, 1985)
Fattah, Hala, The Politics of Regional Trade in Iraq, Arabia and the Gulf, 1745–1900 (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1997)
Fawaz, Leila Tarazi and Bayly, Christopher A. (eds.), Modernity and Culture: From the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean (New York: Columbia University Press, 2002)
Field, Michael, The Merchants: The Big Business Families of Saudi Arabia and the Gulf States (New York: Overlook Press, 1985)
Finnie, David, ‘Recruitment and Training of Labor: The Middle East Oil Industry’, Middle East Journal, 12.2 (1958), 127–43
Fischbach, Michael Richard, State, Society and Land in Jordan (Leiden: Brill, 2000)
Floor, Willem, ‘Dutch Trade with Mascat during the Eighteenth Century’, Journal of Asian and African Studies, 16 (1982), 197–213
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