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55 - EBV-induced oncogenesis

from Part III - Pathogenesis, clinical disease, host response, and epidemiology: gammaherpesviruses

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 December 2009

By
Nancy Raab-Traub
Edited by
Ann Arvin ,
Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume ,
Edward Mocarski ,
Patrick S. Moore ,
Bernard Roizman ,
Richard Whitley  and
Koichi Yamanishi
Nancy Raab-Traub
Affiliation:
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
Ann Arvin
Affiliation:
Stanford University, California
Gabriella Campadelli-Fiume
Affiliation:
Università degli Studi, Bologna, Italy
Edward Mocarski
Affiliation:
Emory University, Atlanta
Patrick S. Moore
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh
Bernard Roizman
Affiliation:
University of Chicago
Richard Whitley
Affiliation:
University of Alabama, Birmingham
Koichi Yamanishi
Affiliation:
University of Osaka, Japan
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Summary

Introduction

The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus that is a ubiquitous infectious agent, infecting greater than 90% of the world's population (Henle et al., 1969). The majority of infections occur early in life without significant illness. However, EBV is clearly an important factor in multiple human cancers. This dichotomy raises the question as to what are the unique aspects of infection in those who develop cancers. The study of EBV and its associated tumors points to specific interactions between environmental, genetic, and viral factors.

Many of the malignancies associated with EBV develop in the setting of immunosuppression or have endemic patterns of incidence (Raab-Traub, 1996). EBV has potent growth transforming properties in vitro where it efficiently induces permanent growth of infected lymphocytes (Nilsson et al., 1971). Therefore it is not surprising that EBV is clearly the etiologic factor in post-transplant lymphoma and a subset of AIDS-associated lymphomas.

The endemic patterns of incidence characteristic of many EBV-associated tumors were initially apparent as EBV was originally isolated from samples of African Burkitt's Lymphoma (BL) (Epstein et al., 1964). This childhood tumor develops with high incidence in subequatorial Africa (Burkitt, 1962a). EBV was subsequently identified in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a major tumor that occurs with extraordinarily high incidence in the southern Chinese and with elevated incidence in Inuit populations and in Mediterranean Africa (Henle et al., 1978a; Wolf et al., 1973).

Type
Chapter
Information
Human Herpesviruses
Biology, Therapy, and Immunoprophylaxis
 , pp. 986 - 1006
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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