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Chapter 27 - Malaria

from Section 2 - Infections in Pregnancy

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 October 2019

By
Bhavya Balasubramanya
Edited by
Adel Elkady ,
Prabha Sinha  and
Soad Ali Zaki Hassan
Adel Elkady
Affiliation:
Police Force Hospital, Cairo
Prabha Sinha
Affiliation:
Oman Medical College, Oman
Soad Ali Zaki Hassan
Affiliation:
Alexandria University
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Summary

Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused by the bite of the female Anopheles mosquito, which results in infection of the red blood cell. Malaria is a protozoal disease caused by infection with the parasites of genus Plasmodium (species falciparum, vivax, ovale, malariae and knowlesi). P. falciparum is associated with a greater maternal and fetal mortality/morbidity (low birthweight and anaemia) than non-falciparum infections.

In 2016, there were an estimated 216 million cases of malaria in 91 countries, an increase of 5 million cases over 2015. Malaria deaths reached 445 000 in 2016, with most malarial cases and deaths occurring in sub-Saharan Africa.

In 2008, there were six deaths reported in the UK from malaria.

Specific risk groups more vulnerable to malaria are young children, non-immune pregnant women, semi-immune pregnant women, semi-immune HIV-infected pregnant women, individuals with HIV/AIDS, travellers from non-endemic areas and immigrants.

Type
Chapter
Information
Infections in Pregnancy
An Evidence-Based Approach
 , pp. 159 - 163
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2019

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References

World Health Organization. Malaria. Fact sheet. Updated November 2017. www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs094/en/.Google Scholar
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World Health Organization. Malaria. Diagnostic testing. www.who.int/malaria/areas/diagnosis/en.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. Global Malaria Programme: pregnant women and infants. http://apps.who.int/malaria/pregnantwomenandinfants.html.Google Scholar
Soma-Pillay, P, Macdonald, AP. Malaria in pregnancy. Obstet Med. 2012; 5(1): 2–5.Google Scholar
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Breast feeding. Malaria. www.cdc.gov/breastfeeding/disease/malaria.htm.Google Scholar
Brazeau, NF, Tabala, M, Kiketa, L et al. Exclusive breastfeeding and clinical malaria risk in 6-month-old infants: a cross-sectional study from Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2016; 95(4): 827–30.Google Scholar
World Health Organization. What the first malaria vaccine means to a mother and child. https://www.who.int/immunization/diseases/malaria/malaria_vaccine_implementation_programme/en/.Google Scholar

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