Aarssen, L. W. (1997). On the progress of ecology. Oikos 80, 177–178CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Abeeluck, D.& Walter, G. H. (1997). Mating behaviour of an undescribed species of Coccophagus, near C. gurneyi (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae). Journal of Hymenoptera Research 6, 92–98Google Scholar

Abele, L. G., Simberloff, D. S., Strong, D. R. & Thistle, A. B. (1984). Preface. In Ecological Communities: Conceptual Issues and the Evidence (eds. D. R. Strong, D. Simberloff, L. G. Abele & A. B. Thistle), pp. vii–vix. Princeton University Press, Princeton

Adams, M., Baverstock, P. R., Watts, C. H. S. & Reardon, T. (1987). Electrophoretic resolution of species boundaries in Australian Microchiroptera. I. Eptesicus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae). Australian Journal of Biological Science 40, 143–162CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Adkisson, P. L. (1973). The principles, strategies and tactics of pest control in cotton. In Insects: Studies in Population Management, Memoir 1 (eds. P. W. Geier, L. R. Clark, D. J. Anderson & H. A. Nix), pp. 274–283. Ecological Society of Australia, Canberra

Alam, M., Bennett, F. D. & Carl, K. P. (1971). Biological control of Diatraea saccharalis in Barbados by Apanteles flavipes and Lixophaga diatraeae. Entomophaga 16, 151–158CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Aldrich, J. R., Numata, H., Borges, M., Bin, F., Waite, G. K. & Lusby, G. K. (1993). Artifacts and pheromone blends from Nezara spp. and other stink bugs (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 48, 73–79Google Scholar

Aldrich, J. R., Oliver, J. E., Lusby, W. R., Kochansky, J. P. & Lockwood, J. A. (1987). Pheromone strains of the cosmopolitan pest, Nezara viridula (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Journal of Experimental Zoology 244, 171–175CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Allaby, M. (1995). Facing the Future: The Case for Science. Bloomsbury, London

Allen, J. E., Burns, M. & Sargent, S. C. (1986). Cataclysms on the Columbia: A Layman's Guide to the Features Produced by the Catastrophic Bretz Floods in the Pacific Northwest. Timber Press, Portland

Allen, W. A. & Rajotte, E. G. (1990). The changing role of extension entomology in the IPM era. Annual Review of Entomology 35, 379–397CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Allwood, A. J., Chinajariyawong, A., Drew, R. A. I. et al. (1999). Host plant records for fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) in south east Asia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology Supplement No. 7, 1–92

Andrewartha, H. G. (1984). Ecology at the crossroads. Australian Journal of Ecology 9, 1–3CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Andrewartha, H. G. & Birch, L. C. (1954). The Distribution and Abundance of Animals. University of Chicago Press, Chicago

Andrewartha, H. G. & Birch, L. C. (1984). The Ecological Web: More on the Distribution and Abundance of Animals. University of Chicago Press, Chicago

Angus, R. B., Brown, R. E. & Bryant, L. J. (2000). Chromosomes and identification of the sibling species Pterostichus nigrita (Paykull) and P. rhaeticus Heer (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Systematic Entomology 25, 325–337CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Annecke, D. P. & Moran, V. C. (1977). Critical reviews of biological pest control in South Africa. 1. Karoo caterpillar, Loxostege frustalis Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 40, 127–145Google Scholar

Annecke, D. P. & Mynhardt, M. J. (1979). On Metaphycus stanleyi Compere and two new species of Metaphycus Mercet from Africa (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Journal of the Entomological Society of Southern Africa 42, 143–150Google Scholar

Antolin, M. F. & Strong, D. R. (1987). Long-distance dispersal by a parasitoid (Anagrus delicatus, Mymaridae) and its host. Oecologia 73, 288–292CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Armstrong, K. F., Cameron, C. M. & Frampton, E. R. (1997). Fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) species identification: a rapid molecular diagnostic technique for quarantine application. Bulletin of Entomological Research 87, 111–118CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Atanassova, P., Brookes, C. P., Loxdale, H. D. & Powell, W. (1998). Electrophoretic study of five aphid parasitoid species of the genus Aphidius (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), including evidence for reproductively isolated sympatric populations and a cryptic species. Bulletin of Entomological Research 88, 3–13CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Atkinson, W. D. (1985). Coexistence of Australian rainforest Diptera breeding in fallen fruit. Journal of Animal Ecology 54, 507–518CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Avise, J. C. (1994). Molecular Markers, Natural History and Evolution. Chapman & Hall, New York

Ayala, F. J. (1982). Population and Evolutionary Genetics: A Primer. Benjamin/Cummings Publishing, Menlo Park

Bacheler, J. S. (1995). Impact of boll weevil eradication on cotton production and insect management in Virginia and North Carolina, USA. In Challenging the Future: Proceedings of the World Cotton Research Conference – 1, Brisbane, Australia, 1994 (eds. G. A. Constable & N. W. Forrester), pp. 405–410. CSIRO, Melbourne

Baimai, V., Phinchongsakuldit, J., Sumrandee, C. & Tigvattananont, S. (2000). Cytological evidence for a complex of species within the taxon Bactrocera tau (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Thailand. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69, 399–409CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bajwa, W. I. & Kogan, M. (1996). Compendium of IPM Definitions (CID): A Collection of IPM Definitions and their Citations in Worldwide IPM Literature. Integrated Plant Protection Center (IPPC), Oregon State University, Corvallis. http://www.ippc.orst.edu/IPMdefinitions/

Baker, P. S., Khan, A., Mohyuddin, A. I. & Waage, J. K. (1992). Overview of biological control of Lepidoptera in the Caribbean. Florida Entomologist 75, 477–483CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Baker, T. C. (1993). Learning the language of insects – and how to talk back. American Entomologist 39, 212–220CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Baltimore, D. (1978). Limiting science: a biologist's perspective. Daedalus 107, 37–45Google ScholarPubMed

Barbieri, M., Bavestrello, G. & Sara, M. (1995). Morphological and ecological differences in two electrophoretically detected species of Cliona (Porifera, Demospongiae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 54, 193–200Google Scholar

Barfield, C. S. & O'Neil, R. J. (1984). Is an ecological understanding a prerequisite for pest management?Florida Entomologist 67, 42–47CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Barker, J. S. F. (1983). Interspecific competition. In The Genetics and Biology of Drosophila, vol. 3c (eds. M. Ashburner, H. L. Carson & J. N. Thompson), pp. 285–342. Academic Press, London

Barlow, N. D., Moller, H. & Beggs, J. R. (1996). A model for the effect of Sphecophaga vesparum vesparum as a biological control agent of the common wasp in New Zealand. Journal of Applied Ecology 33, 31–44CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Beard, J. J. & Walter, G. H. (2001). Host plant specificity in several species of generalist mite predators. Ecological Entomology 26, 562–570CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Beavis, I. C. (1988). Insects and Other Invertebrates in Classical Antiquity. University of Exeter, Exeter

Beeby, A. (1993). Applying Ecology. Chapman & Hall, London

Beier, M. (1973). The early naturalists and anatomists during the Renaissance and seventeenth century. In History of Entomology (eds. R. F. Smith, T. E. Mittler & C. N. Smith), pp. 81–94. Annual Reviews, Palo Alto

Benbrook, C. M., Groth, E., Halloran, J. M., Hansen, M. K. & Marquardt, S. (1996). Pest Management at the Crossroads. Consumers Union, New York

Bennett, F. D. (1971). Current status of biological control of the small moth borers of sugar cane Diatraea spp. [Lep. Pyralidae]. Entomophaga 16, 111–124CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Berkov, A. (2002). The impact of redefined species limits in Palame (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae: Acanthocinini) on assessments of host, seasonal, and stratum specificity. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 76, 195–209CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Berlocher, S. H. & Feder, J. L. (2002). Sympatric speciation in phytophagous insects: moving beyond controversy?Annual Review of Entomology 47, 773–815CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bernays, E. A. (1999). When host choice is a problem for a generalist herbivore: experiments with the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. Ecological Entomology 24, 260–267CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bernays, E. A. & Chapman, R. F. (1994). Host Selection by Phytophagous Insects. Chapman & Hall, New York

Bernays, E. A. & Graham, M. (1988). On the evolution of host specificity in phytophagous arthropods. Ecology 69, 886–892CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bernays, E. A. & Minkenberg, O. P. J. M. (1997). Insect herbivores: different reasons for being a generalist. Ecology 78, 1157–1169CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bernays, E. A. & Wcislo, W. T. (1994). Sensory capabilities, information processing, and resource specialization. Quarterly Review of Biology 69, 187–204CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Besansky, N. J., Powell, J. R., Caccone, A., Hamm, D. M., Scott, J. A. & Collins, F. H. (1994). Molecular phylogeny of the Anopheles gambiae complex suggests genetic introgression between principal malaria vectors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 91, 6885–6888CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bever, J. D., Schultz, P. A., Pringle, A. & Morton, J. B. (2001). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: more diverse than meets the eye, and the ecological tale of why. BioScience 51, 923–931CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bidochka, M. J., Kamp, A. M., Lavender, T. M., Dekoning, J. & Croos, J. N. A. (2001). Habitat association in two genetic groups of the insect-pathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae: uncovering cryptic species?Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, 1335–1342CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bilde, T. & Toft, S. (2001). The value of three cereal aphid species as food for a generalist predator. Physiological Entomology 26, 58–68CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bjorkman, C. (2000). Interactive effects of host resistance and drought stress on the performance of a gall-making aphid living on Norway spruce. Oecologia 123, 223–231Google ScholarPubMed

Blackman, R. L. (1974). Life-cycle variation of Myzus persicae (Sulz.) (Hom., Aphididae) in different parts of the world, in relation to genotype and environment. Bulletin of Entomological Research 63, 595–607CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Blackman, R. L. (2000). The cloning experts. Antenna 24, 206–214Google Scholar

Blouw, D. M. & Hagen, D. W. (1990). Breeding ecology and evidence of reproductive isolation of a widespread stickleback fish (Gasterosteidae) in Nova Scotia, Canada. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 39, 195–217CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bocking, S. (1990). Stephen Forbes, Jacob Reighard, and the emergence of aquatic ecology in the Great Lakes Region. Journal of the History of Biology 23, 461–498CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Booth, W. (1988). Revenge of the “nozzleheads”. Science 239, 135–137CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Borges, M., Jepson, P. C. & Howse, P. E. (1987). Long-range mate location and close-range courtship behaviour of the green stink bug, Nezara viridula, and its mediation by sex pheromones. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 44, 205–212CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bossart, J. L. (1998). Genetic architecture of host use in a widely distributed, polyphagous butterfly (Lepidoptera: Papilionidae): adaptive inferences based on comparison of spatio-temporal populations. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 165, 279–300CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Botsford, L. W. & Jain, S. K. (1992). Population biology and its application to practical problems. In Applied Population Biology (eds. S. K. Jain & L. W. Botsford), pp. 1–24. Kluwer Academic Publishers, DordrechtCrossRef

Bottrell, D. G. (1996). The research challenge for integrated pest management in developing countries: a perspective for rice in Southeast Asia. Journal of Agricultural Entomology 13, 185–193Google Scholar

Bouskila, A., Robertson, I. C., Robinson, M. E.et al. (1995). Submaximal oviposition rates in a Mymarid parasitoid: choosiness should not be ignored. Ecology 76, 1990–1993CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brady, R. H. (1982). Dogma and doubt. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 17, 79–96CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brain, C. K. (1981). Hominid evolution and climatic change. South African Journal of Science 77, 104–105Google Scholar

Brézot, P., Malosse, C., Mori, K. & Renou, M. (1994). Bisabolene epoxides in sex pheromone in Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae): role of cis isomer and relation to specificity of pheromone. Journal of Chemical Ecology 20, 3133–3147CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Briejer, C. J. (1968). Zilveren Sleiers en Verborgen Gevaren: Chemische Preparaten die het Leven Bedreigen, 2nd edn. A. W. Sijthoff, Leiden

Briese, D. T., Sheppard, A. W., Zwolfer, H. & Boldt, P. E. (1994). Structure of the phytophagous insect fauna of Onopordum thistles in the northern Mediterranean basin. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 53, 231–253CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Briggs, S. A. (1987). Rachel Carson: her vision and her legacy. In Silent Spring Revisited (eds. G. J. Marco, R. M. Hollingworth & W. Durham), pp. 3–11. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC.

Bronowski, J. (1978). The Origins of Knowledge and Imagination. Yale University Press, New Haven

Brooks, H. (1978). The problem of research priorities. Daedalus 107, 171–190Google Scholar

Brown, A. W. A. (1961). The challenge of insecticide resistance. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America 7, 6–19CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Brown, J. K., Bird, J., Frohlich, D. R., Rosell, R. C., Bedford, I. D. & Markham, P. G. (1996). The relevance of variability within the Bemisia tabaci species complex to epidemics caused by subgroup III geminiviruses. In Bemisia 1995: Taxonomy, Biology, Damage, Control and Management (eds. D. Gerling & R. T. Mayer), pp. 77–89. Intercept, Andover

Brown, J. K., Frohlich, D. R. & Rosell, R. C. (1995). The sweetpotato or silverleaf whiteflies: biotypes of Bemisia tabaci or a species complex?Annual Review of Entomology 40, 511–534CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Browning, H. W. & Melton, C. W. (1987). Indigenous and exotic Trichogrammatids (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) evaluated for biological control of Eoreuma loftini and Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) borers on sugarcane. Environmental Entomology 16, 360–364CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Browning, J. A. (1998). One phytopathologist's growth through IPM to holistic plant health: the key to approaching genetic yield potential. Annual Review of Phytopathology 36, 1–24CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Brush, S. G. (1974). Should the history of science be rated X?Science 183, 1164–1172CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Burn, A. J., Coaker, T. H. & Jepson, P. C. (1987). Integrated Pest Management. Academic Press, London

Bush, G. L. (1975). Sympatric speciation in phytophagous parasitic insects. In Evolutionary Strategies of Parasitic Insects and Mites (ed. P. W. Price), pp. 187–206. Plenum Press, New YorkCrossRef

Bush, G. L. (1992). Host race formation and sympatric speciation in Rhagoletis fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae). Psyche 99, 335–358CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bush, G. L. (1993). A reaffirmation of Santa Rosalia, or why are there so many kinds of small animals? In Evolutionary Patterns and Processes, vol. 14. Linnean Society Symposium Series (eds. D. R. Lees & D. Edwards), pp. 229–249. Academic Press, London

Bush, G. L. (1994). Sympatric speciation in animals: new wine in old bottles. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 9, 285–287CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Calkins, C. O., Klassen, W. & Liedo, P. (1994). Preface. In Fruit Flies and the Sterile Insect Technique (eds. C. O. Calkins, W. Klassen & P. Liedo), pp. iii–iv. CRC Press, Boca Raton

Caltagirone, L. E. (1981). Landmark examples in classical biological control. Annual Review of Entomology 26, 213–232CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Caltagirone, L. E. & Doutt, R. L. (1989). The history of the vedalia beetle importation to California and its impact on the development of biological control. Annual Review of Entomology 34, 1–16CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Calvert, R. E. (1986). Introduction to Building Management. Butterworth, London

Campbell, N. A. & Mahon, R. J. (1974). A multivariate study of variation in two species of rock crab of the genus Leptograpsus. Australian Journal of Zoology 22, 417–425CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Campbell, N. A., Reece, J. B. & Mitchell, L. G. (1999). Biology, 5th edn. Benjamin/Cummings Publishing, Menlo Park

Carey, J. R. (1991). Establishment of the Mediterranean fruit fly in California. Science 253, 1369–1373CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Carey, J. R. (1996). The incipient Mediterranean fruit fly population in California: implications for invasion biology. Ecology 77, 1690–1697CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Carr, E. H. (1987). What is History? Penguin, London

Carriere, Y. (1992). Host plant exploitation within a population of a generalist herbivore, Choristoneura rosaceana. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 65, 1–10CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Carriere, Y., Dennehy, T. J., Pedersen, B.et al. (2001). Large-scale management of insect resistance to transgenic cotton in Arizona: can transgenic insecticidal crops be sustained?Journal of Economic Entomology 94, 315–325CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Carriere, Y. & Roitberg, B. D. (1994). Trade-offs in responses to host plants within a population of a generalist herbivore, Choristoneura rosaceana. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 72, 173–180CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Carroll, D. P. & Hoyt, S. C. (1986). Hosts and habitats of parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) implicated in biological control of apple aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae). Environmental Entomology 15, 1171–1178CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Carson, H. L. (1989). Evolution: the pattern or the process. Science 245, 872–873CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Carson, R. (1962). Silent Spring. Penguin, Harmondsworth

Casagrande, R. A. (1987). The Colorado potato beetle: 125 years of mismanagement. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America 33, 142–150CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cate, J. R. (1990). Biological control of pests and diseases: integrating a diverse heritage. In New Directions in Biological Control: Alternatives for Suppressing Agricultural Pests and Diseases (eds. R. R. Baker & P. E. Dunn), pp. 23–43. Alan R. Liss, New York

Cates, R. G. (1981). Host plant predictability and the feeding patterns of monophagous, oligophagous, and polyphagous insect herbivores. Oecologia 48, 319–326CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Chalmers, A. F. (1999). What is this Thing called Science? An Assessment of the Nature and Status of Science and its Methods, 3rd edn. University of Queensland Press, Brisbane

Chamberlin, T. C. (1897). Studies for Students: The method of multiple working hypotheses. Journal of Geology 5, 837–848CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Chandrasekhar, S. (1990). Science and scientific attitudes. Nature 344, 285–286CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cherrett, J. M. (1977). Preface. In Origins of Pest, Parasite, Disease and Weed Problems (eds. J. M. Cherrett & G. R. Sagar), pp. ix–x. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford

Chitty, D. (1996). Do Lemmings Commit Suicide? Beautiful Hypotheses and Ugly Facts. Oxford University Press, New York

Cittadino, E. (1990). Nature as the Laboratory: Darwinian Plant Ecology in the German Empire, 1880–1900. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

Clanchy, J. & Ballard, B. (1991). Essay Writing for Students: A Practical Guide, 2nd edn. Longman Cheshire, Melbourne

Claridge, M. F. & de Vrijer, P. W. F. (1994). Reproductive behavior: the role of acoustic signals in species recognition and speciation. In Planthoppers: Their Ecology and Management (eds. R. F. Denno & T. J. Perfect), pp. 216–233. Chapman & Hall, New YorkCrossRef

Claridge, M. F., Hollander, J. & Morgan, J. C. (1985). The status of weed-associated populations of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) – host race or biological species?Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 84, 77–90CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Claridge, M. F. & Nixon, G. A. (1986). Oncopsis flavicollis (L.) associated with tree birches (Betula): a complex of biological species or a host plant utilization polymorphism?Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 27, 381–397CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Clark, L. R., Geier, P. W., Hughes, R. D. & Morris, R. F. (1967). The Ecology of Insect Populations in Theory and Practice. Methuen, London

Clarke, A. R. (1990). The control of Nezara viridula (L.) with introduced egg parasitoids in Australia: a review of a “landmark” example of classical biological control. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 41, 1127–1146CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Clarke, A. R. (1992). Current distribution and pest status of Nezara viridula (L.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Australia. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 31, 289–297CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Clarke, A. R. (1993). A new Trissolcus Ashmead species (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) from Pakistan: species description and its role as a biological control agent. Bulletin of Entomological Research 83, 523–527CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Clarke, A. R. (1995). Integrated pest management in forestry: some difficulties in pursuing the holy-grail. Australian Forestry 58, 147–150CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Clarke, A. R., Allwood, A., Chinajariyawong, A.et al. (2001). Seasonal abundance and host use patterns of seven Bactrocera Marquart species (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Thailand and peninsular Malaysia. Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 49, 207–220Google Scholar

Clarke, A. R., Paterson, S. & Pennington, P. (1998). Gonipterus scutellatus Gyllenhal (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) oviposition on seven naturally co-occurring Eucalyptus species. Forest Ecology and Management 110, 89–99CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Clarke, A. R. & Walter, G. H. (1993a). Biological control of the green vegetable bug Nezara viridula (L.) in eastern Australia: current status and perspectives. In Pest Control and Sustainable Agriculture (eds. S. A. Corey, D. J. Dall & W. M. Milne), pp. 223–225. CSIRO, Melbourne

Clarke, A. R. & Walter, G. H. (1993b). Variegated thistle (Silybum marianum (L.)), a non-crop host plant of Nezara viridula (L.) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in southeastern Queensland. Journal of the Australian Entomological Society 32, 81–83CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Clarke, A. R. & Walter, G. H. (1995). “Strains” and the classical biological control of insect pests. Canadian Journal of Zoology 73, 1777–1790CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Clarke, A. R., Zalucki, M. P., Madden, J. L., Patel, V. S. & Paterson, S. C. (1997). Local dispersion of the Eucalyptus leaf-beetle Chrysophtharta bimaculata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and implications for forest protection. Journal of Applied Ecology 34, 807–816CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Clausen, C. P. (1936). Insect parasitism and biological control. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 29, 201–223CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Clements, F. E. (1916). Plant Succession: An Analysis of the Development of Vegetation. Publication No. 242. Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC

Coetzee, M. (1989). Comparative morphology and multivariate analysis for the discrimination of four members of the Anopheles gambiae group in southern Africa. Mosquito Systematics 21, 100–116Google Scholar

Coll, M. & Bottrell, D. G. (1994). Effects of nonhost plants on an insect herbivore in diverse habitats. Ecology 75, 723–731CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Collier, T. R., Murdoch, W. W. & Nisbet, R. M. (1994). Egg load and the decision to host-feed in the parasitoid, Aphytis melinus. Journal of Animal Ecology 63, 299–306CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Collins, F. H. & Paskewitz, S. M. (1996). A review of the use of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) to differentiate among cryptic Anopheles species. Insect Molecular Biology 5, 1–9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Common, I. F. B. (1953). The Australian species of Heliothis (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and their pest status. Australian Journal of Zoology 1, 319–344CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Commoner, B. (2002). Unravelling the DNA myth. The spurious foundation of genetic engineering. Harper's Magazine 304, 39–47Google Scholar

Compere, H. (1961). The red scale and its insect enemies. Hilgardia 31, 173–278CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Condon, M. A. & Steck, G. J. (1997). Evolution of host use in fruit flies of the genus Blepharoneura (Diptera: Tephritidae): cryptic species on sexually dimorphic host plants. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 60, 443–466Google Scholar

Connell, J. H. (1980). Diversity and the coevolution of competitors, or the ghost of competition past. Oikos 35, 131–138CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Connell, J. H. (1983). On the prevalence and relative importance of interspecific competition: evidence from field experiments. American Naturalist 122, 661–696CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Conway, G. (1981). Man versus pests. In Theoretical Ecology: Principles and Applications (ed. R. M. May), pp. 356–386. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford

Conway, G. R. (1987). The properties of agroecosystems. Agricultural Systems 24, 95–117CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cook, J. M. (1996). A beginners' guide to molecular markers for entomologists. Antenna 20, 53–62Google Scholar

Coope, G. R. (1978). Constancy of insect species versus inconstancy of Quaternary environments. In Diversity of Insect Faunas (eds. L. A. Mound & N. Waloff), pp. 176–186. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford

Coope, G. R. (1986). The invasion and colonisation of the North Atlantic islands: a palaeoecological solution to a biogeographic problem. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 314, 619–635CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Coope, G. R. (1987). The response of late Quaternary insect communities to sudden climatic changes. In Organization of Communities Past and Present (eds. J. H. R. Gee & P. S. Giller), pp. 421–438. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford

Corbett, A. & Rosenheim, J. A. (1996). Impact of a natural enemy overwintering refuge and its interaction with the surrounding landscape. Ecological Entomology 21, 155–164CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Corrigan, P. J. & Seneviratna, P. (1990). Occurrence of organochlorine residues in Australian meat. Australian Veterinary Journal 67, 56–58CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Cottam, C. & Higgins, E. (1946). DDT and its effect on fish and wildlife. Journal of Economic Entomology 39, 44–52CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Coulson, G. (1990). Habitat separation in the gray kangaroos, Macropus giganteus Shaw and Macropus fuliginosus (Desmarest) (Marsupialia: Macropodidae), in Grampians National Park, western Victoria (Australia). Australian Mammalogy 13, 33–40Google Scholar

Courtney, S. P. & Kibota, T. T. (1990). Mother doesn't know best: selection of hosts by ovipositing insects. In Insect/Plant Interactions, vol. 2 (ed. E. A. Bernays), pp. 161–188. CRC Press, Boca Raton

Cowie, R. H. (2001). Can snails ever be effective and safe biocontrol agents?International Journal of Pest Management 47, 23–40CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cox, P. A. & Knox, R. B. (1988). Pollination postulates and two-dimensional pollination in hydrophilous monocotyledons. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 75, 811–818CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Coyne, J. A. (1992). Genetics and speciation. Nature 355, 511–515CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Coyne, J. A. (1993). Recognizing species. Nature 364, 298CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Crawley, M. J. (1986). The population biology of invaders. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 314, 711–731CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Croft, B. A. (1983). Introduction. In Integrated Management of Insect Pests of Pome and Stone Fruits (eds. B. A. Croft & S. C. Hoyt), pp. 1–18. Wiley-Interscience, New York

Croft, B. A. & Hoyt, S. C. (eds.) (1983). Integrated Management of Insect Pests of Pome and Stone Fruits. Wiley-Interscience, New York

Cronin, J. T. & Strong, D. R. (1993). Substantially submaximal oviposition rates by a mymarid egg parasitoid in the laboratory and field. Ecology 74, 1813–1825CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Cronin, J. T. & Strong, D. R. (1994). Parasitoid interactions and their contribution to the stabilization of Auchenorrhyncha populations. In Planthoppers: Their Ecology and Management (eds. R. F. Denno & T. J. Perfect), pp. 400–428. Chapman & Hall, New YorkCrossRef

Crozier, R. H. (1975). Animal Cytogenetics. 3. Insecta. 7. Hymenoptera. Gebrüder Borntraeger, Berlin

Cutkomp, L. K., Peterson, A. G. & Hunter, P. E. (1958). DDT-resistance of the Colorado potato beetle. Journal of Economic Entomology 51, 828–831CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Darwin, C. (1859). On the Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life. Facsimile reprint, 1964, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass. John Murray, London

Darwin, C. (1958). Autobiography of Charles Darwin, 1809–1882: with original omissions restored/edited with appendix and notes by his grand-daughter, Nora Barlow. Collins, London

David, J. (1993). Criticism of the standard r–K dichotomy, with special reference to life histories of Diplopoda. Acta Œcologica 14, 129–139Google Scholar

Davis, D., Pellmyr, O. & Thompson, J. N. (1992). Biology and systematics of Greya Busck and Tetragma, new genus (Lepidoptera: Prodoxidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 524, 1–88CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Davis, M. A. (1981). The flight capacity of dispersing milkweed beetles, Tetraopes tetraophthalmus. Annals of the Entomological Society of America 74, 385–386CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Davis, M. A. (1984). The flight and migration ecology of the red milkweed beetle (Tetraopes tetraophthalmus). Ecology 65, 230–234CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Davis, M. A. (1986). Geographic patterns in the flight ability of a monophagous beetle. Oecologia 69, 407–412CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Dawkins, R. (1986). The Blind Watchmaker. Penguin, London

Barro, P. J. & Hart, P. J. (2000). Mating interactions between two biotypes of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in Australia. Bulletin of Entomological Research 90, 103–112CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Souza, K., Holt, J. & Colvin, J. (1995). Diapause, migration and pyrethroid-resistance dynamics in the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Ecological Entomology 20, 333–342CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Winter, A. J. (1995). Genetic control and evolution of acoustic signals in planthoppers (Homoptera: Delphacidae). Researches in Population Ecology 37, 99–104CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Winter, A. J. & Rollenhagen, T. (1990). The importance of male and female acoustic behaviour for reproductive isolation in Ribautodelphax planthoppers (Homoptera: Delphacidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 40, 191–206CrossRefGoogle Scholar

DeBach, P. (1951). The necessity for an ecological approach to pest control on citrus in California. Journal of Economic Entomology 44, 443–447CrossRefGoogle Scholar

DeBach, P. (1969). Uniparental, sibling and semi-species in relation to taxonomy and biological control. Israel Journal of Entomology 4, 11–28Google Scholar

DeBach, P. (1974). Biological Control by Natural Enemies. Cambridge University Press, London

DeBach, P., Fisher, T. W. & Landi, J. (1955). Some effects of meteorological factors on all stages of Aphytis lingnanensis, a parasite of the California red scale. Ecology 36, 743–751CrossRefGoogle Scholar

DeBach, P. & Rosen, D. (1991). Biological Control by Natural Enemies. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

DeLong, D. M. (1934). What shall be the objective in the training of an entomologist. Journal of Economic Entomology 27, 53–58CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Delucchi, V., Rosen, D. & Schlinger, E. I. (1976). Relationship of systematics to biological control. In Theory and Practice of Biological Control (eds. C. B. Huffaker & P. S. Messenger), pp. 81–91. Academic Press, New YorkCrossRef

Dempster, J. P. (1983). The natural control of populations of butterflies and moths. Biological Reviews 58, 461–481CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bieman, C. F. M. (1987). Host plant relations in the planthopper genus Ribautodelphax (Homoptera, Delphacidae). Ecological Entomology 12, 163–172CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Boer, P. J. (1970). On the significance of dispersal power for populations of Carabid-beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae). Oecologia 4, 1–28CrossRefGoogle Scholar

den Boer, P. J. (1979). Some remarks in retrospect. In On the Evolution of Behaviour in Carabid Beetles. Miscellaneous Papers 18 (1979), Agricultural University of Wageningen, The Netherlands (eds. P. J. den Boer, H. U. Thiele & F. Weber), pp. 213–222. H. Veenman and B. V. Zonen, Wageningen/Zoological Institute of the University of Cologne

Boer, P. J. (1990a). Reaction to J. Latto and C. Bernstein: regulation in natural insect populations: reality or illusion?ActaŒcologica 11, 131–133Google Scholar

Boer, P. J. (1990b). The survival value of dispersal in terrestrial arthropods. Biological Conservation 54, 175–192CrossRefGoogle Scholar

den Boer, P. J. & Reddingius, J. (1996). Regulation and Stabilization Paradigms in Population Ecology. Chapman & Hall, London

den Hollander, J. (1995). Acoustic signals as Specific-Mate Recognition Signals in leafhoppers (Cicadellidae) and planthoppers (Delphacidae) (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha). In Speciation and the Recognition Concept: Theory and Application (eds. D. M. Lambert & H. G. Spencer), pp. 440–463. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore

Denno, R. F. & Perfect, T. J. (1994). Planthoppers: Their Ecology and Management. Plenum Press, New York

Denno, R. F., Schauff, M. E., Wilson, S. W. & Olmstead, K. L. (1987). Practical diagnosis and natural history of two sibling salt marsh-inhabiting planthoppers in the genus Prokelisia (Homoptera: Delphacidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 89, 687–700Google Scholar

Dent, D. (1991). Insect Pest Management. CAB International, Wallingford

Dent, D. R. (1997). Methods in Ecological and Agricultural Entomology. CAB International, Wallingford

Dent, D. (2000). Insect Pest Management, 2nd edn. CAB International, Wallingford

Dingle, H. (1996). Migration: The Biology of Life on the Move. Oxford University Press, New York

Dobzhansky, T. (1951). Genetics and the Origin of Species. Columbia University Press, New York

Dobzhansky, T. (1970). Genetics of the Evolutionary Process. Columbia University Press, New York

Donaldson, J. S. & Walter, G. H. (1988). Effects of egg availability and egg maturity on the ovipositional activity of the parasitic wasp, Coccophagus atratus. Physiological Entomology 13, 407–417CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Doutt, R. L. (1958). Vice, virtue and the vedalia. Bulletin of the Entomological Society of America 4, 119–123CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Doutt, R. L. & Nakata, J. (1973). The Rubus leafhopper and its egg parasitoid: an endemic biotic system useful in grape-pest management. Environmental Entomology 2, 381–386CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Downs, E. W. & Lemmer, G. F. (1965). Origins of aerial crop dusting. Agricultural History 39, 123–135Google Scholar

Drake, V. A., Gatehouse, A. G. & Farrow, R. A. (1995). Insect migration: a holistic conceptual model. In Insect Migration (eds. V. A. Drake & A. G. Gatehouse), pp. 427–457. Cambridge University Press, CambridgeCrossRef

Drès, M. & Mallet, J. (2002). Host races in plant-feeding insects and their importance in sympatric speciation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 357, 471–492CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Drew, G. S. (1994). The scientific method revisited. Conservation Biology 8, 596–597CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Drew, R. A. I. & Hancock, D. L. (1994). The Bactrocera dorsalis complex of fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae) in Asia. Bulletin of Entomological Research Supplement No. 2, 1–68CrossRef

Dubos, R. J. (1951). Louis Pasteur: Free Lance of Science. Victor Gollancz, London

Dubos, R. (1988). Pasteur and Modern Science. Science Tech Publishers/Springer-Verlag, Berlin

Duffy, J. E. (1996). Species boundaries, specialization, and the radiation of sponge-dwelling alpheid shrimp. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 58, 307–324CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dunlap, T. R. (1981). DDT: Scientists, Citizens, and Public Policy. Princeton University Press, Princeton

Dusenbery, D. B. (1992). Sensory Ecology: How Organisms Acquire and Respond to Information. W. H. Freeman, New York

Dyer, L. A. & Floyd, T. (1993). Determinants of predation on phytophagous insects: the importance of diet breadth. Oecologia 96, 575–582CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Ehler, L. E. (1990). Introduction strategies in biological control of insects. In Critical Issues in Biological Control (eds. M. Mackauer, L. E. Ehler & J. Roland), pp. 111–134. Intercept, Andover

Ehler, L. E. (1991). Planned introductions in biological control. In Assessing Ecological Risks of Biotechnology (ed. L. R. Ginzburg), pp. 21–39. Butterworth-Heinemann, BostonCrossRef

Ehler, L. E. (1994). Parasitoid communities, parasitoid guilds, and biological control. In Parasitoid Community Ecology (eds. B. A. Hawkins & W. Sheehan), pp. 418–436. Oxford University Press, Oxford

Ehler, L. E. & Bottrell, D. G. (2000). The illusion of Integrated Pest Management. Issues in Science and Technology 16, 61–64Google Scholar

Ehler, L. E. & Hall, R. W. (1982). Evidence for competitive exclusion of introduced natural enemies in biological control. Environmental Entomology 11, 1–4CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ehrlich, P. R. & Raven, P. H. (1964). Butterflies and plants: a study in coevolution. Evolution 18, 586–608CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Eldredge, N. (1985). Unfinished Synthesis. Oxford University Press, New York

Ellegård, A. (1958). Darwin and the General Reader: The Reception of Darwin's Theory of Evolution in the British Periodical Press, 1859–1872. Goteborg University Press, Goteborg

Emmet, E. R. (1968). Learning to Philosophize. Penguin, Harmondsworth

Farrow, R. A. (1981). Aerial dispersal of Scelio fulgidus (Hym.: Scelionidae), parasite of eggs of locusts and grasshoppers (Ort.: Acrididae). Entomophaga 26, 349–355CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Feder, J. L., Berlocher, S. H. & Opp, S. B. (1998). Sympatric host-race formation and speciation in Rhagoletis (Diptera: Tephritidae): a tale of two species for Charles D. In Genetic Structure and Local Adaptation in Natural Insect Populations: Effects of Ecology, Life History, and Behavior (eds. S. Mopper & S. Y. Strauss), pp. 408–441. Chapman & Hall, New YorkCrossRef

Feder, J. L., Chilcote, C. A. & Bush, G. L. (1988). Genetic differentiation between sympatric host races of the apple maggot fly Rhagoletis pomonella. Nature 336, 61–64CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fernando, L. C. P. (1993). Ovarian status, activity patterns and ecology of Aphytis lingnanensis Compere in Queensland citrus. Unpublished PhD thesis. University of Queensland

Fernando, L. C. P. & Walter, G. H. (1997). Species status of two host-associated populations of Aphytis lingnanensis (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) in citrus. Bulletin of Entomological Research 87, 137–144CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fernando, L. C. P. & Walter, G. H. (1999). Activity patterns and oviposition rates of Aphytis lingnanensis females, a parasitoid of California red scale Aonidiella aurantii: implications for successful biological control. Ecological Entomology 24, 416–425CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ferro, D. N. (1987). Insect pest outbreaks in agroecosystems. In Insect Outbreaks (eds. P. Barbosa & J. C. Schultz), pp. 195–215. Academic Press, LondonCrossRef

Feyerabend, P. (1970). Consolations for the specialist. In Criticism and the Growth of Knowledge (eds. I. Lakatos & A. Musgrave), pp. 197–230. Cambridge University Press, CambridgeCrossRef

Fitt, G. P. (1986a). The influence of a shortage of hosts on the specificity of oviposition behaviour in species of Dacus (Diptera, Tephritidae). Physiological Entomology 11, 133–143CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fitt, G. P. (1986b). The roles of adult and larval specialisations in limiting the occurrence of five species of Dacus (Diptera: Tephritidae) in cultivated fruits. Oecologia 69, 101–109CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fitt, G. P. (1989). The ecology of Heliothis species in relation to agroecosystems. Annual Review of Entomology 34, 17–52CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fitt, G. P. (1991). Host selection in the Heliothinae. In Reproductive Behaviour of Insects (eds. W. J. Bailey & J. Ridsdill-Smith), pp. 172–201. Chapman & Hall, London

Flanders, S. E. (1953). Variations in susceptibility of citrus-infesting Coccids to parasitization. Journal of Economic Entomology 46, 266–269CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Flint, M. L. & van den Bosch, R. (1981). Introduction to Integrated Pest Management. Plenum Press, New York

Foelix, R. F. (1996). Biology of Spiders, 2nd edn. Oxford University Press, Oxford

Follett, P. A. & Roderick, G. K. (1996). Genetic estimates of dispersal ability in the leucaena psyllid predator Curinus coeruleus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae): implications for biological control. Bulletin of Entomological Research 86, 355–361CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Foottit, R. G. (1997). Recognition of parthenogenetic insect species. In Species: The Units of Biodiversity (eds. M. F. Claridge, H. A. Dawah & M. R. Wilson), pp. 291–307. Chapman & Hall, London

Forbes, S. A. (1887). The lake as a microcosm. Bulletin of the Science Association of Peoria, Illinois [1887], 77–87. Reprinted in Real, L. A. & Brown, J. H. (1991). Foundations of Ecology: Classic Papers with Commentaries, pp. 14–27. University of Chicago Press, Chicago

Ford, J. (1974). Concepts of subspecies and hybrid zones, and their application in Australian ornithology. Emu 74, 113–123CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ford, M. J. (1982). The Changing Climate. George Allen and Unwin, London

Forno, I. W. & Harley, K. L. S. (1979). The occurrence of Salvinia molesta in Brazil. Aquatic Botany 6, 185–187CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Forrester, N. W., Cahill, M., Bird, L. J. & Layland, J. K. (1993). Management of pyrethroid and endosulfan resistance in Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Australia. Bulletin of Entomological Research – Supplement Series 1, i–132Google Scholar

Fox, C. H. (1994). If it ain't fixed, don't break …. Nature 369, 602CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Fox, L. R. & Morrow, P. A. (1981). Specialization: species property or local phenomenon?Science 211, 887–893CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Fraenkel, G. S. (1959). The raison d'etre of secondary plant substances. Science 129, 1466–1470CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Fryer, G. (1996). Reflections on arthropod evolution. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 58, 1–55CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Futuyma, D. J. (1987). On the role of species in anagenesis. American Naturalist 130, 465–473CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Futuyma, D. J. (1991). Evolution of host specificity in herbivorous insects: genetic, ecological, and phylogenetic aspects. In Plant–Animal Interactions: Evolutionary Ecology in Tropical and Temperate Regions (eds. P. W. Price, T. M. Lewinsohn, G. W. Fernandes & W. W. Benson), pp. 431–454. John Wiley, New York

Futuyma, D. J., Keese, M. C. & Funk, D. J. (1995). Genetic constraints on macroevolution – the evolution of host affiliation in the leaf beetle genus Ophraella. Evolution 49, 797–809CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Futuyma, D. J., Keese, M. C. & Scheffer, S. J. (1993). Genetic constraints and the phylogeny of insect–plant associations: responses of Ophraella communa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to host plants of its congeners. Evolution 47, 888–905CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Futuyma, D. J. & Mayer, G. C. (1980). Non-allopatric speciation in animals. Systematic Zoology 29, 254–271CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Futuyma, D. J. & Peterson, S. C. (1985). Genetic variation in the use of resources by insects. Annual Review of Entomology 30, 217–238CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gallo, R. C. & Montagnier, L. (1987). The chronology of AIDS research. Nature 326, 435–436Google ScholarPubMed

Gaston, K. J. & Lawton, J. H. (1988). Patterns in body size, population dynamics, and regional distribution of bracken herbivores. American Naturalist 132, 662–680CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gilkeson, L. A. & Hill, S. B. (1986). Diapause prevention in Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) by low-intensity light. Environmental Entomology 15, 1067–1069CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gillham, M. C. & Vrijer, P. W. F. (1995). Patterns of variation in the acoustic calling signals of Chloriona planthoppers (Homoptera: Delphacidae) coexisting on the common reed Phragmites australis. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 54, 245–269CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gleason, H. A. (1926). The individualistic concept of the plant association. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 53, 7–26CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gleason, H. A. (1939). The individualistic concept of the plant association. American Midland Naturalist 21, 92–110CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Godfray, H. C. J. (1994). Parasitoids: Behavioral and Evolutionary Ecology. Princeton University Press, Princeton

Godfray, H. C. J. & Hunter, M. S. (1994). Heteronomous hyperparasitoids, sex ratios and adaptations: a reply. Ecological Entomology 19, 93–95CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Godfray, H. C. J. & Waage, J. K. (1991). Predictive modelling in biological control: the mango mealy bug (Rastrococcus invadens) and its parasitoids. Journal of Applied Ecology 28, 434–453CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gokhman, V. E., Timokhov, A. V. & Fedina, T. Y. (1998). First evidence for sibling species in Anisopteromalus calandrae. Russian Entomological Journal 7, 157–162Google Scholar

Gombrich, E. H. (1977). Art and Illusion: A Study in the Psychology of Pictorial Representation, 5th edn. Phaidon Press, London

Gonzalez Sierra, G., Penas Merino, A. & Alonso-Herrero, E. (1996). Phenology of Hyacinthoides non-scripta (L.) Chouard, Melittis melissophyllum L. and Symphytum tuberosum L. in two deciduous forests in the Cantabrian mountains, Northwest Spain. Vegetatio 122, 69–82CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gordh, G. & DeBach, P. (1978). Courtship behaviour in the Aphytis lingnanensis group, its potential usefulness in taxonomy, and a review of sexual behavior in the parasitic Hymenoptera (Chalcidoidea: Aphelinidae). Hilgardia 46, 37–75CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gordon, D. H. & Watson, C. R. B. (1986). Identification of cryptic species of rodents (Mastomys, Aethomys, Saccostomus) in the Kruger National Park. South African Journal of Science 21, 95–99Google Scholar

Gould, F. (1998). Sustainability of transgenic insecticidal cultivars: integrating pest genetics and ecology. Annual Review of Entomology 43, 701–726CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Gould, S. J. & Lewontin, R. C. (1979). The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 205, 581–598CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Goyer, R. A., Paine, T. D., Pashley, D. P., Lenhard, G. J., Meeker, J. R. & Hanlon, C. C. (1995). Geographic and host-associated differentiation in the fruittree leafroller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 88, 391–396CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Graham, R. W., Lundelius, E. L. Jr., Graham, M. A.et al. (1996). Spatial response of mammals to late quaternary environmental fluctuations. Science 272, 1601–1606Google ScholarPubMed

Grant, J. A. (1997). IPM techniques for greenhouse crops. In Techniques for Reducing Pesticide Use: Economic and Environmental Benefits (ed. D. Pimentel), pp. 399–406. John Wiley, Chichester

Grant, P. R. (1975). The classical case of character displacement. In Evolutionary Biology, vol. 8 (eds. T. Dobzhansky, M. K. Hecht & W. C. Steere), pp. 237–337. Plenum Press, New York

Greathead, D. J. (1986). Parasitoids in classical biological control. In Insect Parasitoids (eds. J. Waage & D. J. Greathead), pp. 289–318. Academic Press, London

Greathead, D. J. (1994). History of biological control. Antenna 18, 187–199Google Scholar

Green, C. A., Gordon, D. H. & Lyons, N. F. (1972). Biological species in Praomys (Mastomys) natalensis (Smith), a rodent carrier of Lassa virus and bubonic plague in Africa. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 27, 627–629CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Green, C. A. & Hunt, R. H. (1980). Interpretation of variation in ovarian polytene chromosomes of Anopheles funestus Giles, A. parensis Gillies and A. aruni. Genetica 51, 187–195CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gregg, P. C. (1994). Migration of cotton pests: patterns and implications for management. In World Cotton Research Conference No. 1, vol. 1 (eds. G. A. Constable & N. W. Forrester), pp. 423–433. CSIRO, Brisbane

Greig-Smith, P. (1986). Chaos or order – organization. In Community Ecology: Pattern and Process (eds. J. Kikkawa & D. J. Anderson), pp. 19–29. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford

Grimm, V. (1996). A down-to-earth assessment of stability concepts in ecology: dreams, demands, and the real problems. Seckenbergiana Maritima 27, 215–226Google Scholar

Grimm, V. & Wissel, C. (1997). Babel, or the ecological stability discussions: an inventory and analysis of terminology and a guide for avoiding confusion. Oecologia 109, 323–334CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Grmek, M. D. (1990). History of AIDS: Emergence and Origin of a Modern Pandemic. Princeton University Press, Princeton

Groth, J. G. (1988). Resolution of cryptic species in Appalachian red crossbills. Condor 90, 745–760CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gu, H., Cao, A. & Walter, G. H. (2001). Host selection and utilisation of Sonchus oleraceus (Asteraceae) by Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): a genetic analysis. Annals of Applied Biology 138, 293–299CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gu, H. & Walter, G. H. (1999). Is the common sowthistle (Sonchus oleraceus) a primary host plant of the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Lep., Noctuidae)? Oviposition and larval performance. Journal of Applied Entomology 123, 99–105CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hagen, K. S. & Franz, J. M. (1973). A history of biological control. In History of Entomology (eds. R. F. Smith, T. E. Mittler & C. N. Smith), pp. 433–476. Annual Reviews, Palo Alto

Hamilton, R. M. S. & Chiswell, B. (1987). Section A: The nature and development of scientific knowledge. In The Origins of Modern Science. Unpublished notes for course HT155 of the School of External Studies and Continuing Education. University of Queensland, Brisbane

Hampshire, S. (1956). The Age of Reason: The 17th Century Philosophers – Selected, with Introduction and Interpretive Commentary by Stuart Hampshire. New American Library, New York

Harley, K. L. S. & Forno, I. W. (1992). Biological Control of Weeds: A Handbook for Practitioners and Students. Inkata Press, Melbourne

Harpaz, I. (1973). Early entomology in the Middle East. In History of Entomology (eds. R. F. Smith, T. E. Mittler & C. N. Smith), pp. 21–36. Annual Reviews, Palo Alto

Harris, C. L. (1981). Evolution: Genesis and Revelations, with Readings from Empedocles to Wilson. State University of New York Press, Albany

Harris, M. (2000). Impact of integrated pest management on academia in entomology in the United States. American Entomologist 46, 217–220CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Harris, M. K. (2001). IPM: What has it delivered?Plant Disease 85, 112–121CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Harris, V. E. & Todd, J. W. (1980). Male-mediated aggregation of male, female and 5th-instar southern green stink bugs and concomitant attraction of a tachinid parasite, Trichopoda pennipes. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 27, 117–126CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Harrison, S. (1997). Persistent, localized outbreaks in the western tussock moth Orgyia vetusta: the roles of resource quality, predation and poor dispersal. Ecological Entomology 22, 158–166CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Harwood, J. D., Sunderland, K. D. & Symondson, W. O. C. (2001). Living where the food is: web location by linyphiid spiders in relation to prey availability in winter wheat. Journal of Animal Ecology 38, 88–99CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hassell, M. P. (1976). The Dynamics of Competition and Predation. Camelot Press, Southampton

Hassell, M. P. (1978). The Dynamics of Arthropod Predator–Prey Systems. Princeton University Press, Princeton

Hassell, M. P. (1985). Insect natural enemies as regulating factors. Journal of Animal Ecology 54, 323–334CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hassell, M. P. (1986). Parasitoids and population regulation. In Insect Parasitoids (eds. J. Waage & D. J. Greathead), pp. 201–224. Academic Press, London

Hassell, M. P. & Godfray, H. C. J. (1992). The population biology of insect parasitoids. In Natural Enemies: The Population Biology of Predators, Parasites and Diseases (ed. M. J. Crawley), pp. 265–292. Blackwell Scientific Publications, OxfordCrossRef

Hassell, M. P. & May, R. M. (1985). From individual behaviour to population dynamics. In Behavioural Ecology: Ecological Consequences of Adaptive Behaviour. 25th Symposium of the British Ecological Society, Reading, 1984 (eds. R. M. Sibly & R. H. Smith), pp. 3–32. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford

Hassell, M. P. & Southwood, T. R. E. (1978). Foraging strategies of insects. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 9, 75–98CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hauser, C. L. (1987). The debate about the biological species concept – a review. Zeitschrift für Zoologische Systematik und Evolutionsforschung 25, 241–257CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hawkins, B. A. (1993). Parasitoid species richness, host mortality, and biological control. American Naturalist 141, 634–641CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hawkins, B. A., Thomas, M. B. & Hochberg, M. E. (1993). Refuge theory and biological control. Science 262, 1429–1432CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Heck, K. L. (1976). Some critical considerations of the theory of species packing. Evolutionary Theory 1, 247–258Google Scholar

Heimpel, G. E. & Rosenheim, J. A. (1998). Egg limitation in parasitoids: a review of the evidence and a case study. Biological Control 11, 160–168CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Henderson, N. R. & Lambert, D. M. (1982). No significant deviation from random mating of worldwide populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Nature 300, 437–440CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hengeveld, R. (1988). Mayr's ecological species criterion. Systematic Zoology 37, 47–55CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hengeveld, R. (1990). Dynamic Biogeography. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

Hengeveld, R. (1992). Potential and limitations of predicting invasion rates. Florida Entomologist 75, 60–72CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hengeveld, R. (1997). Impact of biogeography on a population-biological paradigm shift. Journal of Biogeography 24, 541–547CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hengeveld, R. (1999). Modelling the impact of biological invasions. In Invasive Species and Biodiversity Management (eds. O. T. Sandlund, P. J. Schei & A. Viken), pp. 127–138. Kluwer Academic Publishers, DordrechtCrossRef

Hengeveld, R. & Walter, G. H. (1999). The two coexisting ecological paradigms. Acta Biotheoretica 47, 141–170CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hilborn, R. & Ludwig, D. (1993). The limits of applied ecological research. Ecological Applications 3, 550–552Google ScholarPubMed

Hilborn, R. & Stearns, S. C. (1982). On inference in ecology and evolutionary biology: the problem of multiple causes. Acta Biotheoretica 31, 145–164CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hill, S. & Turpin, T. (1994). Cultures in collision: the emergence of a new localism in academic research. In Shifting Contexts: Transformations in Anthropological Knowledge (ed. M. Strathern), pp. 131–152. Routledge, London

Hobsbawm, E. (1994). Age of Extremes: The Short Twentieth Century 1914–1991. Abacus, London

Hochberg, M. E. & Hawkins, B. A. (1992). Refuges as a predictor of parasitoid diversity. Science 255, 973–976CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hochberg, M. E. & Hawkins, B. A. (1993). Predicting parasitoid species richness. American Naturalist 142, 671–693CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hodek, I. (1996). Food relationships. In Ecology of Coccinellidae, vol. 54. Dr W. Junk Series Entomologica (eds. I. Hodek & A. Honek), pp. 143–238. Kluwer Academic Publishers, DordrechtCrossRef

Hokkanen, H. M. T. (1997). Role of biological control and transgenic crops in reducing use of chemical pesticides for crop protection. In Techniques for Reducing Pesticide Use (ed. D. Pimentel), pp. 103–127. John Wiley, Chichester

Hokkanen, H. & Pimentel, D. (1984). New approach for selecting biological control agents. Canadian Entomologist 116, 1109–1121CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Holldobler, B. & Wilson, E. O. (1990). The Ants. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass

Holliday, N. J. (1977). Population ecology of winter moth (Operophtera brumata) on apple in relation to larval dispersal and time of bud burst. Journal of Applied Ecology 14, 803–813CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Holliday, N. J. (1985). Maintenance of the phenology of the winter moth. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 25, 221–234CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Holt, R. D. & Hochberg, M. E. (1997). When is biological control evolutionarily stable (or is it)?Ecology 78, 1673–1683CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Holton, G. (1993). Science and Anti-Science. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass

Horgan, J. (1996). The End of Science: Facing the Limits of Knowledge in the Twilight of the Scientific Age. Little, Brown and Company, London

Horn, D. J. & Dowell, R. V. (1979). Parasitoid ecology and biological control in ephemeral crops. In Analysis of Ecological Systems (eds. D. J. Horn, G. R. Stairs & R. D. Mitchell), pp. 281–306. Ohio State University Press, Columbus

Howard, W. E. (1960). Innate and environmental dispersal of individual vertebrates. American Midland Naturalist 63, 152–161CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Howarth, F. J. (1991). Environmental impacts of classical biological control. Annual Review of Entomology 36, 485–509CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hoy, M. A. (1990). Genetic improvement of arthropod natural enemies: becoming a conventional tactic? In New Directions in Biological Control: Alternatives for Suppressing Agricultural Pests and Diseases (eds. R. R. Baker & P. E. Dunn), pp. 405–417. Alan R. Liss, New York

Hsiao, T. H. (1978). Host plant adaptation among geographic populations of the Colorado potato beetle. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 24, 237–247CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Huang, H. T. & Yang, P. (1987). The ancient cultured citrus ant. BioScience 37, 665–671CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Huber, F. (1985). Approaches to insect behavior of interest to both neurobiologists and behavioral ecologists. Florida Entomologist 68, 52–78CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Huffaker, C. B. & Kennett, C. E. (1966). IV. Biological control of Parlatoria oleae (Colvee) through the compensatory action of two introduced parasites. Hilgardia 37, 283–335CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hughes, A. J. & Lambert, D. M. (1984). Functionalism, structuralism and “ways of seeing”. Journal of Theoretical Biology 111, 787–800CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hughes, R. D. (1981). The Australian bushfly: a climate-dominated nuisance pest of man. In The Ecology of Pests: Some Australian Case Histories (eds. R. L. Kitching & R. E. Jones), pp. 177–191. CSIRO, Melbourne

Hull, D. L. (1988). Science as a Process. University of Chicago Press, Chicago

Hunt, R. H., Coetzee, M. & Fettene, M. (1998). The Anopheles gambiae complex: a new species from Ethiopia. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 92, 231–235CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Huntley, B. (1991). How plants respond to climate change: migration rates, individualism and the consequences for plant communities. Annals of Botany 67, 15–22CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hurst, L. D., Hamilton, W. D. & Ladle, R. J. (1992). Covert sex. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 7, 144–145CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hutchinson, G. E. (1948). Circular causal systems in ecology. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 50, 221–246CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Itami, J. K., Craig, T. P. & Horner, J. D. (1998). Factors affecting gene flow between the host races of Eurosta solidaginis. In Genetic Structure and Local Adaptation in Natural Insect Populations: Effects of Ecology, Life History, and Behavior (eds. S. Mopper & S. Y. Strauss), pp. 375–407. Chapman & Hall, New YorkCrossRef

Jaenike, J. (1981). Criteria for ascertaining the existence of host races. American Naturalist 117, 830–834CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Janz, N., Nyblom, K. & Nylin, S. (2001). Evolutionary dynamics of host-plant specialization: a case study of the tribe Nymphalini. Evolution 55, 783–796CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Jermy, T. (1984). Evolution of insect/host plant relationships. American Naturalist 124, 609–630CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jervis, M. A. & Copland, M. J. W. (1996). The life cycle. In Insect Natural Enemies: Practical Approaches to their Study and Evaluation (eds. M. A. Jervis & N. Kidd), pp. 63–161. Chapman & Hall, LondonCrossRef

Jones, D. P. (1973). Agricultural entomology. In History of Entomology (eds. R. F. Smith, T. E. Mittler & C. N. Smith), pp. 307–332. Annual Reviews, Palo Alto

Jones, O. T. (1994). The academia–Industry continuum. Antenna 18, 58–62Google Scholar

Jones, R. E. (1981). The cabbage butterfly, Pieris rapae L.: ‘a just sense of how not to fly’. In The Ecology of Pests: Some Australian Case Histories (eds. R. L. Kitching & R. E. Jones), pp. 217–228. CSIRO, Melbourne

Jones, R. E. & Kitching, R. L. (1981). Why an ecology of pests. In The Ecology of Pests: Some Australian Case Histories (eds. R. E. Jones & R. L. Kitching), pp. 1–5. CSIRO, Melbourne

Jones, T. H., Godfray, H. C. J. & Hassell, M. P. (1996). Relative movement patterns of a tephritid fly and its parasitoid wasps. Oecologia 106, 317–324CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Jones, V. P. (1995). Reassessment of the role of predators and Trissolcus basalis in biological control of southern green stink bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) in Hawaii. Biological Control 5, 566–572CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Judson, O. P. & Normark, B. B. (1996). Ancient asexual scandals. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 11, 41–45CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kambhampati, S., Black, W. C., IV & Rai, K. S. (1992). Random amplified polymorphic DNA of mosquito species and populations (Diptera: Culicidae): techniques, statistical analysis and applications. Journal of Medical Entomology 29, 939–945CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kaminer, B. (1988). On Albert Szent-Gyorgyi. Biological Bulletin 174, 192–213Google Scholar

Kareiva, P. (1990). Establishing a foothold for theory in biocontrol practice: using models to guide experimental design and release protocols. In New Directions in Biological Control: Alternatives for Suppressing Agricultural Pests and Diseases (eds. R. R. Baker & P. E. Dunn), pp. 65–81. Alan R. Liss, New York

Kareiva, P. (1994). Ecological theory and endangered species. Ecology 757, 583CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kassen, R. (2002). The experimental evolution of specialists, generalists and the maintenance of diversity. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 15, 173–190CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Keller, A. (1985). Has science created technology?Minerva 22, 160–182CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Keller, M. A. (1984). Reassessing evidence for competitive exclusion of introduced natural enemies. Environmental Entomology 13, 192–195CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kennedy, G. G. & Storer, N. P. (2000). Life systems of polyphagous arthropod pests in temporally unstable cropping systems. Annual Review of Entomology 45, 467–493CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kennedy, G. G. & Sutton, T. B. (2000). Emerging Technologies for Integrated Pest Management: Concepts, Research, and Implementation. American Phytopathological Society, St Paul, Minn

Kennedy, J. S. (1967). Behaviour as physiology. In Insects and Physiology (eds. J. W. L. Beament & J. E. Treherne), pp. 249–265. Oliver and Boyd, Edinburgh

Kennedy, J. S. (1992). The New Anthropomorphism. Cambridge University Press, New York

Kfir, R. (1994). Attempts at biological control of the stem borer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in South Africa. African Entomology 2, 67–68Google Scholar

Kimura, M. T., Beppu, K., Ichijô, N. & Toda, M. J. (1978). Bionomics of Drosophilidae (Diptera) in Hokkaido. II. Drosophila testacea. KontyÛ 46, 585–595Google Scholar

King, W. V. & Gahan, J. B. (1949). Failure of DDT to control house flies. Journal of Economic Entomology 42, 405–409CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kirsch, J. A. W. & Poole, W. E. (1967). Serological evidence for speciation in the grey kangaroo, Macropus giganteus Shaw, 1790 (Marsupialia: Macropodidae). Nature 215, 1097CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kisimoto, R. (1976). Synoptic weather conditions inducing long-distance immigration of planthoppers, Sogatella furcifera Horvath and Nilaparvata lugens (Stål). Ecological Entomology 1, 95–109CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kisimoto, R. & Rosenberg, L. J. (1994). Long-distance migration in delphacid planthoppers. In Planthoppers: Their Ecology and Management (eds. R. F. Denno & T. J. Perfect), pp. 302–322. Chapman & Hall, New YorkCrossRef

Kisimoto, R. & Sogawa, K. (1995). Migration of the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens and the white-backed planthopper Sogatella furcifera in East Asia: the role of weather and climate. In Insect Migration (eds. V. A. Drake & A. G. Gatehouse), pp. 67–91. Cambridge University Press, CambridgeCrossRef

Kitaysky, A. S. & Golubova, E. G. (2000). Climate change causes contrasting trends in reproductive performance of planktivorous and piscivorous alcids. Journal of Animal Ecology 69, 248–262CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kitching, R. L. (1981). The geography of the Australian Papilionoidea. In Ecological Biogeography of Australia, vol. 2, part 3, Terrestrial Invertebrates (ed. A. Keast), pp. 977–1005. W. Junk, The HagueCrossRef

Klemm, M. (1959). Entomologie und Pflanzenschutz in China. Nachrichtenblatt des Deutschen Pflanzenschutzdienstes der Braunschweig 11, 121–124Google Scholar

Kmiec, E. (1999). Gene therapy. American Scientist 87, 240–248CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Knowles, L. L., Futuyma, D. J., Eanes, W. F. & Rannala, B. (1999). Insight into speciation from historical demography in the phytophagous beetle genus Ophraella. Evolution 53, 1846–1856CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Knowlton, N. & Jackson, J. B. C. (1994). New taxonomy and niche partitioning on coral reefs: jack of all trades or master of some. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 9, 7–9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Knox, A. G. (1992). Species and pseudospecies: the structure of Crossbill populations. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 47, 325–335CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Knox, B., Ladiges, P., Evans, B. & Saint, R. (2001). Biology, 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill Australia, Roseville

Kogan, M. (1988). Integrated pest management theory and practice. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 49, 59–70CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kogan, M. (1996). Areawide management of major pests: is the concept applicable to the Bemisia complex? In Bemisia 1995: Taxonomy, Biology, Damage, Control and Management (eds. D. Gerling & R. T. Mayer), pp. 643–657. Intercept, Andover

Kogan, M. (1998). Integrated pest management: historical perspectives and contemporary developments. Annual Review of Entomology 43, 243–270CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kogan, M. (1999). Integrated Pest Management: constructive criticism or revisionism. Phytoparasitica 27, 93–96CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kokkinn, M. J. & Davis, A. R. (1986). Secondary production: shooting a halcyon for its feathers. In Limnology in Australia (eds. P. de Dekker & W. D. Williams), pp. 251–261. CSIRO & Junk, East MelbourneCrossRef

Konishi, M. & Ito, Y. (1973). Early entomology in East Asia. In History of Entomology (eds. R. F. Smith, T. E. Mittler & C. N. Smith), pp. 1–20. Annual Reviews, Palo Alto

Krebs, C. J. (1995). Two paradigms of population regulation. Wildlife Research 22, 1–10CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kuhn, T. S. (1962). Historical structure of scientific discovery. Science 136, 760–764CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kutchan, T. M. (2001). Ecological arsenal and developmental dispatcher: the paradigm of secondary metabolism. Plant Physiology 125, 58–60CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Labeyrie, V. (1988). Scientific and artistic research in applied entomology. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 49, 17–24CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lambert, D. M., Centner, M. R. & Paterson, H. E. H. (1984). Simulation of the conditions necessary for the evolution of species by reinforcement. South African Journal of Science 80, 308–311Google Scholar

Lambert, D. M., Michaux, B. & White, C. S. (1987). Are species self-defining?Systematic Zoology 36, 196–205CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lambert, D. M. & Millar, C. D. (1995). DNA science and conservation. Pacific Conservation Biology 2, 21–38CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lambert, D. M. & Paterson, H. E. H. (1982). Morphological resemblance and its relationship to genetic distance measures. Evolutionary Theory 5, 291–300Google Scholar

Lambert, D. M. & Spencer, H. G. (1995). Speciation and the Recognition Concept: Theory and Application. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore

Lane, S. D., Mills, N. J. & Getz, W. M. (1999). The effects of parasitoid fecundity and host taxon on the biological control of insect pests: the relationship between theory and data. Ecological Entomology 24, 181–190CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Larsen, L. M., Nielsen, J. K. & S⊘rensen, H. (1992). Host plant recognition in monophagous weevils: specialization of Ceutorhynchus inaffectatus to glucosinolates from its host plant Hesperis matronalis. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 64, 49–55CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Larsson, S. & Ekbom, B. (1995). Oviposition mistakes in herbivorous insects – confusion or a step towards a new host plant?Oikos 72, 155–160CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lawton, J. H. (1986). The effect of parasitoids on phytophagous insect communities. In Insect Parasitoids (eds. J. Waage & D. Greathead), pp. 265–287. Academic Press, London

Lawton, J. H. (1989). Book Review: ‘Disentangling the bank’. Nature 339, 517CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lawton, J. H. (1991). Ecology as she is done, and could be done. Oikos 16, 289–290CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lawton, J. H. & Strong, D. R. (1981). Community patterns and competition in folivorous insects. American Naturalist 118, 317–338CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Leather, S. R. (1991). Feeding specialisation and host distribution of British and Finnish Prunus feeding macrolepidoptera. Oikos 60, 40–48CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lemon, R. W. (1994). Insecticide resistance. Journal of Agricultural Science 122, 329–333CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lensink, R. (1997). Range expansion of raptors in Britain and the Netherlands since the 1960s: testing an individual-based diffusion model. Journal of Animal Ecology 66, 811–826CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lewin, R. (1986). Supply-side ecology. Science 234, 25–27CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Lewis, W. J., Jones, R. L., Gross, H. R. J. & Norlund, D. A. (1976). The role of kairomones and other behavioral chemicals in host finding by parasitic insects. Behavioural Biology 16, 267–289CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Lewis, W. J. & Norlund, D. A. (1984). Behaviour-modifying chemicals to enhance natural enemy effectiveness. In Biological Control in Agricultural IPM Systems (eds. M. A. Hoy & D. C. Herzog), pp. 89–100. Academic Press, London

Lewis, W. J., Vet, L. E. M., Tumlinson, J. H., Lenteren, J. C. & Papaj, D. R. (1990). Variations in parasitoid foraging behavior: essential element of a sound biological control theory. Environmental Entomology 19, 1183–1193CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lewontin, R. C. (1978). Adaptation. Scientific American 239, 212–230CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Lewontin, R. C. (1991). Biology as Ideology: The Doctrine of DNA. HarperPerennial, New York

Lima, S. L. & Zollner, P. A. (1996). Towards a behavioral ecology of ecological landscapes. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 11, 131–135CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Lindeman, R. L. (1942). The trophic–dynamic aspect of ecology. Ecology 23, 399–418CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lindquist, D. A., Butt, B., Feldmann, U., Gingrich, R. E. & Economopoulos, A. (1990). Current status and future prospects for genetic methods of insect control or eradication. In Pesticides and Alternatives: Innovative Chemical and Biological Approaches to Pest Control (ed. J. E. Casida), pp. 69–88. Elsevier, New York

Lindsay, D. R. (1986). The training of agricultural scientists. In Science for Agriculture: The Way Ahead (ed. L. W. Martinelli), pp. 145–151. Australian Institute of Agricultural Science, Melbourne

Linn, C. E., Young, M. S., Gendle, M., Glover, T. J. & Roelofs, W. L. (1997). Sex pheromone blend discrimination in two races and hybrids of the European corn borer moth, Ostrinia nubilalis. Physiological Entomology 22, 212–223Google Scholar

Liss, W. J., Gut, L. J., Westigard, P. H. & Warren, C. E. (1986). Perspectives on arthropod community structure, organization, and development in agricultural crops. Annual Review of Entomology 31, 455–478CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lively, C. M. (1993). Rapid evolution by biological enemies. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 8, 345–346CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Lodge, D. M. (1993). Biological invasions – lessons for ecology. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 8, 133–137CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Loehle, C. (1987). Hypothesis testing in ecology: psychological aspects and the importance of theory maturation. Quarterly Review of Biology 62, 397–409CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Logan, M. S., Iverson, S. J., Ruzzante, D. E.et al. (2000). Long term diet differences between morphs in tritrophically polymorphic Percichthys trucha (Pisces: Percichthyidae) populations from the southern Andes. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 69, 599–616CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lomnicki, A. (1978). Individual differences between animals and the natural regulation of their numbers. Journal of Animal Ecology 47, 461–475CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lomnicki, A. (1988). Population Ecology of Individuals. Princeton University Press, Princeton

Louda, S. M. (1998). Ecology of interactions needed in biological control practice and policy. Bulletin of the British Ecological Society 29, 8–11Google Scholar

Louis, C., Pintureau, B. & Chapelle, L. (1993). Recherches sur l'origine de l'unisexualité: la thermothérapie élimine á la fois rickettsieset parthénogenése thélytoque chez un Trichogramme (Hym., Trichogrammatidae). Comptes Rendu de l'Academie des Sciences 316, 27–33Google Scholar

Lovtrup, S. (1984). The eternal battle against empiricism. Revista di Biologia 77, 183–209Google Scholar

Loxdale, H. D. & Lushai, G. (1998). Molecular markers in entomology. Bulletin of Entomological Research 88, 577–600CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lu, W., Kennedy, G. G. & Gould, F. (2001). Genetic analysis of larval survival and larval growth of two populations of Leptinotarsa decemlineata on tomato. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 99, 143–155CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Luck, R. F. (1990). Evaluation of natural enemies for biological control: a behavioural approach. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 5, 196–199CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ludwig, D. (1994). Bad ecology leads to bad public policy. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 9, 411CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Luttrell, R. G. (1994). Cotton pest management: part 2. A US perspective. Annual Review of Entomology 39, 527–542CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lyle, C. (1947). Achievements and possibilities in pest eradication. Journal of Economic Entomology 40, 1–8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Lynch, J. F. (1989). Community ecology of salamanders. Evolution 43, 1127–1128CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Macedo, N., Araújo, J. R. & Botelho, S. M. P. (1993). Sixteen years of biological control of Diatraea saccaralis (Fabr.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) by Cotesis flavipes (Cam.) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Anais da Sociedade Entomologica do Brasil 22, 441–448Google Scholar

Magee, B. (1973). Popper. Fontana/Collins, London

Mahon, R. J., Miethke, P. M. & Mahon, J. A. (1982). The evolutionary relationships of three forms of the jarrah leaf miner, Perthida glyphopa (Common) (Lepidoptera: Incurvariidae). Australian Journal of Zoology 30, 243–249CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Makni, H., Marrakchi, M. & Pasteur, N. (2000). Biochemical characterization of sibling species in Tunisian Mayetiola (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 28, 101–109CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mallet, J. (1995). A species definition for the modern synthesis. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 10, 294–299CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Margolis, H. (1993). Paradigms and Barriers: How Habits of Mind Govern Scientific Beliefs. University of Chicago Press, Chicago

Marohasy, J. (1996). Host shifts in biological weed control: real problems, semantic difficulties or poor science?International Journal of Pest Management 42, 71–75CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Marohasy, J. (1998). The design and interpretation of host-specificity tests for weed biological control with particular reference to insect behaviour. Biocontrol 19, 13–20Google Scholar

Martinat, P. J. & Barbosa, P. (1987). Relationship between host-plant acceptability and suitability in newly eclosed first-instar gypsy moths, Lymantria dispar (L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 80, 141–147CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Maslow, A. H. (1954). Problem centering vs means centering in science. In Motivation and Personality (eds. W. G. Holtzman & G. Murphy), pp. 12–18. Harper & Row, London

Masters, J. C. (1991). Loud calls of Galago cassicaudatus and G. garnettii and their relation to habitat structure. Primates 32, 153–167CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Masters, J. C., Lambert, D. M. & Paterson, H. E. H. (1984). Scientific prejudice, reproductive isolation, and apartheid. Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 28, 107–116CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Masters, J. C. & Rayner, R. J. (1993). Competition and macroevolution: the ghost of competition yet to come. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 49, 87–98CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Masters, J. C. & Reyner, R. J. (1996). The recognition concept and the fossil record: putting the genetics back into phylogenetic species. South African Journal of Science 92, 225–231Google Scholar

Matteson, P. C. (2000). Insect pest management in tropical Asian irrigated rice. Annual Review of Entomology 45, 549–574CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Matteson, P. C., Gallagher, K. D. & Kenmore, P. E. (1994). Extension of integrated pest management for planthoppers in Asian irrigated rice: empowering the user. In Planthoppers: Their Ecology and Management (eds. R. F. Denno & T. J. Perfect), pp. 656–685. Chapman & Hall, New YorkCrossRef

Matthews, G. A. (2000). Pesticide Application Methods, 3rd edn. Blackwell Science, Oxford

Matthews, G. A. & Hislop, E. C. (1993). Application Technology for Crop Protection. CAB International, Wallingford

Matthews, M. (1999). Heliothine Moths of Australia: A Guide to Pest Bollworms and Related Noctuid Groups. CSIRO, Collingwood

May, A. W. S. (1953). Queensland host records for the Dacinae. Queensland Journal of Agricultural Science 10, 36–79Google Scholar

Mayden, R. L. (1997). A hierarchy of species concepts: the denouement in the saga of the species problem. In Species: The Units of Biodiversity (eds. M. F. Claridge, H. A. Dawah & M. R. Wilson), pp. 381–424. Chapman & Hall, London

Maynard Smith, J. (1966). Sympatric speciation. American Naturalist 100, 637–650CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mayr, E. (1961). Cause and effect in biology. Science 134, 1501–1506CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Mayr, E. (1963). Animal Species and Evolution. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass

Mayr, E. (1976). Species concepts and definitions. In Topics in the Philosophy of Biology, vol. 27. Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science (eds. M. Grene & E. Mendelsohn), pp. 353–371. D. Reidel, DordrechtCrossRef

Mayr, E. (1982). The Growth of Biological Thought. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass

Mayr, E. & Provine, W. B. (1980). The Evolutionary Synthesis. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass

McGeoch, M. A. & Wossler, T. C. (2000). Range expansion and success of the weed biocontrol agent Trichilogaster acaciaelongifoliae (Froggatt) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) in South Africa. African Entomology 8, 273–280Google Scholar

McIntosh, R. P. (1975). H. A. Gleason – “Individualistic Ecologist” 1882–1975: his contributions to ecological theory. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club 102, 253–273CrossRefGoogle Scholar

McIntosh, R. P. (1985). The Background of Ecology: Concept and Theory. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

McIntosh, R. P. (1987). Pluralism in ecology. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 18, 321–341CrossRefGoogle Scholar

McIntosh, R. P. (1995). H. A. Gleason's ‘Individualistic concept’ and theory of animal communities: a continuing controversy. Biological Reviews 70, 317–357CrossRefGoogle Scholar

McKenzie, H. L. (1937). Morphological differences distinguishing California red scale, yellow scale, and related species. University of California Publications in Entomology 6, 323–326Google Scholar

Medawar, P. B. (1984). Pluto's Republic, incorporating the Art of the Soluble and Induction and Intuition in Scientific Thought. Oxford University Press, Oxford

Meijer, J. (1974). A comparative study of the immigration of carabids (Coleoptera, Carabidae) into a new polder. Oecologia 16, 185–208CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Merryweather, J. & Fitter, A. (1995). Arbuscular mycorrhiza and phosphorus as controlling factors in the life history of Hyacinthoides non-scripta (L.) Chouard ex Rothm. New Phytologist 129, 629–636CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Metcalf, R. L. & Luckman, W. H. (eds.) (1994). Introduction to Insect Pest Management. John Wiley, New York

Meyer, A. (1990). Ecological and evolutionary consequences of the trophic polymorphism in Cichlasoma citrinellum (Pisces: Cichlidae). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 39, 279–299CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Michelbacher, A. E. (1945). The importance of economic entomology. Journal of Economic Entomology 38, 129–130CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Michelbacher, A. E. & Smith, R. F. (1943). Some natural factors limiting the abundance of the alfalfa butterfly. Hilgardia 15, 369–397CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Miklas, N., Renou, M., Malosse, I. & Malosse, C. (2000). Repeatability of pheromone blend composition in individual males of the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula. Journal of Chemical Ecology 26, 2473–2485CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Miller, J. C. & Ehler, L. E. (1990). The concept of parasitoid guild and its relevance to biological control. In Critical Issues in Biological Control (eds. M. MacKauer, L. E. Ehler & J. Roland), pp. 159–169. Intercept, Andover

Mills, N. J. (1990). Are parasitoids of significance in endemic populations of forest defoliators? Some experimental observations from Gypsy Moth, Lymantria dispar (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae). In Population Dynamics of Forest Insects (eds. A. D. Watt, S. R. Leather, M. D. Hunter & N. A. C. Kidd), pp. 265–274. Intercept, Andover

Mills, N. J. (1992). Parasitoid guilds, life-styles, and host ranges in the parasitoid complexes of Tortricoid Hosts (Lepidoptera: Tortricoidea). Environmental Entomology 21, 230–239CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mills, N. J. (1994a). Biological control: some emerging trends. In Individuals, Populations and Patterns in Ecology (eds. S. R. Leather, A. D. Watt, N. J. Mills & K. F. A. Walters), pp. 213–222. Intercept, Andover

Mills, N. J. (1994b). The structure and complexity of parasitoid communities in relation to biological control. In Parasitoid Community Ecology (eds. B. A. Hawkins & W. Sheehan), pp. 397–417. Oxford University Press, Oxford

Milne, M. & Walter, G. H. (1997). The significance of prey in the diet of the phytophagous thrips, Frankliniella schultzei. Ecological Entomology 22, 74–81CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Milne, M. & Walter, G. H. (1998a). Host species and plant part specificity of the polyphagous onion thrips, Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), in an Australian cotton-growing area. Australian Journal of Entomology 37, 115–119Google Scholar

Milne, M. & Walter, G. H. (1998b). Significance of mite prey in the diet of the onion thrips Thrips tabaci Lindeman (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Australian Journal of Entomology 37, 120–124CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Milne, M. & Walter, G. H. (2000). Feeding and breeding across host plants within a locality by the widespread thrips Frankliniella schultzei, and the invasive potential of polyphagous herbivores. Diversity and Distributions 6, 243–257CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mitchell, D. S. (1972). The kariba weed: Salvinia molesta. British Fern Gazette 10, 251–252Google Scholar

Mitchell, P. B. (1991). Historical perspectives on some vegetation and soil changes in semi-arid New South Wales. Vegetatio 91, 169–182CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mitter, C., Poole, R. W. & Matthews, M. (1993). Biosystematics of the Heliothinae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Annual Review of Entomology 38, 207–225CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mohyuddin, A. I. (1991). Utilization of natural enemies for the control of insect pests of sugarcane. Insect Science and Application 12, 19–26Google Scholar

Mohyuddin, A. I., Inayatullah, C. & King, E. C. (1981). Host selection and strain occurrence in Apanteles flavipes (Cameron) (Hymenoptera; Braconidae) and its bearing on biological control of graminaceous stem-borers (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 71, 575–581CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Moore, J. A. (1987). The not so silent spring. In Silent Spring Revisited (eds. G. J. Marco, R. M. Hollingworth & W. Durham), pp. 15–24. American Chemical Society, Washington, DC

Mopper, S. & Strauss, S. Y. (1998). Genetic Structure and Local Adaptation in Natural Insect Populations: Effects of Ecology, Life History, and Behavior. Chapman & Hall, New York

Moran, C. & Shaw, D. D. (1977). Population cytogenetics of the genus Caledia (Orthoptera: Acridinae). Chromosoma 63, 181–204CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Moran, N. A. (1992). The evolution of aphid life cycles. Annual Review of Entomology 37, 321–348CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Morton, E. S. (1975). Ecological sources of selection on avian sounds. American Naturalist 109, 17–34CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mowry, B. (1985). From Galen's theory to William Harvey's theory: a case study in the rationality of scientific theory change. Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science 16, 49–82CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Muggleton, J. (1983). Relative fitness of Malathion-resistant phenotypes of Oryzaephilus surinamensis L. (Coleoptera: Silvanidae). Journal of Applied Ecology 20, 245–254CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Murdoch, W. W. (1992). Ecological theory and biological control. In Applied Population Biology (eds. S. K. Jain & L. W. Botsford), pp. 197–221. Kluwer Academic Publishers, DordrechtCrossRef

Murdoch, W. W. (1994). Population regulation in theory and practice. Ecology 75, 271–287CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Murdoch, W. W. & Briggs, C. J. (1996). Theory for biological control: recent developments. Ecology 77, 2001–2013CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Murdoch, W. W., Briggs, C. J. & Nisbet, R. M. (1996a). Competitive displacement and biological control in parasitoids: a model. American Naturalist 148, 807–826CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Murdoch, W. W., Briggs, C. J. & Nisbet, R. M. (1997). Dynamical effects of host size- and parasitoid state-dependent attacks by parasitoids. Journal of Animal Ecology 66, 542–556CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Murdoch, W. W., Chesson, J. & Chesson, P. L. (1985). Biological control in theory and practice. American Naturalist 125, 344–366CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Murdoch, W. W., Swarbrick, S. L., Luck, R. F., Walde, S. & Yu, D. S. (1996b). Refuge dynamics and metapopulation dynamics: an experimental test. American Naturalist 147, 424–444CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Murray, B. G. (1999). Can the population regulation controversy be buried and forgotten?Oikos 84, 148–152CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Myers, J. H., Higgins, C. & Kovacs, E. (1989). How many insect species are necessary for the biological control of insects?Environmental Entomology 18, 541–547CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Myers, J. H., Savoie, A. & Randen, E. (1998). Eradication and pest management. Annual Review of Entomology 43, 471–491CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Myers, J. H., Smith, J. N. M. & Elkinton, J. S. (1994). Biological control and refuge theory. Science 265, 811CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Narang, S. K., Tabachnick, W. J. & Faust, R. M. (1993). Complexities of population genetic structure and implications for biological control programs. In Applications of Genetics to Arthropods of Biological Control Significance (eds. S. K. Narang, A. C. Bartlett & R. M. Faust), pp. 10–52. CRC Press, Boca Raton

National Health and Medical Research Council (1993). Cyclodiene Insecticide Use in Australia. Commonwealth Government Printer for National Health and Medical Research Council, Canberra

Navajas, M., Tsagkarakov, A., Lagnel, J. & Perrot-Minnot, M. J. (2000). Genetic differentiation in Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae): polymorphism, host races or sibling species?Experimental and Applied Acarology 24, 365–376CrossRef

Neuffer, G. (1990). Zur Abundanz und Gradation der San-José-Schildaus Quadraspidiotus pernicicosus Comst. und deren Gegenspieler Prospaltella perniciosi Tow. Gesunde Pflanzen 42, 89–96Google Scholar

Newman, E. I. (1993). Applied Ecology. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford

Newton, P. J. (1988). Movement and impact of Trichogrammatoidea cryptophlebiae Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatoidea) in citrus orchards after inundative releases against the false codling moth, Cryptophlebia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Bulletin of Entomological Research 78, 85–99CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Norton, G. A. & Mumford, J. D. (1993). Decision Tools for Pest Management. CAB International, Wallingford

Norton, R. A. & Palmer, S. C. (1991). The distribution, mechanisms and evolutionary significance of parthenogenesis in oribatid mites. In The Acari: Reproduction, Development and Life-history Strategies (eds. R. Schuster & P. W. Murphy), pp. 107–136. Chapman & Hall, LondonCrossRef

Novotny, V. (1994). Association of polyphagy in leafhoppers (Auchenorrhyncha, Hemiptera) with unpredictable environments. Oikos 70, 223–232CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Nylin, S. (2001). Life history perspectives on pest insects: what's the use?Austral Ecology 26, 507–517CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Obata, S. (1986). Mechanisms of prey finding in the aphidophagous ladybird beetle, Harmonia axyridis (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Entomophaga 31, 303–311CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Oliver, J. H. (1988). Crisis in biosystematics of arthropods. Science 240, 967CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

O'Neil, R. J. (1989). Comparison of laboratory and field measurements of the functional response of Podisus maculiventris (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society 62, 148–155Google Scholar

O'Neil, R. J. (1990). Functional response of arthropod predators and its role in the biological control of insect pests in agricultural systems. In New Directions in Biological Control: Alternatives for Suppressing Agricultural Pests and Diseases (eds. R. R. Baker & P. E. Dunn), pp. 83–96. Alan R. Liss, New York

O'Neill, R. V. (2001). Is it time to bury the ecosystem concept? (With full military honors of course!). Ecology 82, 3275–3284Google Scholar

O'Neill, W. M. (1969). The motion of the blood. I. Case study. In Fact and Theory: An Aspect of the Philosophy of Science, pp. 5–14. Sydney University Press, Sydney

Ordish, G. (1976). The Constant Pest: A Short History of Pests and their Control. Peter Davies, London

Orr, D. W. (1994). Technological fundamentalism. Conservation Biology 8, 335–337CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ospovat, D. (1981). The Development of Darwin's Theory: Natural History, Natural Theology, and Natural Selection, 1838–1859. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

Osteen, C. D. & Szmedra, P. I. (1989). Agricultural pesticide use trends and policy issues. USDA Agricultural Economic Report 622, 1–87Google Scholar

Ota, D. & Čokl, L. (1991). Mate location in the southern green stink bug Nezara viridula (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) mediated through substrate-borne signals on ivy. Journal of Insect Behavior 4, 441–447CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Oyeyele, S. & Zalucki, M. P. (1990). Cardiac glycosides and oviposition by Danaus plexippus on Asclepias fruticosa in south-east Queensland (Australia), with notes on the effects of plant nitrogen content. Ecological Entomology 15, 177–185CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Panagiotakopulu, E., Buckland, P. C., Day, P. M., Sarpaki, A. A. & Doumas, C. (1995). Natural insecticides and insect repellents in antiquity: a review of the evidence. Journal of Archaeological Science 22, 705–710CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Panizzi, A. R. (1997). Wild hosts of pentatomids: ecological significance and role in their pest status on crops. Annual Review of Entomology 42, 99–122CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Papacek, D. & Smith, D. (1998). Sustaining IPM as a commercial service to citrus growers. In Pest Management – Future Challenges. Proceedings of the Sixth Australasian Applied Entomological Research Conference, vol. 1 (eds. M. P. Zalucki, R. A. I. Drew & G. G. White), pp. 106–112. University of Queensland Printery, Brisbane

Parmesan, C., Ryrholm, N., Stefanescu, C.et al. (1999). Poleward shifts in geographical ranges of butterfly species associated with regional warming. Nature 399, 579–583CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Pashley, D. P., Hammond, A. M. & Hardy, T. N. (1992). Reproductive isolating mechanisms in fall armyworm host strains (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 85, 400–405CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Paskewitz, S. M. & Collins, F. H. (1990). Use of the polymerase chain reaction to identify mosquito species of the Anopheles gambiae complex. Medical and Veterinary Entomology 4, 367–373CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Paterson, H. E. H. (1964). Direct evidence for the specific distinctness of forms A, B, and C of the Anopheles gambiae complex. Revista di Malariologia 43, 192–196Google Scholar

Paterson, H. E. (1973). Animal species studies. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 56, 31–36Google Scholar

Paterson, H. E. H. (1978). More evidence against speciation by reinforcement. South African Journal of Science 74, 369–371Google Scholar

Paterson, H. E. (1980). A comment on “mate recognition systems”. Evolution 34, 330–331Google ScholarPubMed

Paterson, H. E. H. (1981). The continuing search for the unknown and the unknowable: a critique of contemporary ideas on speciation. South African Journal of Science 77, 113–119Google Scholar

Paterson, H. E. H. (1985). The recognition concept of species. In Species and Speciation (ed. E. S. Vrba), pp. 21–29. Transvaal Museum, Pretoria

Paterson, H. E. H. (1986). Environment and species. South African Journal of Science 82, 62–65Google Scholar

Paterson, H. E. H. (1988). On defining species in terms of sterility: problems and alternatives. Pacific Science 42, 65–71Google Scholar

Paterson, H. E. H. (1989). A view of species. In Dynamic Structures in Biology (eds. B. Goodwin, A. Sibatani & G. Webster), pp. 77–88. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh

Paterson, H. E. H. (1991). The recognition of cryptic species among economically important insects. In Heliothis: Research Methods and Prospects (ed. M. P. Zalucki), pp. 1–10. Springer-Verlag, New YorkCrossRef

Paterson, H. E. (1993a). Botha de Meillon and the Anopheles gambiae complex. In Entomologist Extraordinary: A Festschrift in honour of Botha de Meillon (ed. M. Coetzee), pp. 39–46. South African Institute for Medical Research, Johannesburg

Paterson, H. E. H. (1993b). Animal species and sexual selection. In Evolutionary Patterns and Processes (eds. D. R. Lees & D. Edwards), pp. 209–228. Academic Press for the Linnean Society of London, London

Paterson, H. E. H. (1993c). Evolution and the Recognition Concept of Species: Collected Writings. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore

Paterson, H. E. H. & Macnamara, M. (1984). The recognition concept of species. South African Journal of Science 80, 312–318Google Scholar

Paterson, H. E., Paterson, J. S. & Eeden, G. J. (1963). A new member of the Anopheles gambiae complex. Medical Proceedings 9, 414–418Google Scholar

Pedigo, L. P. (1995). Closing the gap between IPM theory and practice. Journal of Agricultural Entomology 12, 171–181Google Scholar

Pedigo, L. P. (1999). Entomology and Pest Management, 3rd edn. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, N.J.

Perkins, J. H. (1982). Insects, Experts and the Insecticide Crisis: The Quest for New Pest Management Strategies. Plenum Press, New York

Perring, T. M., Cooper, A. D., Rodriguez, R. J., Farrar, C. A. & Bellows, T. S. (1993). Identification of a whitefly species by genomic and behavioural studies. Science 259, 74–77CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Perutz, M. (1991). Is Science Necessary? Essays on Science and Scientists. Oxford University Press, Oxford

Peters, R. H. (1991). A Critique for Ecology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

Petrie, H. G. (1976). Do you see what I see? The epistemology of interdisciplinary inquiry. Journal of Aesthetic Education 10, 29–43CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Pielou, E. C. (1991). After the Ice Age: The Return of Life to Glaciated North America. University of Chicago Press, Chicago

Pierce, G. J. & Ollason, J. G. (1987). Eight reasons why optimal foraging is a complete waste of time. Oikos 49, 111–117CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Pigott, C. D. (1990). The influence of evergreen coniferous nurse-crops on the field layer in two woodland communities. Journal of Applied Ecology 27, 448–459CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Pimentel, D. (1997). Techniques for Reducing Pesticide Use. John Wiley, Chichester

Pimentel, D. (1997). Pest management in agriculture. In Techniques for Reducing Pesticide Use – Economic and Environmental Benefits (ed. D. Pimentel), pp. 1–10. John Wiley, New York

Pimentel, D., Andow, D., Dyson-Hudson, R.et al. (1980). Environmental and social costs of pesticides: a preliminary assessment. Oikos 34, 126–140CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Pimentel, D. & Lehman, H. (1993). The Pesticide Question. Chapman & Hall, New York

Pimm, S. L. (1991). The Balance of Nature? Ecological Issues in the Conservation of Species and Communities. University of Chicago Press, Chicago

Pinto, J. D. & Stouthamer, R. (1994). Systematics of the Trichogrammatidae with emphasis on Trichogramma. In Biological Control with Egg Parasitoids (eds. E. Wajnberg & S. A. Hassan), pp. 1–36. CAB International, Wallingford

Pinto, J. D., Stouthamer, R., Platner, G. R. & Oatman, E. R. (1991). Variation in reproductive compatibility in Trichogramma and its taxonomic significance (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 84, 37–46CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Pitelka, L. F. (1994). Ecosystem response to elevated CO2. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 9, 204–207CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Platt, J. R. (1964). Strong inference. Science 146, 347–353CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Polaszek, A. & Walker, A. K. (1991). The Cotesia flavipes species complex: parasitoids of cereal stem borers in the tropics. Redia 74, 335–341Google Scholar

Popper, K. R. (1983). Realism and the Aim of Science: From the Postscript to the Logic of Scientific Discovery (1956). Hutchinson, London

Price, P. W. (1972). Methods of sampling and analysis for predictive results in the introduction of entomophagous insects. Entomophaga 17, 211–222CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Price, P. W. (1984). The concept of the ecosystem. In Ecological Entomology (eds. C. B. Huffaker & R. L. Rabb), pp. 19–50. John Wiley, New York

Price, P. W. (1991). Evolutionary theory of host and parasitoid interactions. Biological Control 1, 83–93CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Price, P. W. (1996). Empirical research and factually based theory: what are their roles in entomology?American Entomologist 42, 209–214CrossRefGoogle Scholar