Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-77c89778f8-cnmwb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-23T13:23:07.589Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Notes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2014

Nick Smith
Affiliation:
University of New Hampshire
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Justice through Apologies
Remorse, Reform, and Punishment
, pp. 333 - 396
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2014

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Seccuro, Liz, Crash into Me: A Survivor's Search for Justice (New York: Bloomsbury, 2011), 8Google Scholar
Gelineau, Kristen, “Rape Victim Gets Justice 23 Years After the Attack,” Los Angeles Times, March 18, 2007
Glaze, Lauren and Parks, Erika, “Correctional Populations in the United States, 2011,” Bureau of Justice Statistics, November 29, 2012, available at
Seccuro, Liz, “A Plea Deal for George Huguely,” Huffington Post, December 16, 2010
Seccuro, Liz, “A History of Violence: Not Huguely, But the University of Virginia,” Huffington Post, May 27, 2010
Tillis, Paul, “Can Forgiveness Play a Role in Criminal Justice,” New York Times Magazine, January 4, 2013
Cantley, Rebeccah, “Ann, Conor's Relationship Brings up Issues of Teen Dating Violence,” Tallahassee.com, August 27, 2011
Smith, Nick, I Was Wrong: The Meanings of Apologies (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Levi, Deborah, “The Role of Apology in Mediation,” New York University Law Review 72 (1997): 1165–220, 1186–87Google Scholar
Woods, Michael, Healing Words: The Power of Apology in Medicine (Santa Fe: Center for Physician Leadership, 2007), 52–53Google Scholar
Blackstone, William, Commentaries on the Laws of England, Volume II (Philadelphia: Lippincott Company, 1908), 339Google Scholar
Kolakowski, Lesek, My Correct Views on Everything (South Bend: St. Augustine's Press, 2005), 188Google Scholar
Taft, Lee, “Apology Subverted: The Commodification of Apology,” Yale Law Journal 109 (2000): 1135–60CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zehr, Howard, Changing Lenses: A New Focus for Crime and Justice (Scottsdale, PA: Herald Press, 1990)Google Scholar
Zehr, Howard, “Why Can't We Just Apologize?Crime Victims Report 11–3 (2007): 38Google Scholar
Bazemore, Gordon and Umbreit, Mark, “A Comparison of Four Restorative Sentencing Models,” in A Restorative Justice Reader: Texts, Sources, Context, ed. Johnstone, G. (Cullompton: Willan Publishing, 2003), 225–44Google Scholar
Bottoms, Anthony, “Some Sociological Reflections on Restorative Justice,” in Restorative Justice and Criminal Justice: Competing or Reconcilable Paradigms, ed. von Hirsch, Andrew et al. (Portland: Hart Publishing, 2003), 79–113Google Scholar
Petrucci, Carrie, “Apology in the Criminal Justice Setting,” Behavioral Sciences and the Law 20 (2002): 337–62CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Niedermeier, Keith, Horowitz, Irwin A., and Kerr, Norbert L., “Exceptions to the Rule: The Effects of Remorse, Status, and Gender on Decision Making,” Journal of Applied Social Psychology 31 (2001): 604–23CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weyeneth, Robert R., “The Power of Apology and the Process of Historical Reconciliation,” The Public Historian 23–3 (Summer 2001): 9–38CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alter, Susan, “Apologizing for Serious Wrongdoing: Social, Psychological, and Legal Considerations,” Final Report for the Law Commission of Canada (1999)
Dickey, Walter J., “Forgiveness and Crime: The Possibilities of Restorative Justice,” in Exploring Forgiveness, eds. Enright, Robert D. and North, Joanna (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1998), 106–20Google Scholar
Pipes, Randolph B. and Alessi, Marci, “Remorse and a Previously Punished Offense in Assignment of Punishment and Estimated Likelihood of a Repeated Offense,” Psychological Reports 85 (1999): 246–48CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gonzales, M. H., Haugen, J. A., and Manning, D. J., “Victims as ‘Narrative Critics’: Factors Influencing Rejoinders and Evaluative Responses to Offenders’ Accounts,” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 20 (1994): 691–704CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, D., Smith-Lovin, L., and Tsoudis, O., “Heinous Crime or Unfortunate Accident? The Effects of Remorse on Responses to Mock Criminal Confessions,” Social Forces 73 (1994): 175–90CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kleinke, C., Wallis, R., Stalder, K., “Evaluation of a Rapist as a Function of Expressed Intent and Remorse,” Journal of Social Psychology 132–4 (1992): 525–37CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Taylor, Christy and Kleinke, Chris L., “Effects of Severity of Accident, History of Drunk Driving, Intent, and Remorse on Judgments of a Drunk Driver,” Journal of Applied Social Psychology 22 (1992): 1641–55CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schwartz, G. S. et al., “The Effects of Post-Transgression Remorse on Perceived Aggression, Attribution of Intent, and Level of Punishment,” Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology 17 (1987): 293–97CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rumsey, Michael G., “Effects of Defendant Background and Remorse on Sentencing Judgments,” Journal of Applied Social Psychology 6 (1976): 64–68CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Upshaw, Harry S. and Romer, Daniel, “Punishment For One's Misdeeds as a Function of Having Suffered from Them,” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 2 (1976): 162–65CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Austin, W., Walster, E., and Utne, M. K., “Equity and the Law: The Effects of a Harmdoer's ‘Suffering in the Act’ on Liking and Assigned Punishment,” in Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, ed. Berkowitz, L. (New York: Academic Press, 1976), 217–59Google Scholar
Shaw, Jerry I. and McMartin, James A., “Perpetrator or Victim? Effects of Who Suffers in an Automobile Accident on Judgmental Strictness,” Social Behavior and Personality 3 (1975): 5–12CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bramel, Dana, Taub, Barry, and Blum, Barbara, “An Observer's Reaction to the Suffering of his Enemy,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 8 (1968): 384–92CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, Brent, “Saving Face: The Benefits of Not Saying I’m Sorry,” Law and Contemporary Problems 72 (2009): 261–69Google Scholar
Medwed, Daniel, “The Innocent Prisoner's Dilemma: Consequences of Failing to Admit Guilt at Parole Hearings,” Iowa Law Review 93 (2008): 491–557Google Scholar
Etienne, Margareth and Robbennolt, Jennifer K., “Apologies and Plea Bargaining,” Marquette Law Review 91 (2007): 295–322Google Scholar
Penzell, Abigail, “Apology in the Context of Wrongful Conviction: Why the System Should Say its Sorry,” Cardozo Journal of Conflict Resolution 9 (2007): 145–61Google Scholar
Bibas, Stephanos, “Transparency and Participation in Criminal Procedure,” New York University Law Review 81 (2006): 911–66Google Scholar
McCoy, Candace, “Plea Bargaining as Coercion: The Trial Penalty and Plea Bargaining Reform,” Criminal Law Quarterly 50 (2005): 67–107Google Scholar
Szmania, Susan and Mangis, Daniel, “Finding the Right Time and Place: A Case Study Comparison of the Expression of Offender Remorse in Traditional Justice and Restorative Justice Contexts,” Marquette Law Review 89–2 (2005): 335–58Google Scholar
Bibas, Stephanos and Bierschbach, Richard A., “Integrating Remorse and Apology into Criminal Procedure,” Yale Law Journal 114 (2004): 85–148CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colb, Sherry, “Profiling with Apologies,” Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law 1 (2004): 611–25Google Scholar
O’Hara, Erin Ann, “Apology and Thick Trust: What Spouse Abusers and Negligent Doctors Might Have in Common,” Chicago Kent Law Review 79–3 (2004): 1055–89Google Scholar
Weisberg, Robert, “Apology, Legislation, and Mercy,” North Carolina Law Review 82 (2004): 1415–40Google Scholar
Bader, Cheryl, “Forgive me Victim for I have Sinned: Why Repentance and the Criminal Justice System Do Not Mix – A Lesson from Jewish Law,” Fordham Urban Law Journal 31 (2003): 69–97Google Scholar
Etienne, Margareth, “Remorse, Responsibility, and Regulating Advocacy: Making Defendants Pay for the Sins of Their Lawyers,” New York University Law Review 78 (2003): 2103–76Google Scholar
Garvey, S., “Restorative Justice, Punishment, and Atonement,” Utah Law Review 1 (2003): 303–17Google Scholar
Latif, Elizabeth, “Apologetic Justice: Evaluating Apologies Tailored Toward Legal Solutions,” Boston University Law Review 81 (2001): 289–319Google Scholar
Garvey, S., “Punishment as Atonement,” UCLA Law Review 47 (1999): 1801–58Google Scholar
Eisenberg, Theodore, Garvey, Stephen, and Wells, Martin, “But Was He Sorry? The Role of Remorse in Capital Sentencing,” Cornell Law Review 83(1998): 1599–637Google Scholar
Sundby, Scott, “The Intersection of Trial Strategy, Remorse, and the Death Penalty,” Cornell Law Review 83 (1998): 1557–98Google Scholar
Calleros, Charles R., “Conflict, Apology, and Reconciliation at Arizona State University: A Second Case Study in Hateful Speech,” Cumberland Law Review 27 (1997): 95–137Google Scholar
Orenstein, Lisa, “Sentencing Leniency May Be Denied to Criminal Offenders Who Fail to Express Remorse at Allocution,” Maryland Law Review 56 (1997): 780–93Google Scholar
O’Hear, Michael, “Remorse, Cooperation, and ‘Acceptance of Responsibility’: The Structure, Implementation, and Reform of Section 3E1.1 of the Federal Sentencing Guidelines,” Northwestern University Law Review 91 (1997): 1507–73Google Scholar
Bryant, Ellen, “Section 3E1.1 of the Federal Sentencing Guidelines: Bargaining with the Guilty,” Catholic University Law Review 44 (1995): 1269–305Google Scholar
Delgado, Richard and Stefancic, Jean, “Apologize and Move On?: Finding a Remedy for Pornography, Insult, and Hate Speech,” University of Colorado Law Review 67 (1994): 93–111Google Scholar
Langbein, John H., “Torture and Plea Bargain,” The Public Interest 58 (1980): 43–46Google Scholar
Murphy, Jeffrie, “Reply,” all appearing in Criminal Law Conversations, eds. Robinson, Paul, Garvey, Stephen, and Ferzan, Kimberly Kessler (New York: Oxford University Press, 2009)Google Scholar
Tasioulas, John, “Mercy and the Liberal State,” all appearing in a special volume of the Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law 4–2 (2007)Google Scholar
von Hirsch, Andrew, Censure and Sanctions (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996): 82–83CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garvey, Stephen, “Can Shaming Punishments Educate?University of Chicago Law Review 65 (1998): 733–93CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitman, James Q., “What Is Wrong with Inflicting Shame Sanctions?Yale Law Journal 107 (1998): 1055–92CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kahan, Dan, “What Do Alternative Sanctions Mean?University of Chicago Law Review 6 (1996): 591–652 (Kahan has since revised viewsCrossRefGoogle Scholar
What's Really Wrong with Shaming Sanctions,” Texas Law Review 84 (2006): 2075–95)
Nevada, Riggins V., 504 U.S. 127, 144 (1992) (concurring opinion). See Eisenberg, Stephen Garvey, and Martin Wells, “But Was He Sorry? The Role of Remorse in Capital Sentencing”; Pipes and Alessi, “Remorse and a Previously Punished Offense in Assignment of Punishment and Estimated Likelihood of a Repeated Offense”; Sundby, “The Intersection of Trial Strategy, Remorse, and the Death Penalty”; Kleinke, Wallis, and Stalder, “Evaluation of a Rapist as a Function of Expressed Intent and Remorse”; Rumsey, “Effects of Defendant Background and Remorse on Sentencing Judgments,” 64–68Google Scholar
Robbennolt, J., “Apologies and Medical Error,” Clinical Orthopedics and Related Research 467 (2009): 378–82CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Robbennolt, J., “Apologies and Reasonableness: Some Applications of Psychology to Torts,” DePaul Law Review 59 (2010): 489–513Google Scholar
Runnels, Michael, “Apologies All Around: Advocating Federal Protection for the Full Apology in Civil Cases,” San Diego Law Review 45 (2009): 137–60Google Scholar
Ebert, Robin, “Attorneys, Tell Your Clients to Say They're Sorry: Apologies in the Health Care Industry,” Indiana Health Law Review 5 (2008): 337–70Google Scholar
Houk, Carole and Edelstein, Lauren, “Beyond Apology to Early Non-Judicial Resolution,” Hamline Journal of Law and Public Policy 29 (2008): 411–22Google Scholar
Lazare, Aaron, “The Healing Forces of Apology in Medical Practice and Beyond,” DePaul Law Review 57 (2008): 251–64Google Scholar
Robbennolt, J., “Attorneys, Apologies, and Settlement Negotiation,” Harvard Negotiation Law Review 13 (2008): 349–97Google Scholar
Stephens, Mitchell, “I’m Sorry: Exploring the Reasons Behind the Differing Roles of Apology in American and Japanese Civil Cases,” Widener Law Review 14 (2008): 185–204Google Scholar
Vines, Prue, “Apologies and Civil Liability in the UK: A View from Elsewhere,” Edinburgh Law Review 12–2 (2008): 200–30CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, Colin, “Apologies and Corporate Governance in the Japanese Context: Tatsumi Tanaka's Sonna Shazai De Wa Kaisha Ga Abunai (Apologizing that Way Will Endanger Your Company),” BYU International Law and Management Review 3 (2007): 303–17Google Scholar
Vines, Prue, “The Power of Apology: Mercy, Forgiveness or Corrective Justice in the Civil Liability Arena,” Public Space (2007)
Davenport, Ashley A., “Forgive and Forget: Recognition of Error and Use of Apology as Preemptive Steps to ADR or Litigation in Medical Malpractice Cases,” Pepperdine Dispute Resolution Law Journal 6 (2006): 81–107Google Scholar
Robbennolt, J., “Apologies and Settlement Levers,” Journal of Empirical Studies 3 (2006): 333–73CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, Brent T., “Say You're Sorry: Court-Ordered Apologies as a Civil Rights Remedy,” Cornell Law Review 91 (2006): 1216–312Google Scholar
Hyman, D. and Silver, C., “Medical Malpractice Litigation and Tort Reform,” Vanderbilt Law Review 59 (2006): 1085–136Google Scholar
Lee, Ilhyung, “The Law and Culture of the Apology in Korean Dispute Settlement (with Japan and the United States in Mind),” Michigan Journal of International Law 27 (2005): 1–53Google Scholar
Morrison, Virginia L., “Heyoka: The Shifting Shape of Dispute Resolution in Health Care,” Georgia State University Law Review 21 (2005): 931–62Google Scholar
Robbennolt, Jennifer, “What We Know and Don't About the Role of Apologies in Resolving Health Care Disputes,” Georgia State Law Review 21 (2005): 1009–27Google Scholar
Taft, Lee, “Apology within a Moral Dialectic: A Reply to Professor Robbennolt,” Michigan Law Review 103 (2005): 1010–17Google Scholar
Vines, Prue, “Apologising to Avoid Liability: Cynical Civility or Practical Morality?Sydney Law Review 27–5 (2005): 483–505Google Scholar
Vines, Prue, “Apologies in the Civil Liability Context,” Australian Civil Liability 2–1 (2005): 6–7Google Scholar
Brown, J., “The Role of Apology in Mediation,” Marquette Law Review 87 (2004): 655–72Google Scholar
Kanazawa, Sidney, “Apologies and Lunch: Strategic Options for Every Litigator,” For the Defense 46–7 (2004): 29–34Google Scholar
Pavlick, Donna, “Apology and Mediation: The Horse and Carriage of the Twenty-First Century,” Ohio St. Journal of Dispute Resolution 18 (2003): 829–66Google Scholar
Robbennolt, J., “Apologies and Legal Settlement: An Empirical Examination,” Michigan Law Review 102–3 (2003): 460–516CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Hara, Erin and Yarn, Douglas, “On Apology and Consilience,” Washington Law Review 77 (2002): 1121–92Google Scholar
Cohen, R., “Legislating Apologies: The Pros and Cons,” University of Cincinnati Law Review 70 (2002): 1–29Google Scholar
Choi, Dai-Kwon, “Freedom of Conscience and the Court-Ordered Apology for Defamatory Remarks,” Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law 8 (2000): 205Google Scholar
Bolstad, Max, “Learning from Japan: The Case for Increased Use of Apology in Mediation,” Cleveland State Law Review 48–3 (2000): 545–78Google Scholar
Bartels, William K., “The Stormy Sea of Apologies: California Evidence Code Section 1160 Provides a Safe Harbor for Apologies Made after Accidents,” Western State University Law Review 28 (2001): 141–57Google Scholar
Shuman, D., “Role of Apologies in Tort Law,” Judicature 83–4 (2000): 180–89Google Scholar
Cohen, Jonathan R., “Advising Clients to Apologize,” Southern California Law Review 72 (1999): 1009–69Google Scholar
Cohen, Jonathan R., “Nagging Problem: Advising the Client Who Wants to Apologize,” Dispute Resolution Magazine (Spring 1999)
Keeva, Steven, “Does Law Mean Never Having to Say You're Sorry?American Bar Association Journal 85 (1999): 64–68Google Scholar
Orenstein, Aviva, “Apology Excepted: Incorporating a Feminist Analysis into Evidence Policy Where You Would Least Expect It,” Southwestern University Law Review 28 (1999): 221–75Google Scholar
Tanick, Marshall and Ayling, Teresa, “Alternative Dispute Resolution by Apology: Settlement by Saying ‘I’m Sorry,’Hennepin Lawyer (1996): 22–25Google Scholar
Rehm, Peter and Beatty, Denise, “Legal Consequences of Apologizing,” Journal of Dispute Resolution (1995)
Korobkin, R. and Guthrie, C., “Psychological Barriers to Litigation Settlement: An Experimental Approach,” Michigan Law Review 93 (1994): 107–27CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Soloski, John, “The Study and the Libel Plaintiff: Who Sues for Libel?Iowa Law Review 71 (1985): 217–20Google Scholar
Cornell, Robert, Warne, Rick, and Eining, Martha, “The Use of Remedial Tactics in Negligence Litigation,” University of Utah Contemporary Accounting Research 26–3 (2009): 767–87CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wu, A. et al., “Disclosing Medical Errors to Patients: It's Not What You Say, It's What They Hear,” Journal of General Internal Medicine 24–9 (2009): 1012–17CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rainey, Michael B., Chan, Kit, and Begin, Judith, “Characterized by Conciliation: Here's How Business Can Use Apology to Diffuse Litigation,” Alternatives to High Cost Litigation 26-7 (2008): 131–34CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hyman, and Schechter, , “Mediating Medical Malpractice Lawsuits Against Hospitals: New York City's Pilot Project,” Health Affairs 25 (2006): 1394–99CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kaldjian, L. et al., “An Empirically Derived Taxonomy of Factors Affecting Physicians’ Willingness to Disclose Medical Errors,” Journal of General Internal Medicine 21 (2006): 942–48CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lazare, Aaron, “Apology in Medical Practice: An Emerging Clinical Skill,” Journal of the American Medical Association 296 (2006): 1401–04CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mazor, K. et al., “Disclosure of Medical Errors: What Factors Influence How Patients Respond?Journal of General Intern Medicine 21 (2006): 704–10CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liebman, C. B. and Hyman, C. S., “Medical Error Disclosure, Mediation Skills, and Malpractice Litigation: A Demonstration Project in Pennsylvania,” The Project on Medical Liability in Pennsylvania (2005)
Sparkman, C., “Legislating Apology in the Context of Medical Mistakes,” AORN82–2 (2005): 263Google ScholarPubMed
Frenkel, Douglas and Liebman, Carol, “Words that Heal,” Annals of Internal Medicine 140 (2004): 482–83CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liebman, C. and Hyman, C. S., “A Mediation Skills Model to Manage Disclosure of Errors and Adverse Events to Patients,” Health Affairs 23–4 (2004): 22–32CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mazor, K., Simon, S., and Yood, R., “Health Plan Members’ Views about Disclosure of Medical Errors,” Annals of Internal Medicine 140–6 (2004): 409–18CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gallagher, Thomas H. et al., “Patients’ and Physicians’ Attitudes Regarding the Disclosure of Medical Errors,” Journal of the American Medical Association 289 (2003): 1001–07CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lamb, R. et al., “Hospital Disclosure Practices: Results of a National Study,” Health Affairs 22 (2003): 73–83CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patel, Ameeta and Reinsch, Lamar, “Companies Can Apologize: Corporate Apologies and Legal Liability,” Business Communication Quarterly 66–1 (2003): 9–25CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bornstein, Brian H., Rung, Lahna M., and Miller, Monica K., “The Effects of Defendant Remorse on Mock Juror Decisions in a Malpractice Case,” Behavioral Sciences and Law 20 (2002): 393–409CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, Jonathan, “Apology and Organizations: Exploring an Example from Medical Practice,” Fordham Urban Law Journal 27 (2000): 1447–82Google Scholar
Schneider, Carl, “What It Means To Be Sorry: The Power of Apology in Mediation,” Mediation Quarterly 17–3 (2000): 265–80CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kraman, S. and Hamm, G., “Risk Management: Extreme Honesty May Be the Best Policy,” Annals of Internal Medicine 131–12 (1999): 963–67CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wu, A., “Handling Hospital Errors: Is Disclosure the Best Defense?Annals of Internal Medicine 131–12 (1999): 970–72CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Witman, A., Park, D., and Hardin, S., “How Do Patients Want Physicians to Handle Mistakes? A Survey of Internal Medicine Patients in an Academic Setting,” Archives of Internal Medicine 156 (1996); 2565–69CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farber, H. S. and White, M. J., “A Comparison of Formal and Informal Dispute Resolution in Medical Malpractice,” Journal of Legal Studies 23–2 (1994): 777–806CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vincent, C., Phillips, A., and Young, M., “Why Do People Sue Doctors? A Study of Patients and Relatives Taking Legal Action,” Lancet 343 (1994): 1609–13CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hickson, G. et al., “Factors that Prompted Families to File Medical Malpractice Claims Following Perinatal Injuries,” Journal of the American Medical Association 267 (1992): 1359–63CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
May, M., and Stengel, D., “Who Sues Their Doctors? How Patients Handle Medical Grievances,” Law and Society Review 24–1 (1990): 105–20CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Novack, D. et al., “Physicians’ Attitudes Toward Using Deception to Resolve Difficult Ethical Problems,” Journal of the American Medical Association 261–20 (1989): 2980–85CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kellett, Ann J., “Healing Angry Wounds: The Roles of Apology and Mediation in Disputes Between Physicians and Patients,” Journal of Dispute Resolution (1987): 111–32Google Scholar
Goldberg, Stephen B., Green, E., and Sander, F., “Saying You're Sorry,” Negotiation Journal 3 (1987): 221–24CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haley, John O., “The Implications of Apology,” Law and Society Review 20 (1986): 499–507CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gorn, Gerald, Jiang, Yuwei, and Johar, Gita Venkataramani, “Babyfaces, Trait Inferences, and Company Evaluations in a PR Crisis,” Journal of Consumer Research 35–1 (2008): 36–49CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sack, Kevin, “Doctors Say ‘I’m Sorry’ Before ‘See You in Court,’” New York Times, May 18, 2008
Bender, F., “I’m Sorry Laws and Medical Liability,” Virtual Mentor: American Medical Association Journal of Ethics 9–4 (2007): 300–04Google ScholarPubMed
Kleefeld, John, “Thinking Like a Human: British Columbia's Apology Act,” University of British Columbia Law Review 40 (2007): 769–808Google Scholar
Landro, Laura, “The Informed Patient: Doctors Learn to Say ‘I’m Sorry’; Patients’ Stories of Hospital Errors Serve to Teach Staff,” Wall Street Journal, January 24, 2007
Schmidt, C., “We're Sorry: The Healing Power of Apology – and How Two Little Words Can Make Medicine Safer,” Harvard Public Health Review (2007)
Boothman, R., “Apologies and a Strong Defense at the University of Michigan Health System,” Physician Executive (2006)
Davenport, “Forgive and Forget”; Geier, Peter, “Emerging Med-Mal Strategy: I’m Sorry,” National Law Journal, July 17, 2006Google Scholar
Leape, Lucian, “Full Disclosure and Apology – An Idea Whose Time Has Come,” Physician Executive 32–2 (2006): 16–18Google ScholarPubMed
Mangan, Katherine, “Acting Sick: At Medical Schools, Actors Help Teach Doctors How to ‘Fess Up to Mistakes – and How to Avoid Them,” Chronicle of Higher Education, September 15, 2006Google Scholar
Weiss, Gail Garfinkel, “Medical Errors: Should You Apologize?” Medical Economics, April 21, 2006, 50
Leape, Lucian, “Understanding the Power of Apology: How Saying ‘I’m Sorry’ Helps Heal Patients and Caregivers,” Focus on Patient Safety (2005): 1–3
Taft, Lee, “Apology and Medical Mistake: Opportunity or Foil?,” Annals of Health Law 14 (2005): 55–94Google Scholar
Lamb, R., “Open Disclosure: The Only Approach to Medical Error,” Quality and Safety in Health Care 13–1 (2004): 3–5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tanner, Lindsey, “Doctors Eye Apologies for Medical Mistakes,” Associated Press, November 8, 2004
Zimmerman, Rachel, “Medical Contrition: Doctor's New Tool to Fight Lawsuits: Saying I’m Sorry,” Wall Street Journal, May 18, 2004
Brazeau, Chantal, “Disclosing the Truth About a Medical Error,” American Family Physician 60 (1999): 1013–14Google ScholarPubMed
Ayres, Ian, Super Crunchers: Why Thinking by Numbers is the Way to Be Smart (New York: Bantam, 2008), 63–65Google Scholar
Searle, John, Speech Acts: An Essay in the Philosophy of Language (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1969)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Austin, J. L., How to Do Things with Words (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1962)Google Scholar
Searle, John, “A Classification of Illocutionary Acts,” Language in Society 5 (1976): 1–24CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maimonides, Moses, Hilchot Teshuvah: The Laws of Repentance (New York: Moznaim, 1987)Google Scholar
de Montaigne, Michel, “Of Repentance,” in Montaigne: Essays, ed. and trans. Cohen, John M. (New York: Penguin, 1993), 235–49Google Scholar
de Montaigne, Michel, Apology for Raymond Sebond, trans. Screech, M. A. (New York: Penguin, 1988)Google Scholar
Kant, Immanuel, The Metaphysical Elements of Justice, trans. Ladd, John (Indianapolis: Hackett, 1999), 101Google Scholar
Radzik, Linda, Making Amends: Atonement in Morality, Law, and Politics (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bennett, Christopher, The Apology Ritual: A Philosophical Theory of Punishment (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, Margaret Urban, Moral Repair (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duff, R. A., Trials and Punishments (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1986)Google Scholar
Bovens, Luc, “Apologies,” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 108 (2008): 219–39CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Waller, Bruce, “Sincere Apology without Moral Responsibility,” Social Theory and Practice 33–3 (2007): 441–65CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pettigrove, Glen, “Unapologetic Forgiveness,” American Philosophical Quarterly 41–1 (2004): 187–204Google Scholar
Pettigrove, , “Apology, Reparations, and the Question of Inherited Guilt,” Public Affairs Quarterly 17–4 (2003): 319–48Google Scholar
Govier, Trudy and Verwoerd, Wilhelm, “The Promise and Pitfalls of Apology,” Journal of Social Philosophy 33–1 (2002): 67–82CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Govier, Trudy and Verwoerd, Wilhelm, “Taking Wrongs Seriously: A Qualified Defense of Public Apologies,” Saskatchewan Law Review 65 (2002): 157Google Scholar
Davis, Paul, “On Apologies,” Journal of Applied Philosophy 19–2 (2002): 169–73CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mills, Nicolaus, “The New Culture of Apology,” Dissent (Fall 2001)
Gill, Kathleen, “The Moral Functions of an Apology,” Philosophical Forum 31–1 (2000): 11–27CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, Jana, “The Apology Paradox,” Philosophical Quarterly 55–201 (2000): 470–75CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joyce, Richard, “Apologizing,” Public Affairs Quarterly 13–2 (1999): 159–73Google Scholar
Murphy, Jeffrie, “ Repentance, Punishment, and Mercy,” in Repentance: A Comparative Perspective, eds. Etzioni, Amitai and Carney, David (Lanham, MD: Rowan and Littlefield, 1997)Google Scholar
Harvey, Jean, “The Emerging Practice of Institutional Apologies,” International Journal of Applied Philosophy 9–2 (1995): 57–65CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, John, “Why Forgiveness Requires Repentance,” Philosophy 63–246 (1988): 534–5CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kort, Louis, “What is an Apology?Philosophical Research Archives 1 (1975): 78–87CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Owen, Marion, Apologies and Remedial Interchanges: A Study of Language Use in Social Interactions (Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1985), 109–13Google Scholar
Simon, Mitch, Smith, Nick, Negowetti, Nicole, “Apologies and Fitness to Practice Law: A Practical Framework for Evaluating Remorse in the Bar Admission Process,” ABA Journal of the Professional Lawyer 37 (2012): 37–78Google Scholar
Proeve, Michael and Tudor, Steven, Remorse: Psychological and Jurisprudential Perspectives (Burlington: Ashgate, 2010), 29–30Google Scholar
Murdoch, Iris, “The Sublime and the Good,” in Existentialists and Mystics: Writings on Philosophy and Literature, ed. Conradi, Peter (New York: Penguin, 1997), 206Google Scholar
Pettigrove, Glen applies the terms to examples of forgiveness in “The Forgiveness We Speak,” Southern Journal of Philosophy 42–3 (2004): 373CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meierhenrich, Jens, “Varieties of Reconciliation,” Law and Social Inquiry 31–1 (2008): 195–231CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kampf, Zohar, “Journalists as Actors in Social Dramas of Apology,” Journalism: Theory, Practice, and Criticism 12 (2011): 71–87CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kampf's, Public (non) Apologies: The Discourse of Minimizing Responsibility,” Journal of Pragmatics 41–11 (2009): 2257–70CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scheler, Max, On the Eternal in Man (New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers, 2010), 54Google Scholar
Benoit, William, Accounts, Excuses, and Apologies: A Theory of Image Restoration Strategies (Albany: SUNY Press, 1995)Google Scholar
Tannen, Deborah, You Just Don't Understand: Women and Men in Conversation (New York: Ballantine Books, 1990)Google Scholar
Blum-Kulka, S., House, J., and Kasper, G., eds., Cross-cultural Pragmatics: Requests and Apologies (Norwood, NJ: Ablex, 1989)
Mehrabian, Albert, “Substitute for Apology: Manipulation of Cognitions to Reduce Negative Attitude Toward Self,” Psychological Reports 20 (1976): 687–92CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kasper, G. and Blum-Kulka, S., eds., Interlanguage Pragmatics (New York: Oxford University Press, 1993)
Susczynska, Malgorzata, “Apologizing in English, Polish and Hungarian: Different Languages, Different Strategies,” Journal of Pragmatics 31 (1999): 1053–65CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mehrotra, R. R., “How to be Polite in Indian English,” International Journal of the Sociology of Language 116 (1995): 99–110CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lipson, M., “Apologizing in Italian and English,” International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching 32–1 (1994): 19–39CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holmes, Janet, “Apologies in New Zealand English,” Language in Society 19 (1990): 155–99CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holmes, Janet, “Sex Differences and Apologies: One Aspect of Communication Competence,” Applied Linguistics 10–2 (1989): 194–213CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trosborg, Anna, “Apology Strategies in Natives/Non-natives,” Journal of Pragmatics 11 (1987): 147–67CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, A. and Olshtain, E., “Comparing Apologies Across Languages,” in Scientific and Humanistic Dimensions of Language, ed. Jankowsky, Kurt (Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1985): 175–83CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blum-Kulka, S. and Olshtain, E., “Requests and Apologies: A Cross-Cultural Study of Speech Act Realization Patterns (CCSARP),” Applied Linguistics 5 (1984): 196–213CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, A. and Olshtain, E., “Developing a Measure of Socio-Cultural Competence: The Case of Apology,” Language Learning 31 (1981): 113–34CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Borkin, A. and Reinhart, S., “‘Excuse Me’ and ‘I’m Sorry,’” TESOL Quarterly 12 (1978): 57–70CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lazare, Aaron, On Apology (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004)Google Scholar
Struthers, C. Ward et al., “The Effects of Attributions of Intent and Apology on Forgiveness: When Sorry May Not Help the Story,” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 44–4 (2008): 983–92CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eaton, J. et al., “When Apologies Fail: The Moderating Effect of Implicit and Explicit Self-Esteem on Apology and Forgiveness,” Self and Identity 6–2 (2007): 209–22CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Risen, J. L. and Gilovich, T., “Target and Observer Differences in the Acceptance of Questionable Apologies,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 92–3 (2007): 418–33CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frantz, Cynthia McPherson and Bennigson, Courtney, “Better Late than Early: The Influence of Timing on Apology Effectiveness,” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 41 (2005): 201–7CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scarlicki, D. P., Folger, Robert, and Gee, Julie, “When Social Accounts Backfire: The Exacerbating Effects of a Polite Message or an Apology on Reactions to an Unfair Outcome,” Journal of Applied Social Psychology 34 (2004): 322–41CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodgins, Holley S. and Liebeskind, Elizabeth, “Apology Versus Defense: Antecedents and Consequences,” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 39 (2003): 297–316CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Miller, Dale T., “Disrespect and the Experience of Injustice,” Annual Review of Psychology 52 (2001): 527–53CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Takaku, Seiji, “The Effects of Apology and Perspective Taking on Interpersonal Forgiveness: A Dissonance-Attribution Model of Interpersonal Forgiveness,” Journal of Social Psychology 141 (2001): 494–508CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gold, Gregg J. and Weiner, Bernard, “Remorse, Confession, Group Identity, and Expectancies About Repeating a Transgression,” Basic and Applied Social Psychology 22 (2000): 291–300CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scher, Steven J. and Darley, John M., “How Effective Are the Things People Say to Apologize? Effects of the Realization of the Apology Speech Act,” Journal of Psycholinguistic Research 26 (1997): 127–40CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hodgins, H. S., Liebeskind, E., and Schwartz, W., “Getting Out of Hot Water: Facework in Social Predicaments,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 71–2 (1996): 300–14CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bennett, Mark and Dewberry, Christopher, “I’ve Said I’m Sorry, Haven't I? A Study of the Identity Implications and Constraints that Apologies Create for Their Recipients,” Current Psychology 13 (1994): 10–21CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bennett, Mark and Earwaker, Deborah, “Victims’ Responses to Apologies: The Effects of Offender Responsibility and Offense Severity,” Journal of Social Psychology 134 (1994): 457–64CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ohbuchi, Ken-ichi and Sato, Kobun, “Children's Reactions to Mitigating Accounts,” Journal of Social Psychology 134 (1994): 5–17CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gonzales, M. H., Manning, D. J., and Haugen, J. A., “Explaining our Sins: Factors Influencing Offender Accounts and Anticipated Victim Responses,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 62–6 (1992): 958–71CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schlenker, Barry R. and Weigold, Michael F., “Interpersonal Processes Involving Impression Regulation and Management,” Annual Review of Psychology 43 (1992): 133–68CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weiner, Bernard et al., “Public Confession and Forgiveness,” Journal of Personality 50 (1991): 281–312CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Darby, Bruce W. and Schlenker, Barry R., “Children's Reactions to Transgressions: Effects of the Actor's Apology, Reputation, and Remorse,” British Journal of Social Psychology 28 (1989): 353–64CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ohbuchi, Ken-ichi et al., “Apology as Aggression Control: Its Role in Mediating Appraisal of and Response to Harm,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 56 (1989): 219–27CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holtgraves, T., “The Function and Form of Remedial Moves: Reported Use, Psychological Reality, and Perceived Effectiveness,” Journal of Language and Social Psychology 8–1 (1989): 1–16CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baron, Robert A., “Attributions and Organizational Conflict: The Mediating Role of Apparent Sincerity,” Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 41 (1988): 111–27CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orleans, Jennifer F. and Gurtman, Michael B., “Effects of Physical Attractiveness and Remorse on Evaluations of Transgressors,” Academic Psychology Bulletin 6 (1984): 49–56Google Scholar
Darby, Bruce W. and Schlenker, Barry R., “Children's Reactions to Apologies,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 43 (1982): 742–53CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schlenker, Barry and Darby, Bruce W., “The Use of Apologies in Social Predicaments,” Social Psychology Quarterly 44 (1981): 271–78CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tedeschi, J. T. and Riordan, C. A., “Impression Management and Prosocial Behavior Following Transgression,” in Impression Management Theory and Social Psychological Research, ed. Tedeschi, J. T. (New York: Academic Press, 1981), 223–44CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tavuchis, NicholasMea Culpa: A Sociology of Apology and Reconciliation (Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 1991)Google Scholar
Tilly, Charles, Credit and Blame (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goffman, Erving, Relations in Public (New York: Basic Books, 1971)Google Scholar
Scott, Marvin B. and Lyman, Stanford M., “Accounts,” American Sociological Review 33 (1968): 46–62CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goffman, Erving, “On Cooling the Mark Out,” Psychiatry 15 (1952): 451–53CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nobles, Melissa, The Politics of Official Apologies (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2008)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Minow, Martha, Between Vengeance and Forgiveness: Facing History after Genocide and Mass Violence (Boston: Beacon, 1998)Google Scholar
Meierhenrich, Jens, “Varieties of Reconciliation,” Law and Social Inquiry 31–1 (2008): 195–231CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tomlinson, Edward C., Dineen, Brian, and Lewicki, Roy, “The Road to Reconciliation: Antecedents of Victim Willingness to Reconcile Following a Broken Promise,” Journal of Management 30 (2004): 165–87CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sitkin, Sim B. and Bies, Robert J., “Social Accounts in Conflict Situations: Using Explanations to Manage Conflict,” Human Relations 46 (1993): 349–70CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barnlund, D. C. and Yoshioka, M., “Apologies: Japanese and American Styles,” International Journal of Intercultural Relations 14 (1990): 193–206CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenberg, Jerald, “Looking Fair vs. Being Far: Managing Impressions of Organizational Justice,” Research in Organizational Behavior 12 (1990): 111–58Google Scholar
Holmes, Janet, Women, Men, and Politeness (New York: Longman, 1995), 182Google Scholar
Tannen, , Talking from 9 to 5: Women and Men at Work (New York: Harper Collins, 1994), 46Google Scholar
Mills, Sara, Gender and Politeness (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 231CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rubin, Jeffrey Z. and Brown, Bert R., The Social Psychology of Bargaining and Negotiation (New York: Academic Press, 1975), 173–74Google Scholar
O’Hara, Erin and Yarn, Douglas, “On Apology and Consilience,” Washington Law Review 77 (2002): 1121–92Google Scholar
Meyerhoff, Miriam, “Sorry in the Pacific: Defining Communities, Defining Practices,” Language in Society 28 (1999): 225–38CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Timmers, M., Fischer, A. H., and Manstead, A. S. R., “Gender Differences in Motives for Regulating Emotions,” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 24 (1998): 974–85CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Holmes, Janet, “Sex Differences and Apologies: One Aspect of Communication Competence,” Applied Linguistics 10–2 (1989): 194–213CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bean, Judith Mattson and Johnstone, Barbara, “Workplace Reasons for Saying You're Sorry: Discourse Task Management and Apology in Telephone Interviews,” Discourse Processes 17 (1994): 59–81CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stoppard, J. M. and Gruchy, C. D., “Gender, Context, and Expression of Positive Emotion,” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 19 (1993): 143–50CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolfson, Nessa, “Pretty Is as Pretty Does: A Speech Act View of Sex Roles,” Applied Linguistics 5–3 (1984): 236–44CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sklar, Rachel, “Ex-NYSE Director Langone on Spitzer: ‘We All Have Our Own Private Hells. I Hope His Private Hell Is Hotter than Anybody Else's,’” Huffington Post, March 28, 2008
Hakim, Danny and Rashbaum, William, “No Federal Prostitution Charges for Spitzer,” New York Times, November 6, 2008
Miller's, Laura “Forgive Me, America, for I Have Sinned,” Salon, October 15, 2008
Bauer's, Susan WiseThe Art of the Public Grovel: Sexual Sin and Public Confession in America (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008)Google Scholar
Woodward, Kenneth, “The Road to Repentance,” Newsweek, September 28, 1998
Hakim, Dany, “Gilded Path to Political Stardom, with Detours,” New York Times, October 12, 2006
Hakim, Danny, “Spitzer Spends Time with Lawyers and Family,” New York Times, April 14, 2008
Hakim, Danny, “Six Months Later, Spitzer is Contrite, Yes, but Sometimes Still Angry,” New York Times, September 28, 2008
Tilly, Charles, Credit and Blame (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2008), 127Google Scholar
Digeser, Peter argues for a forward-looking account of political forgiveness in Political Forgiveness (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2001)Google Scholar
Nietzsche, Friedrich, The Genealogy of Morals, in The Portable Nietzsche, trans. Kaufmann, Walter (New York: Penguin, 1977), 516Google Scholar
Walmsley, Roy, “World Prison Population List,” International Center for Prison Studies (9th ed., 2011)
Mauer, Marc and King, Ryan, A 25 Year Quagmire: The “War on Drugs” and its Impact on American Society (Washington, DC: Sentencing Project, 2007), 2Google Scholar
Alexander, Michelle, The New Jim Crow (New York: The New Press, 2010), 6Google Scholar
Binder, Guyora and Smith, Nick, “Framed: Utilitarianism and Punishment of the Innocent,” Rutgers Law Journal 32 (2000): 115–224Google Scholar
Allen, Francis, The Decline of the Rehabilitative Ideal (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1981)Google Scholar
Murphy, Jeffrie, Punishment and Rehabilitation (New York: Wadsworth Publishing Company, 1994)Google Scholar
Morris, Norval and Rothman, David, The Oxford History of Punishment: The Practice of Punishment in Western Society (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997)Google Scholar
Rothman, David, The Discovery of the Asylum: Social Order and Disorder in the New Republic (Boston: Little Brown, 1971)Google Scholar
Fletcher, George, “Material Poverty – Moral Poverty,” in From Social Justice to Criminal Justice: Poverty and the Administration of Criminal Law, eds. Heffernan, William and Kleinig, John (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), 240Google Scholar
Davis, Angela, Are Prisons Obsolete? (New York: Seven Stories Press, 2003)Google Scholar
makes, Duff a similar point in Punishment, Communication, and Community (New York: Oxford, 2001), 32Google Scholar
Reiman, Jeffrey and Leighton, Paul, The Rich Get Rich and the Poor Get Prison: Ideology, Class, and Criminal Justice, 9th ed. (Boston: Pearson, 2010), 4Google Scholar
Tasioulas, John, “Punishment and Repentance,” Philosophy 2 (2006): 279CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hart, H. L. A., “Prolegomenon to the Principles of Punishment,” Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 60 (1959–60): 1Google Scholar
Foucault, Michel, The History of Sexuality: An Introduction, Volume I, trans. Hurley, Robert (New York: Vintage Books, 1978), 58Google Scholar
Foucault, Michel, Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, trans. Sheridan, Alan (New York: Vintage Books, 1995), 38Google Scholar
Wright, Martin, Justice for Victims and Offenders: A Restorative Response to Crime (Philadelphia: Open Press, 1991), 17–18Google Scholar
Friedman, Lawrence, Crime and Punishment in American History (New York: Basic Books, 1993), 25–26Google Scholar
Friedman, , Crime and Punishment in American History, 26
Fireside, Harvey, Soviet Psychoprisons (New York: Norton, 1982)Google Scholar
Lifton, Robert Jay, Thought Reform and the Psychology of Totalism: A Study of “Brainwashing” in China (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989)Google Scholar
Rothman, David, The Discovery of the Asylum: Social Order and Disorder in the New Republic (Boston: Little Brown, 1971), 107Google Scholar
Scharff Smith, Peter, “The Effects of Solitary Confinement on Prison Inmates,” Crime and Justice 34 (2006): 441–528CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Curie, Elliott, Crime and Punishment in America (New York: Henry Holt, 1998), 21Google Scholar
Richardson, Minneapolis V., 239 N.W.2d 197, 206 (Minn. 1976)
Rawls, John, A Theory of Justice (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1971)Google Scholar
Wallace, R. J., Responsibility and the Moral Sentiments (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1998)Google Scholar
Tangney, J. P. and Fischer, K. eds., Self-Conscious Emotions: The Psychology of Shame, Guilt, Embarrassment, and Pride (New York: Guilford Press, 1995)
Williams, Bernard, Shame and Necessity (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994)Google Scholar
Taylor, G., Pride, Shame, and Guilt: Emotions of Self-Assessment (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1985)Google Scholar
Morris, Herbert, ed., Guilt and Shame (Belmont: Wadsworth Press, 1971)Google Scholar
Calhoun, Cheshire, “An Apology for Moral Shame,” Journal of Political Philosophy 12–2 (2004): 127–46CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Deigh, J., “Shame and Self-Esteem: A Critique,” Ethics 93 (1983): 225–45CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morris, Herbert, “Persons and Punishment,” The Monist 52 (1968): 475–501.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bennett, Christopher, “Taking the Sincerity Out of Saying Sorry: Restorative Justice as Ritual,” Journal of Applied Philosophy 23–2 (2006): 130CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duff, , “Punishment, Communication, and Community,” in Debates in Contemporary Political Philosophy: An Anthology, eds. Matravers, Derek and Pike, Jonathan (New York: Routledge, 2003), 397Google Scholar
Nevada, Riggins V., 504 U.S. 127, 144 (1992)
Moore, Michael, “Causation and the Criminal Law,” in The Oxford Handbook of Criminal Law, eds. Deigh, John and Dolinko, David (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011), 169Google Scholar
von Hirsch, Andrew, Proportionate Sentencing: Exploring the Principles (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), 122CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tunick, Mark, Punishment Theory and Practice (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992), 20–28Google Scholar
Hegel, G. W. F., The Philosophy of Right, trans. Knox, T. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1942), 246Google Scholar
Lippke, Richard, The Ethics of Plea Bargaining (New York: Oxford, 2011)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bazelon, Emily, “Say You're Sorry. Is Forcing Your Kids to Apologize a Bad Idea?” Slate, January 8, 2008
Straus, Murray, Beating the Devil Out of Them: Corporal Punishment in American Families and its Effects on Children (San Francisco: Lexington, 1994)Google Scholar
Braithwaite, John, Crime, Shame, and Reintegration (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989), 67CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nussbaum, Martha, Upheavals of Thought (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
El Nasser, Haya, “Paying for Crime With Shame,” USA Today, June 25, 1996
Sussman, David, “What's Wrong with Torture?Philosophy and Public Affairs 33–1 (2005): 1–33CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Byrnes, Fischer V., Queensland Anti-Discrimination Tribunal 33 (Aug. 8, 2006)
Peterson, Carol, “The Failure of the Hong Kong Court of Appeal to Recognise and Remedy Disability Discrimination,” Hong Kong Law Journal 30 (2000)Google Scholar
Skellern v. Colonial Gardens Resort Townsville & Anor, (1996) EOC P92–792. See also Valcic, Krepp V., (1993) EOC P92–520; and Woomera Aboriginal Corporation v. Edwards & Ano, (1994) EOC P92–653Google Scholar
Imperial Diner v. State Human Rights Appeals Bd., 417 N.E.2d 525, 529 (1980)
Chuen, Ma Bik Yung v. Ko, CACV 267/99, 9 (2000)
Maynard, Wooley v., 430 U.S. 705, 714 (1977)
Smith, Griffith V., 30 Va. Cir. 250 (1993); Imperial Diner, Inc. v. State Human Rights Appeal Bd., 417 N.E.2d 525 (NY 1980)Google Scholar
Horwitz, Andrew, “Coercion, Pop-Psychology, and Judicial Moralizing: Some Proposals for Curbing Judicial Abuse of Probation Conditions,” Washington and Lee Law Review 57 (2000), 114Google Scholar
Fish, Stanley, There's No Such Thing as Free Speech (New York: Oxford, 1994), 104Google Scholar
Kicklighter v. Evans County School District, 968 F. Supp. 712, 719 (S.D. Ga. 1997).
R. v. Northwest Territories Power Corporation (1990), 5 C.E.L.R. (N.S.) 67, 75–77
Carroll, Robyn, “You Can't Order Sorriness, So Is There Any Value in an Ordered Apology?: An Analysis of Ordered Apologies in Anti-discrimination Cases,” University of New South Wales Law Journal 33–2 (2010): 360–85Google Scholar
Kierkegaard, Sören, Purity of Heat Is to Will One Thing, trans. Steere, D. (New York: Harper and Row, 1956), 35Google Scholar
Lowell Nygaard, Richard, “On the Role of Forgiveness in Criminal Sentencing," Seton Hall Law Review 27 (1997): 1014Google Scholar
Hampton, Jean, “The Moral Education Theory of Punishment,” Philosophy and Public Affairs, 13–3 (1984): 234Google Scholar
Sweeten, G., Piquero, A. R., and Steinberg, L., “Age and the Explanation of Crime, Revisited,” Journal of Youth and Adolescence42–6 (2013): 921–38CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hosser, Daniela, Windzio, Michael, and Greve, Werner, “Guilt and Shame and Predictors of Recidivism: A Longitudinal Study with Young Prisoners,” Criminal Justice and Behavior 35–1 (2008): 138–52CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodogno, Raffaele, “Shame and Guilt in Restorative Justice,” Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 14 (2008): 155CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Haley, John, “Apology and Pardon: Learning from Japan,” American Behavioral Scientist 41–6 (1998): 842–967CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Hear, Michael, “Appellate Review of Sentences: Reconsidering Deference,” William and Mary Law Review 51 (2010): 2123–67Google Scholar
Duff, R. A., “Virtue, Vice, and Criminal Liability: Do We Want an Aristotelian Criminal Law?Buffalo Criminal Law Review 6–1 (2002): 169CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Braithwaite, , Restorative Justice and Responsive Regulation (New York: Oxford University Press, 2002), 16Google Scholar
Ohbuchi, Ken-ichi, “Apology as Regression Control,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 56–2 (1989): 219–27CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kelling, George and Coles, Catherine, Fixing Broken Windows: Restoring Order and Reducing Crimes in Our Communities (New York: Touchstone, 1996)Google Scholar
Fletcher, George, With Justice for Some: Protecting Victims’ Rights in Criminal Trials (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1996), 248Google Scholar
Bayley, D. H., Forces of Order: Police Behavior in Japan and the United States [Berkeley: University of California Press, 1976], 156)Google Scholar
Ahmed, Eliza, Harris, Nathan, Braithwaite, John, and Braithwaite, Valerie, Shame Management through Reintegration (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2001), 52Google Scholar
Nussbaum, Martha, “Adaptive Preferences and Women's Options,” Economics and Philosophy 17 (2001): 67–88CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Etzioni, Amitai, Civic Repentance (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1999), 31Google Scholar
Marx, Karl, Capital: Volume I, trans. Moore, Samuel and Aveling, Edward and ed. Engels, Frederick (London: Swan Sonnenschein, 1906), 736–37Google Scholar
Peetchesky, Rosalind, “At Hard Labor: Penal Confinement and Production in Nineteenth Century America,” in Crime and Capitalism, ed. Greenberg, David (Palo Alto: Mayfield, 1981), 341Google Scholar
Kochar, Rakesh, Fry, Richard, and Taylor, Paul, “Wealth Gaps Rise to Record Highs Between Whites, Blacks, Hispanics,” Pew Social and Demographic Trends, July 26, 2001
Quinney, Richard, Bearing Witness to Crime and Social Justice (Albany: State University of New York, 2000), 115Google Scholar
Smith, Nick, “Commodification in Law: Ideologies, Intractabilities, and Hyperboles,” Continental Philosophy Review 42–1 (2009): 101–29CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pashukanis, Evgeny, The General Theory of Law and Marxism, trans. Einhorn, Barbara (New Bruswick: Transaction, 2007), 180–81Google Scholar
Simmel, Georg, The Philosophy of Money, trans. Bottomore, Tom and Frisby, David (London: Routledge, 1978), 445Google Scholar
Simmel, George, “The Metropolis and Mental Life,” in Simmel on Culture, ed. Frisby, David (London: Sage, 1997), 176Google Scholar
Marx, Karl, Grundrisse, trans. Nicolaus, M. (New York: Vintage, 1973), 222Google Scholar
Marx, Karl, “On James Mill,” in Karl Marx: Selected Writings, ed. McLellan, David (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), 128Google Scholar
Waller, Bruce, Against Moral Responsibility (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2011), 309CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ross, Lee, “The Intuitive Psychologist and His Shortcomings: Distortions in the Attribution Process,” in Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, ed. Berkowitz, L. (New York: Academic Press, 1977), 173–220Google Scholar
Bonger, Willem, An Introduction to Criminology (London: Methuen, 1936), 75–76Google Scholar
Murphy, Jeffrie, “Marxism and Retribution,” in A Reader on Punishment, eds. Duff, Antony and Garland, David (New York: Oxford, 1994), 61–62Google Scholar
Everett, Ronald S. and Nienstedt, Barbara C., “Race, Remorse, and Sentence Reduction: Is Saying You're Sorry Enough?Justice Quarterly 16–1 (1999): 117–18CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doyle, James, “The Lawyer's Art: ‘Representation’ in Capital Cases,” Yale Journal of Law and the Humanities 8–2 (1996): 431Google Scholar
Rand, Joseph, “The Demeanor Gap: Race, Lie Detection, and the Jury,” Connecticut Law Review 33–1 (2000): 1–4Google Scholar
Mann, Kenneth et al., “Sentencing the White-Collar Offender,” American Criminal Law Review 17 (1980): 500Google Scholar
Marx, Karl, “Capital Punishment,” New York Daily Tribune, February 18, 1853
Green, David, When Children Kill Children: Penal Populism and Political Culture (New York: Oxford, 2008), 35CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Platt, Tony, “Prospects of a Radical Criminology in the USA,” Crime and Social Justice 1 (1974): 2–10Google Scholar
Strawson, P. F., “Freedom and Resentment,” Proceedings of the British Academy 48 (1962): 1–25Google Scholar
Smiley, Marion considers how our judgments of culpability track our social, political, and economic conditions in Moral Responsibility and the Boundaries of Community (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1992)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dennet, Daniel, Freedom Evolves (New York: Penguin, 2004), 289Google Scholar
Wallace, R. J., Responsibility and the Moral Sentiments (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1994)Google Scholar
Dennett, , Elbow Room: The Varieties of Free Will Worth Wanting (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1984)Google Scholar
Pereboom, Derk, Living without Free Will (New York: Cambridge, 2001)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Four Views on Free Will (New York: Blackwell, 2007)
Leape, Lucian, “Error in Medicine,” Journal of the American Medical Association 272 (1994): 1851–52CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Eggers, David and Vollen, Lola, Surviving Justice: America's Wrongfully Convicted and Exonerated (San Francisco: McSweeneys, 2005)Google Scholar
Hay, Douglass, “Property, Authority, and Criminal Law,” in Hay, Douglas et al., Albion's Fatal Tree: Crime and Society in Eighteenth-Century England (New York: Pantheon, 1976), 17–63Google Scholar
Gangi, Robert, Schiraldi, Vincent, and Ziedenberg, Jason, New York State of Mind: Higher Education vs. Prison Funding in the Empire State, 1988–1998 (Washington, DC: Justice Policy Institute, 1998)Google Scholar
Sterngold, James, “Prisons’ Budget to Trump Colleges’: No other Big State Spends as Much to Incarcerate Compared with Higher Education Funding,” San Francisco Chronicle, May 21, 2007
Mabbott, J. D., “Punishment,” Mind 48 (1939): 157Google Scholar
Landon, James, “Character Evidence: Getting to the Root of the Problem through Comparison,” American Journal of Criminal Law 24 (1997): 581–615Google Scholar
Dressler, Joshua, Understanding Criminal Law (New York: Matthew Bender, 1987), 461Google Scholar
Nozick, Robert, Philosophical Explanations (Cambridge: Harvard, 1983), 385Google Scholar
Swinburne, Richard, Responsibility and Atonement (New York: Oxford, 1989), 81CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blumenthal, Jeremy, “Law and the Emotions: The Problems of Affective Forecasting,” Indiana Law Journal 80 (2005): 166–72Google Scholar
Griswold, Charles, “The Nature and Ethics of Vengeful Anger,” in Passion and Emotions, ed. Fleming, James (New York: NYU Press, 2013), 77–126Google Scholar
The Portable Nietzsche, ed. Kaufmann, Walter (New York: Penguin, 1976), 206
Solomon, Robert, In Defense of Sentimentality (Oxford: New York, 2004), 37CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dennett, Daniel, “Some Observations of the Psychology of Thinking about Free Will,” in Are We Free? Psychology and Free Will, eds. Baer, John, Kaufman, James, and Baumeister, Roy (New York: Oxford, 2008), 258Google Scholar
Ackerman, Gwen, “Jordan's King Touches Israelis by Joining Them in Mourning,” Associated Press, March 16, 1997
Markel, Dan, “Against Mercy,” Minnesota Law Review 88 (2004): 1453–73
Braithwaite, , “Repentance Rituals and Restorative Justice,” Journal of Political Philosophy 8–1 (2000): 116CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Merle, Jean-Christophe, German Idealism and the Concept of Punishment, trans. Kominkiewicz, Joseph J. with Merle, Jean-Christophe and Brown, Frances (New York: Cambridge, 2009), 13CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Duff, , “Penance, Punishment, and the Limits of Community,” 307. Avishai Margalit offers a similar argument in The Decent Society (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996), 75Google Scholar
Lipkin, R. J., “Punishment, Penance, and Respect for Autonomy,” Social Theory and Practice 14 (1988): 96CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Solomon, Robert, True to Our Feelings (New York: Oxford, 2007), 95Google Scholar
Black's Law Dictionary, 6th edition (St. Paul, MN: West, 1991)
Barstow, David, “Officer, Seeking Some Mercy, Admits, to Louima's Torture,” New York Times, May 26, 1999
Fisher, George, Plea Bargaining's Triumph: A History of Plea Bargaining in America (Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 2003)Google Scholar
Binder, Guyora, Felony Murder (Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 2012)Google Scholar
O’Hear, Michael, “Solving the Good-Time Puzzle: Why Following the Rules Should Get You Out of Prison Early,” Wisconsin Law Review 1 (2012): 217Google Scholar
Elster, Jon, “Redemption for Wrongdoing: The Fate of Collaborators after 1945,” Journal of Conflict Resolution 50–3 (2006): 336CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dubber, Markus, “Policing Possession: The War on Crime and the End of Criminal Law,” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 91 (2001): 829–996, 849CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boccaccini, Marc et al., “I Want to Apologize, But I Don't Want Everyone to Know: A Public Apology as Pretrial Publicity between a Criminal and Civil Case,” Law and Psychology Review 32 (2008): 50–51Google Scholar
Hoffman, Morris, “The Case for Jury Sentencing,” Duke Law Journal 52–5 (2003): 951–1010Google Scholar
Duncan, Martha Grace, “So Young and So Untender: Remorseless Children and the Expectations of the Law,” Columbia Law Review 102 (2002): 1471CrossRef
Bennett, Mark, “Heartstrings or Heartburn: A Federal Judge's Musings on Defendants’ Rite and Right of Allocution,” Champion 35 (2011): 28Google Scholar
Moore, K. D., Pardons: Justice, Mercy, and the Public Interest (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989)Google Scholar
Murphy, Jeffrie and Hampton, Jean, Forgiveness and Mercy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dan-Cohen, Meir, “Revising the Past: The Metaphysics of Repentance,” in Forgiveness, Mercy, and Clemency, eds. Sarat, Austin and Hussain, Nassar (Palo Alto: Stanford, 2007): 117Google Scholar
Calhoun, Cheshire, “Changing One's Heart,” Ethics 103 (1992): 76–96CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Twambley, P., “Mercy and Forgiveness,” Analysis 36 (1976): 84–90CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Card, Claudia, “Mercy,” Philosophical Review 81 (1972): 182–207CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arendt, Hannah, The Human Condition (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1968), 241Google Scholar
Rashdall, H., A Theory of Good and Evil (London: Oxford University Press, 1924)Google Scholar
Heyd, D., “Beyond the Call of Duty in Kant's Ethics,” Kant-Studien 71 (1980): 308–24CrossRefGoogle Scholar
“Tire Victim: Apology Seemed Sincere,” CBS News, January 9, 2001
Harr, Jonathan, A Civil Action (New York: Vintage, 1996), 452Google Scholar
“Tragic Story Marks Debate over Limits on Suing Doctors,” Wisconsin State Journal, October 15, 1997
Jenks, Andrew, Perils of Progress: Environmental Disasters in the 20th Century (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson, 2010), 19Google Scholar
Emmet Hernan, Robert, This Borrowed Earth (New York: Palgrave, 2010), 9–30Google Scholar
Upham, Frank, Law and Social Change in Post-War Japan (New York: Cambridge, 1987), 47–48Google Scholar
Savage, David and Jackson, Robert, “Paula Jones's Lawyers Quit, Citing Disagreement,” L.A. Times, September 9, 1997, A7
Andrews, Edmund, “None Prove So Stubborn as a Giant Spurned; G.M. Never Wavered in Its 4-Year Fight Over Executive Who Defected to VW,” New York Times, January 11, 1997
Ireland, Thomas and Ward, John, Valuing Children in Litigation: Family and Individual Loss Assessment (Tucson: Lawyers and Judges Publishing Co., 1995)Google Scholar
Rand, Ayn, Atlas Shrugged (New York: Vintage, 1957), 410–15Google Scholar
Schlag, Pierre, “The De-Differentiation Problem,” Continental Philosophy Review 42–1 (2009): 35–62CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sternlight, Jean, “Lawyers’ Representation of Clients in Mediation: Using Economics and Psychology to Structure Advocacy in a Non-Adversarial Setting,” Ohio State Journal of Dispute Resolution 14 (1999): 271Google Scholar
Willing, Richard, “Lawsuits a Volume Business at Wal Mart,” USA Today, August 13, 2001
Conner, Roger and Jordan, Patricia, “Never Being Able to Say You're Sorry: Barriers to Apology by Leaders in Group Conflicts,” Law and Contemporary Problems 72 (2009): 233–82Google Scholar
Atran, Scott and Ginges, Jeremy, “How Words Could End a War,” New York Times, January 24, 2009
Miller, William Ian, Faking It (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 92CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Studdert, David, Mello, Michelle, Gawande, Atul, Brennan, Troyen, and Claire Wong, Y., “Disclosure of Medical Injury to Patients: An Improbable Risk Management Strategy,” Health Affairs 26 (2007): 216CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gallegos, Alicia, “Massachusetts Hospitals Launch Patient Apology Program,” American Medical News, May 21, 2012
Hansen, Suzy, “The Price of Pain,” Salon, July 15, 2002
Romney, Mitt, No Apology: The Case for American Greatness (New York: St. Martin's Press, 2010)Google Scholar
“Japan's Official Responses to Reparations,” in When Sorry Isn't Enough: The Controversy over Apologies and Reparations for Human Injustice, ed. Brooks, Roy (New York: New York University Press, 1999), 127–28
Pettigrove, , “Hannah Arendt and Collective Forgiving,” Journal of Social Philosophy 37–4 (2007): 483–500CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Searle, John, The Social Construction of Reality (New York: Free Press, 1995)Google Scholar
Bratman, Michael, Faces of Intention (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999):109–29CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gilbert, Margaret, On Social Facts (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992)Google Scholar
Engels, Frederick, The Condition of the Working Class in England, trans. Henderson, W. O. and Chaloner, W. H. (Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 1958), 108–09Google Scholar
Dubber's, MarkusThe Sense of Justice: Empathy in Law and Punishment (New York: NYU Press, 2006)Google Scholar
Stueber, Karsten, Rediscovering Empathy Agency, Folk Psychology, and the Human Sciences (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2006)Google Scholar
Eisenberg, N., “Empathy-related Emotional Responses, Altruism, and Their Socialization,” in Visions of Compassion: Western Scientists and Tibetan Buddhists Examine Human Nature, eds. Davidson, R. J. and Harrington, A. (London: Oxford University Press, 2002), 131–64CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Håkansson, J. and Montgomery, H., “Empathy as an Interpersonal Phenomenon,” Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 20–3 (2003): 267–84CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Preston, Stephanie and de Waal, Frans B. M., “Empathy: Its Ultimate and Proximate Bases,” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25 (2002): 1–72Google ScholarPubMed
Hoffman, M. L., Empathy and Moral Development (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2000)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eisenberg, N. and Strayer, J. eds., Empathy and its Development (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987)
Darwell, Stephen, Welfare and Rational Care (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004), 3Google Scholar
Stocker, Michael and Hegeman, Elizabeth, Valuing Emotions (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), 214–17Google Scholar
Nussbaum, , “Equity and Mercy,” Philosophy and Public Affairs 22 (1993): 83–125Google Scholar
Goldberg, Stephen, Green, Eric, and Sander, Frank, “Saying You're Sorry,” Negotiation Journal 3 (1987): 222–23CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, 558 U.S. 310 (2010)
, Robbennolt, “Apologies and Legal Settlement,” note 214. These sources include Cal. Assembly Comm. on Judiciary, Comment to Cal. Evid. Code 1160: “The author introduced this bill in an attempt to reduce lawsuits and encourage settlements by fostering the use of apologies in connection with accident-related injuries or death.”; S.B. 1477, 21st leg. (Haw. 2001): legislation will allow parties to “reach out to others in a humane way without fear of having such a communication used subsequently as an admission of liability”; and Tennessee Advisory Comm. Comment on Tenn. R. Evid. § 409.1: legislation was “designed to encourage the settlement of lawsuits.”Google Scholar
Kane, Arthur, “GOP Pushes Tort Reform in Colorado,” Denver Post, April 6, 2003
Rayner, Jay, Eating Crow (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2004), 254Google Scholar
Mihai, Mihaela, “When the State Says ‘Sorry’: State Apologies as Exemplary Political Judgments,” Journal of Political Philosophy 21–2 (2013): 200–20CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Verdeja, Ernesto, “Official Apologies in the Aftermath of Political Violence,” Metaphilosophy 41–4 (2010): 563–81CrossRefGoogle Scholar
George, Timothy, Minamata: Pollution and the Struggle for Democracy in Postwar Japan (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2001)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
“Questions for a Reluctant Jurisprudence of Alterity,” Essays on Levinas and Law: A Mosaic, ed. Manderson, Desmond (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2008), 55–75
Adorno vs. Levinas: Evaluating Points of Contention,” Continental Philosophy Review 40/3 (2007): 275–306CrossRef
Levinas, Emmanuel, Totality and Infinity, trans. Lingis, Alphonso (Pittsburgh: Duquesne University Press, 1969), 40.Google Scholar
Cohen, Raymond, “A Time to Heal: Pope John Paul II's Penitential Gesture at Jerusalem's Western Wall,” in Public Apology Between Ritual and Regret, eds. Cuypers, Daniel, Janssen, Daniel, Haers, Jacques, and Segaert, Barbara (Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2013), 65–78.Google Scholar
Borneman, John, Political Crime and the Memory of Loss (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2011), 50.Google Scholar
Harada, Masazumi, Minamata Disease, trans. Sachie, Tsushima and George, Timothy (Minamata Disease Patient's Alliance, 2004), 56Google Scholar
Hawaii v. Office of Hawaiian Affairs, 129 S. Ct. 1436 (2009)
The Supreme Court, 2008 Term: Leading Cases,” Harvard Law Review 123 (2009): 310.
Office of Haw. Affairs v. Hous. & Cmty. Dev. Corp. of Haw., 177 P.3d 884, 922 (Haw. 2008).
Hawaii, 129 S. Ct. 1436 (2009) (No. 07–1372), 2009 WL 462660
Stone, Christopher, Where the Law Ends: The Social Control of Corporate Behavior (New York: Harper and Row, 1975)Google Scholar
Risser, David, “Punishing Corporations: A Proposal,” Business and Professional Ethics Journal 8–3 (1989): 83-92CrossRefGoogle Scholar
French, Peter, “The Hester Prynne Sanction,” Business and Professional Ethics Journal 4–2 (1985): 19-32CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenks, Andrew, Perils of Progress: Environmental Disasters in the 20th Century (Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson, 2010), 32Google Scholar
Baxandall, Phineas and Pierannunzi, Ryan, “Subsidizing Bad Behavior: How Corporate Legal Settlements for Harming the Public Become Lucrative Tax Write Offs, with Recommendations for Reform,” U.S.PIRG Education Fund (2013), 1Google Scholar
Perrow, Charles, Normal Accidents: Living with High-Risk Technologies (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1999), 69–70Google Scholar
Ray, Alan, “Native American Identity and the Challenge of Kennewick Man,” Temple Law Review 79 (2006): 89–154Google Scholar
Miller, Jon and Kumar, Rahul, eds., Reparations: Interdisciplinary Inquiries (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007)
Nelkin, Melissa, “Negotiation and Psychoanalysis: If I’d Wanted to Learn About Feelings, I Wouldn't Have Gone to Law School,” Journal of Legal Education 46 (1996): 420–29Google Scholar
Bakan, Joel, The Corporation: The Pathological Pursuit of Profit and Power (New York: Free Press, 2004).Google Scholar
Mackay, Alan, A Dictionary of Scientific Quotations (London: Taylor and Francis, 1991), 35Google Scholar
Knütel, Christian, Tätige Reue im Zivilrecht (Berlin: Duncker and Humblot, 2000)Google Scholar
Feldmanis, Laura, “Abandonment of Attempt to Commit Offence: Challenge to Penal Law Principle?Juridica 2 (2013): 128–38Google Scholar
Sevdiren, Oznur, Alternatives to Imprisonment in England and Wales, Germany and Turkey: A Comparative Study (New York: Springer, 2011)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Semukhina, Olga and Reynolds, Michael, “Plea Bargaining Implementation and Acceptance in Modern Russia: A Disconnect Between the Legal Institutions and the Citizens,” International Criminal Justice Review 19 (2009): 400–32, 417CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Löschnig-Gspandl, Marianne and Kilchling, Michael, “Victim-Offender Mediation and Victim Compensation in Austria and Germany – Stocktaking and Perspectives for Future Research,” European Journal of Crime, Criminal Law and Criminal Justice 5–1 (1997): 58–78CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Notes
  • Nick Smith, University of New Hampshire
  • Book: Justice through Apologies
  • Online publication: 05 June 2014
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511843969.010
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Notes
  • Nick Smith, University of New Hampshire
  • Book: Justice through Apologies
  • Online publication: 05 June 2014
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511843969.010
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Notes
  • Nick Smith, University of New Hampshire
  • Book: Justice through Apologies
  • Online publication: 05 June 2014
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511843969.010
Available formats
×