Adams, Michael. 2011. ‘The spectrum of invention’, in Adams, Michael (ed.), From Elvish to Klingon: exploring invented languages. Oxford University Press, pp. 1–16Google Scholar

Aiello, Leslie C. 1998. ‘The foundation of human language’, in Jablonski, and Aiello, , pp. 21–34

Aiello, Leslie C., and Dunbar, Robin I. M.. 1993. ‘Neocortex size, group size, and the evolution of language’, Current Anthropology 34: 184–93CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Aiello, Leslie C., and Wheeler, Peter. 1995. ‘The expensive tissue hypothesis; the brain and the digestive system in human and primate evolution’, Current Anthropology 36: 199–221CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Aitchison, Jean. 1996. The seeds of speech: language origin and evolution. Cambridge University PressGoogle Scholar

Alexander, Richard D. 1977. ‘Review of The use and abuse of biology (Marshall Sahlins)’, American Anthropologist 77: 917–20Google Scholar

Alexiades, Miguel N. 2009. ‘Mobility and migration in indigenous Amazonia: contemporary ethnoecological perspectives: an introduction’, in Alexiades, Miguel N. (ed.), Mobility and migration in indigenous Amazonia: contemporary ethnoecological perspectives. Oxford: Berghahn Books, pp. 1–43Google Scholar

Allen, Nicholas J., Callan, Hilary, Dunbar, Robin, and James, Wendy (eds.). 2008. Early human kinship: from sex to social reproduction. Oxford: Blackwell PublishingCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ambrose, Stanley. H. 1998. ‘Late Pleistocene human population bottlenecks, volcanic winter, and differentiation of modern humans’. Journal of Human Evolution 34(6): 633–51CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Andresen, Julie Tetel. 2014. Linguistics and evolution: a developmental approach. Cambridge University PressGoogle Scholar

Anon. 2015. ‘Jewellery for Neanderthals’, The Week: The Best of British and International Media 1015 (25 March 2015): 20

Arbib, Michael A. 2012. How the brain got language: the mirror system hypothesis. New York: Oxford University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Armitage, Simon J., Jasim, Sabah A., Marks, Anthony E., Parker, Adrian G., Usik, Vitaly I. and Uerpmann, Hans-Peter. 2011. ‘The southern route “out of Africa”: evidence for an early expansion of modern humans into Arabia’, Science 331: 453–6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Armstrong, Karen. 2006. A short history of myth. Edinburgh: Canongate BooksGoogle Scholar

Atkinson, Quentin D. 2011. ‘Phonemic diversity supports a serial founder effect model of language expansion from Africa’, Science 332: 246–9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bancel, Pierre J. and Matthey de l'Etang, Alain. 2013. ‘Brave new words’, in Lefebvre, , Comrie, and Cohen, , pp. 333–77

Barham, Lawrence and Mitchell, Peter. 2008. The first Africans: African archaeology from the earliest toolmakers to most recent foragers. Cambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Barnard, Alan. 1976. Nharo Bushman kinship and the transformation of Khoi kin categories. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of London

Barnard, Alan 1978. ‘Universal system of kin categorization’, African Studies 37: 69–81CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Barnard, Alan 1980. ‘Sex roles among the Nharo Bushmen of Botswana’, Africa 50: 115–24CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Barnard, Alan 1988. ‘Kinship, language and production: a conjectural history of Khoisan social structure’, Africa 58: 29–50CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Barnard, Alan 1992. Hunters and herders of southern Africa: a comparative ethnography of the Khoisan peoples. Cambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Barnard, Alan 1995. ‘Orang Outang and the definition of Man’, in Vermeulen, Han F. and Roldán, Arturo Álvarez (eds.), Fieldwork and footnotes: studies in the history of European anthropology. London: Routledge, pp. 95–112Google Scholar

Barnard, Alan 1998. ‘An anthropologist among the primatologists’, Budongo Forest Project 1(3): 1–3Google Scholar

Barnard, Alan 1999. ‘Modern hunter-gatherers and early symbolic culture’, in Dunbar, , Knight, and Power, , pp. 50–68

Barnard, Alan 2000. History and theory in anthropology. Cambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Barnard, Alan 2002. ‘The foraging mode of thought’, Senri Ethnological Studies 60: 5–24Google Scholar

Barnard, Alan 2003. ‘!Ke e: /xarra //ke – multiple origins and multiple meanings of the motto’, African Studies 62: 241–8CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Barnard, Alan 2004a. ‘Hunting-and-gathering society: an eighteenth-century Scottish invention’, in Barnard, 2004b, pp. 31–43

Barnard, Alan (ed.). 2004b. Hunter-gatherers in history, archaeology and anthropology. Oxford: BergGoogle Scholar

Barnard, Alan 2008a. ‘The co-evolution of language and kinship’, in Allen, et al., pp. 232–43

Barnard, Alan 2008b. ‘Ethnographic analogy and the reconstruction of early Khoekhoe society’, in Sadr, Karim and Fauvelle-Aymar, Francois-Xavier (eds.), Khoekhoe and the origins of herding in southern Africa (Southern African Humanities 20). Pietermaritzburg: Natal Museum, pp. 61–75Google Scholar

Barnard, Alan 2009. ‘Social origins: sharing, exchange, kinship’, in Botha, and Knight, , pp. 219–35

Barnard, Alan 2010. ‘Culture: the indigenous account’, in James, Deborah, Plaice, Evlie and Toren, Christina (eds.), Culture wars: context, models and anthropologists’ accounts. New York: Berghahn Books, pp. 73–85Google Scholar

Barnard, Alan 2011. Social anthropology and human origins. Cambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Barnard, Alan 2012. Genesis of symbolic thought. Cambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Barnard, Alan 2013. ‘Cognitive and social aspects of language origins’, in Lefebvre, , Comrie, and Cohen, , pp. 53–71

Barnard, Alan 2014. ‘The Ju/’hoan-Naro contact area’, in Barnard, Alan and Boden, Gertrud (eds.), Southern African Khoisan kinship systems (Research in Khoisan Studies 30). Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe Verlag, pp. 209–22Google Scholar

Bar-Yosef, Ofer. 2008. ‘Can Paleolithic stone artifacts serve as evidence for prehistoric language?’, in Bengtson, , pp. 373–9

Beaken, Mike. 2011. The making of language (second edition). Edinburgh: DunedinGoogle Scholar

Behar, Doron M., Villems, Richard, Soodyall, Himla, Blue-Smith, Jason, Pereira, Luisa, Metspalu, Ene, Scozzari, Rosaria, Makkan, Heeran, Tzur, Shay, Comas, David, Bertranpetit, Jaume, Quintana-Murci, Lluis, Tyler-Smith, Chris, Wells, R. Spencer, Rosset, Saharon and the Genographic Consortium. 2008. ‘The dawn of human matrilineal diversity’, American Journal of Human Genetics 82: 1–11CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bengtson, John D. (ed.) 2008. In hot pursuit of language in prehistory: essays in the four fields of anthropology in honor of Harold Crane Fleming. Amsterdam: John BenjaminsCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bergman, Thore J. 2013. ‘Speech-like vocalized lip-smacking in geladas’, Current Biology 23(7): R268–9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Berent, Iris. 2013. The phonological mind. Cambridge University PressGoogle ScholarPubMed

Berlin, Brent and Kay, Paul. 1969. Basic color terms: their universality and evolution. Cambridge University PressGoogle Scholar

Berwick, Robert C., Hauser, Marc D. and Tattersall, Ian. 2013. ‘Neanderthal language? Just-so stories take center stage’, Frontiers in Psychology 4: 671. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00671 (2 pages)CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bettinger, Robert L. 1991. Hunter-gatherers: archaeological and evolutionary theory. New York: Plenum PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bettinger, Robert L. 2009. Hunter-gatherer foraging: five simple models. New York: Eliot Werner PublicationsGoogle Scholar

Beyin, Amanuel. 2011. ‘Upper Pleistocene human dispersals out of Africa: a review of the current state of the debate’, International Journal of Evolutionary Biology 2011 (Article ID 615094). doi: 10.4061/2011/615094.17 pagesCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bickerton, Derek. 1981. Roots of language. Ann Arbor, MI: KaromaGoogle Scholar

Bickerton, Derek 2009. Adam's tongue: how humans made language, how language made humans. New York: Hill and WangGoogle Scholar

Bickerton, Derek 2012. ‘The origins of syntactic language’, in Tallerman and Gibson 2012a, pp. 456–68

Bickerton, Derek 2014. More than nature needs: language, mind, and evolution. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Binford, Lewis R. 1962. ‘Archaeology as anthropology’, American Antiquity 28: 217–25CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Binford, Lewis R. 1978. Nunamiut ethnoarchaeology. New York: Academic PressGoogle Scholar

Binford, Lewis R. 1983. In pursuit of the past. London: Thames & HudsonGoogle Scholar

Bird-David, Nurit. 1990. ‘The giving environment: another perspective on the economic system of hunter-gatherers’, Current Anthropology 31: 183–96CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bird-David, Nurit 1992. ‘Beyond “The original affluent society”: a culturalist reformulation’, Current Anthropology 33: 25–47CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Bird-David, Nurit 1999. ‘“Animism” revisited: personhood, environment, and relational epistemology’, Current Anthropology 40 (Supplement): S67–S91CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Blacking, John. 1973. How musical is man?Seattle: University of Washington PressGoogle Scholar

Blake, Barry J. 2008. All about language. Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar

Bleek, D. F. 1928. The Naron: a Bushman tribe of the central Kalahari. Cambridge University PressGoogle Scholar

Bleek, D. F. 1928/9. ‘Bushman grammar: a grammatical sketch of the language of the /xam-ka-!k'e’, Zeitschrift für Eingeborenen-Sprachen 19: 81–98Google Scholar

Bleek, D. F. 1929/30. ‘Bushman grammar: a grammatical sketch of the language of the /xam-ka-!k'e (continuation)’, Zeitschrift für Eingeborenen-Sprachen 20: 161–74Google Scholar

Bleek, W. H. I. and Lloyd, L. C.. 1911. Specimens of Bushman folklore. London: George Allen & Co.Google Scholar

Boas, Franz. 1904. ‘The history of anthropology’, Science 20 (512): 513–24CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Boas, Franz 1940. Race, language, and culture. New York: MacmillanGoogle Scholar

Botha, Rudolf. 2009. ‘Theoretical underpinnings of inferences about language evolution: the syntax used at Blombos cave’, in Botha, and Knight, , pp. 93–111

Boyer, Pascal 2012. ‘Inferring modern language from ancient objects’, in Tallerman, and Gibson, 2012a, pp. 303–12

Botha, Rudolf and Everaert, Martin (eds.). 2013. The evolutionary emergence of language: evidence and inference. Oxford University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Botha, Rudolf and Knight, Chris (eds.). 2009. The cradle of language. Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar

Bowler, James M., Johnston, Harvey, Olley, Jon M., Prescott, John R., Roberts, Richard G., Shawcross, Wilfred and Spooner, Nigel A.. 2003. ‘New ages for human occupation and climatic change at Lake Mungo, Australia’, Nature 421: 837–40CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Boyer, Pascal. 1994. The naturalness of religious ideas: a cognitive theory of religion. Berkeley: University of California PressGoogle Scholar

Boyer, Pascal 2001. Religion explained: the human instincts that fashion gods, spirits and ancestors. London: Vintage BooksGoogle Scholar

Brody, Hugh. 2000. The other side of Eden: hunter-gatherers, farmers and the shaping of the world. Vancouver: Douglas & McIntyreGoogle Scholar

Brown, Donald E. 1991. Human universals. New York: McGraw-HillGoogle Scholar

Brown, Kyle S., Marean, Curtis W., Jacobs, Zenobia, Schoville, Benjamin J., Oestmo, Simen, Fisher, Erich C., Bernatchez, Jocelyn, Karkanas, Panagiotis and Matthews, Thalassa. 2012. ‘An early and enduring advanced technology originating 71,000 years ago in South Africa’, Nature 491: 590–3CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Brown, Penelope and Gaskins, Suzanne. 2014. ‘Language acquisition and language socialization’, in Enfield, , Kockelman, and Sidnell, , 2014b, pp. 187–226

Brown, Steven. 2000. ‘The “musilanguage” model of music evolution’, in Wallin, , Merker, and Brown, , pp. 271–300

Burch, Ernest L., Jr., and Ellanna, Linda J. (eds.). 1994. Key issues in hunter-gatherer research. Oxford: BergGoogle Scholar

Calvin, William H., and Bickerton, Derek. 2000. Lingua ex machina: reconciling Darwin and Chomsky with the human brain. Cambridge, MA: MIT PressGoogle Scholar

Cameron, David W. and Groves, Colin P.. 2004. Bones, stones and molecules: ‘Out of Africa’ and human origins. Burlington, MA: Elsevier Academic PressGoogle Scholar

Campbell, Lyle. 1997. American Indian languages: the historical linguistics of Native America. Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar

Cane, Scott. 2013. First footprints: the epic story of the first Australians. Crows Nest, NSW: Allen & UnwinGoogle Scholar

Carroll, John B. (ed.). 1956. Language, thought, and reality: selected writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf. Cambridge, MA: MIT PressGoogle Scholar

Carstairs-McCarthy, Andrew. 1999. The origins of language: an inquiry into the evolutionary beginnings of sentences, syllables, and truth. Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar

Cavalli-Sforza, Luigi. 2001. Genes, peoples and languages (translated by Mark Seielstad). London: Penguin BooksGoogle Scholar

Chomsky, Noam. 1965. Aspects of the theory of syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT PressGoogle Scholar

Chomsky, Noam 1986. Knowledge of language. New York: PraegerGoogle ScholarPubMed

Chomsky, Noam 1993. ‘A minimalist program for linguistic theory’, in Hale, Kenneth L. and Keyser, S. Jay (eds.), The view from building 20: essays in linguistics in honor of Sylvain Bromberger. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 1–52Google Scholar

Chomsky, Noam 1996. Powers and prospects: reflections on human nature and the social order. London: Pluto PressGoogle Scholar

Chomsky, Noam 2002. On nature and language. Cambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Chomsky, Noam 2004. ‘Language and mind: current thoughts on ancient problems’, in Jenkins, Lyle (ed.), Variation and universals in biolinguistics.Amsterdam: Elsevier, pp. 379–405Google Scholar

Chomsky, Noam 2005. ‘Three factors in language design’, Linguistic Inquiry 36: 1–22CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Chomsky, Noam 2011. ‘Language and other cognitive systems. What is special about language?’, Language Learning and Development 7: 263–78CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Chomsky, Noam 2012. The science of language: interviews with James McGilvray. Cambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Christiansen, Morten H. and Kirby, Simon (eds.). 2003a. Language evolution. Oxford University PressCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Christiansen, Morten H. and Kirby, Simon 2003b. ‘Language evolution: the hardest problem in science?’, in Christiansen and Kirby, pp. 1–15

Christiansen, Morten H. and Kirby, Simon 2003c. ‘Language evolution: consensus and controversies’, Trends in Cognitive Sciences 7(7): 300–07CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Clark, J. G. D. 1969. World prehistory: a new outline (second edition). Cambridge University PressGoogle Scholar

Clifford, James and Marcus, George E. (eds.). 1986. Writing culture: the poetics and politics of ethnography. Berkeley: University of California PressGoogle Scholar

Cohen, Emma. 2012. ‘The evolution of tag-based cooperation in humans’, Current Anthropology 53: 588–616CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Comrie, Bernard. 1989. Language universals and linguistic typology: syntax and morphology. University of Chicago PressGoogle Scholar

Conklin, Harold C. 1969 [1962]. ‘Lexicographical treatment of folk taxonomies’, in Tyler, Stephen A. (ed.), Cognitive anthropology. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, pp. 41–59Google Scholar

Coolidge, Frederick L. and Wynn, Thomas. 2009. The rise of Homo sapiens: the evolution of modern thinking. Oxford: Wiley-BlackwellCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Corballis, Michael C. 2011. The recursive mind: the origins of human language, thought, and civilization. Princeton University PressGoogle Scholar

Cummings, Vicki. 2013. The anthropology of hunter-gatherers: key themes for archaeologists. London: BloomsburyGoogle Scholar

Cummings, Vicki, Jordan, Peter and Zvelebil, Marek (eds.). 2014. The Oxford handbook of the archaeology and anthropology of hunter-gatherers. Oxford University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dalrymple, Sir John. 1758. Essay towards a general history of feudal property in Great Britain (second edition). London: A. MillarGoogle Scholar

Damas, David. 1969a. Contributions to anthropology: band societies. Ottawa: National Museums of Canada (Bulletin 228).Google Scholar

Damas, David 1969b. ‘Characteristics of Central Eskimo band structure’, in Damas, 1969a, pp. 116–38

D'Anastasio, Rugerro, Wroe, Stephen, Tuniz, Cladio, Mancini, Lucia, Cesana, Deneb T., Dreossi, Diego, Ravichandiran, Mayoorendra, Attard, Marie, Parr, William C. H., Agur, Anne and Capasso, Luigi. 2013. ‘Micro-biomechanics of the Kebara 2 hyoid and its implications for speech in Neanderthals’, PLoS ONE 8 (12): e82261. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082261CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

D'Andrade, Roy G. 1995. The development of cognitive anthropology. Cambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Darwin, Charles. 1859. On the origin of species by means of natural selection. London: John MurrayGoogle Scholar

Darwin, Charles 1871. The descent of man, and selection in relation to sex. London: John MurrayGoogle Scholar

Davidson, Donald. 1979. ‘What metaphors mean’, in Sacks, Sheldon (ed.), On metaphor. University of Chicago Press, pp. 29–45Google Scholar

Davidson, Iain and Noble, William. 1992. ‘Why the first colonisation of the Australian region is the earliest evidence of modern human behaviour’, Archaeology in Oceania 27: 135–42CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dawkins, Richard. 1976. The selfish gene. Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar

Deacon, Hilary J. and Deacon, Janette. 1999. Human beginnings in South Africa: uncovering the secrets of the Stone Age. Cape Town: David PhilipGoogle Scholar

Deacon, Terrence W. 1997. The symbolic species: the coevolution of language and the brain. New York: W. W. Norton & Co.Google Scholar

Deacon, Terrence W. 2003. ‘Universal Grammar and semiotic constraints’, in Christiansen, and Kirby, 2003a, pp. 111–39

Debreuil, Benoît and Henshilwood, Christopher Stuart. 2013. ‘Material culture and language’, in Lefebvre, , Comrie, and Cohen, , pp. 147–70

Dediu, Dan and Levinson, Stephen C.. 2013. ‘On the antiquity of language: the reinterpretation of Neandertal linguistic capabilities and its consequences’, Frontiers in Psychology 4: 397. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00397 (17 pages)CrossRefGoogle Scholar

d'Errico, Francesco. 2003. ‘The invisible frontier: a multiple species model for the origin of behavioral modernity’, Evolutionary Anthropology 12: 188–202CrossRefGoogle Scholar

d'Errico, Francesco 2009. ‘The archaeology of early religious practices: a plea for a hypothesis-testing approach’, in Renfrew, and Morley, , pp. 104–22

d'Errico, Francesco, Henshilwood, Christopher, Lawson, Graeme, Vanhaeren, Marian, Tillier, Anne-Marie, Soressi, Marie, Bresson, Frédérique, Maureille, Bruno, Nowell, April, Lakarra, Joseba, Backwell, Lucinda and Julien, Michele. 2003. ‘Archaeological evidence for the emergence of language, symbolism, and music – an alternative multidisciplinary perspective’, Journal of World Prehistory 17: 1–70CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Descola, Philippe and Pálsson, Gísli. 1996. ‘Introduction’, in Descola, Philippe, and Pálsson, Gísli (eds.), Nature and society: anthropological perspectives. London: Routledge, pp. 1–21CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dessalles, Jean-Louis. 2007 [2000]. Why we talk: the evolutionary origins of language (translated by Grieve, James). Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar

Diller, Karl C. and Cann, Rebecca L.. 2010. ‘The innateness of language: a view from genetics’, in Smith, et al., pp. 107–15

Dixon, R. M. W. 1980. The languages of Australia. Cambridge University PressGoogle Scholar

Donald, Merlin. 1991. Origins of the modern mind: three stages in the origin of culture and cognition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University PressGoogle Scholar

Donald, Merlin 2009. ‘The roots of art and religion in ancient material culture’, in Renfrew, and Morley, , pp. 95–103

Dor, Daniel and Jablonka, Eva. 2010. ‘A new theory of language and its implications for the question of evolution’, in Smith, et al., pp. 116–21

Dunbar, Robin I. M. 1993. ‘The coevolution of neocortical size, group size and language in humans’, Behavioral and Brain Sciences 16: 681–735CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dunbar, Robin I. M. 1996. Grooming, gossip and the evolution of language. London: Faber and FaberGoogle Scholar

Dunbar, Robin I. M. 2001. ‘Brains on two legs: group size and the evolution of intelligence’, in de Waal, F. B. M. (ed.), Tree of origin: what primate behavior can tell us about human social evolution. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, pp. 173–92Google Scholar

Dunbar, Robin I. M. 2003. ‘The social brain: mind, language and society in evolutionary perspective’, Annual Review of Anthropology 32: 163–81CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Dunbar, Robin I. M. 2008. ‘Kinship in biological perspective’, in Allen, et al., pp. 131–50

Dunbar, Robin, Knight, Chris and Power, Camilla (eds.). 1999. The evolution of culture: an interdisciplinary view. Edinburgh University PressGoogle Scholar

Duranti, Alessandro. 2003. ‘Language as culture in U.S. anthropology: three paradigms’, Current Anthropology 44: 323–47CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Edwardes, Martin. 2010. The origins of grammar: an anthropological perspective. London: ContinuumGoogle Scholar

Eliade, Mircea. 1963. Myth and reality: religious traditions of the world (translated by Trask, Willard R.). New York: Harper & RowGoogle Scholar

Ellis, George F. R. 2011. ‘Biology and mechanisms related to the dawn of language’, in Henshilwood, and d'Errico, , pp. 163–83

Enfield, N. J., Kockelman, Paul and Sidnell, Jack. 2014a. ‘Introduction: directions in the anthropology of language’, in Enfield, , Kockelman, and Sidnell, , 2014b, pp. 1–24

Enfield, N. J., Kockelman, Paul and Sidnell, Jack(eds.). 2014b. The Cambridge handbook of linguistic anthropology. Cambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Englefield, F. R. H. 1977. Language: its origin and its relation to thought (edited by Wells, G. A. and Oppenheimer, D. R.). London: Elek/PembertonGoogle Scholar

Evans, Vyvyan. 2014. The language myth: why language is not an instinct. Cambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Evans-Pritchard, E. E. 1937. Witchcraft, oracles, and magic among the Azande. Oxford: Clarendon PressGoogle Scholar

Evans-Pritchard, E. E. 1956. Nuer religion. Oxford: Clarendon PressGoogle Scholar

Everett, Daniel. 2005. ‘Cultural constraints in grammar and cognition in Pirahã: another look at the design features of human language’, Current Anthropology 46: 621–46CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Everett, Daniel 2012. Language: the cultural tool. London: Profile BooksGoogle Scholar

Fitch, W. Tecumseh. 2004. ‘Kin selection and “mother tongues”: a neglected component in language evolution’, in Oller, and Griebel, , pp. 275–96

Fitch, W. Tecumseh 2010. The evolution of language. Cambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Fitch, W. Tecumseh, Arbib, Michael and Donald, Merlin. 2010. ‘A molecular genetic framework for testing hypotheses about language evolution’, in Smith et al., pp. 137–44

Féblot-Augustins, Jehanne. 1993. ‘Mobility strategies in the late Middle Palaeolithic of Central Europe and Western Europe: elements of stability and variability’, Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 12: 211–65CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Feyerabend, Paul. 1978. Science in a free society. London: VersoGoogle Scholar

Fodor, Jerry A. 1983. The modularity of mind. Cambridge, MA: MIT PressGoogle Scholar

Foster, Mary LeCron. 1999. ‘The reconstruction of the evolution of human spoken language’, in Lock, Andrew and Peters, Charles R. (eds.), Handbook of symbolic evolution. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 747–75Google Scholar

Foucault, Michel. 1970 [1966]. The order of things: an archaeology of the human sciences. New York: Random HouseGoogle Scholar

Freud, Sigmund. 1913 [1900]. The interpretation of dreams (third edition, translated by Brill, A. A.). New York: MacmillanCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Gamble, Clive. 2008. ‘Kinship and material culture: archaeological implications of the human global diaspora’, in Allen, et al., pp. 27–40

Gärdenfors, Peter. 2004. ‘Cooperation and the evolution of symbolic communication’, in Oller, and Griebel, , pp. 237–56

Gärdenfors, Peter 2013. ‘The evolution of semantic: sharing conceptual domains’, in Botha, and Everaert, , pp. 139–59

Geertz, Clifford. 1973. The interpretation of cultures. New York: Basic BooksGoogle Scholar

Geertz, Clifford 1983. Local knowledge: further essays on interpretive anthropology. New York: Basic BooksGoogle Scholar

Gloag, W. M. and Henderson, R. Candlish. 2001. The law of Scotland (eleventh edition, edited by MacQueen, Hector L., Hood, Parker, Wise, Morag and Dunlop, Laura). Edinburgh: W. Green & SonGoogle Scholar

Gomes, Christina and Boesch, Christoph. 2009. ‘Wild chimpanzees exchange meat for sex on a long-term basis’, PLpS ONE 4(4): e516 (doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.000516)Google ScholarPubMed

González-José, Rolando, González-Martín, Antonio, Hernández, Miquel, Pucciarelli, Héctor M., Sardi, Marina, Rosales, Alfonso and der Molen, Silvina Van. 2003. ‘Craniometric evidence for Palaeoamerican survival in Baja California’, Nature 425: 62–5CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Goody, Jack. 1977. The domestication of the savage mind. Cambridge University PressGoogle Scholar

Goody, Jack 1983. The development of the family and marriage in Europe. Cambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Goody, Jack 2000. The European family. Oxford: BlackwellGoogle Scholar

Griffin, Scott Tracy. 2012. Tarzan: the centennial celebration. London: Titan BooksGoogle Scholar

Güldemann, Tom. 1998. ‘The Kalahari Basin as an object of areal typology – a first approach’, in Schladt, Mathias (ed.), Language, identity, and conceptualization among the Khoisan (Research in Khoisan Studies 15). Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe, pp. 137–69Google Scholar

Guenther, Mathias. 1986. The Nharo Bushmen of Botswana. Hamburg: Helmut Buske VerlagGoogle Scholar

Guenther, Mathias 2006. ‘N//àe (talking): the oral and rhetorical base of San culture’, Journal of Folklore Research 43: 241–61Google Scholar

Haeckel, Ernst. 1869. ‘Editor's preface’, in Bleek, W. H. I., On the origin of language (translated by Davidson, Thomas). New York: L. W. Schmidt, pp. iii–viiiGoogle Scholar

Hahn, Theophilus. 1881. Tsuni-//Goam: the supreme being of the Khoi-khoi. London: Trübner & Co.Google Scholar

Hale, Kenneth and Nash, David. 1997. ‘Lardil and Damin phonotactics’, in Tryon, Darrell and Walsh, Michael (eds.), Boundary rider: essays in honour of Geoffrey O'Grady. Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University, pp. 247–59Google Scholar

Hamilton, W. D. 1964. ‘The genetical evolution of social behaviour. I, II’, Journal of Theoretical Biology 7: 1–52Google Scholar

Harari, Yuval Noah. 2014 [2011]. Sapiens: a brief history of humankind (translated by Harari, Yuval Noah, Purcell, John and Wartzman, Haim). London: Harvill SeckerGoogle Scholar

Harpaz, Yuval, Levkovitz, Yechiel and Lavidor, Michael. 2009. ‘Lexical ambiguity resolution in Wernicke's area and its right homologue’, Cortex 45: 1097–103.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hauser, Marc, Chomsky, Noam and Fitch, W. Tecumseh. 2002. ‘The faculty of language: what is it, who has it, and how did it evolve?’, Science 298: 1569–79CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hébert, Louis. 2011. ‘The functions of language’, in Hébert, Louis (ed.), Signo: Theoretical Semiotics on the Web. Quebec: Rimouski. www.signosemio.com/jakobson/functions-of-language.aspGoogle Scholar

Heine, Bernd and Kuteva, Tania. 2007. The genesis of grammar: a reconstruction. Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar

Heinz, Hans-Joachim. 1994 [1966]. Social organization of the !Kõ Bushmen (edited by Keuthmann, Klaus) (Research in Khoisan Studies 10). Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe VerlagGoogle Scholar

Henn, Brenna M., Gignoux, Christopher R., Jobin, Matthew, Granka, Julie M., Macpherson, J. M., Kidd, Jeffrey M., Rodríguez-Botigué, Laura, Ramachandran, Sohini, Hon, Lawrence, Brisbin, Abra, Lin, Alice A., Underhill, Peter A., Comas, David, Kidd, Kenneth K., Norman, Paul J., Parham, Peter, Bustamante, Carlos D., Mountain, Joanna L. and Feldman, Marcus W.. 2011. ‘Hunter-gatherer genomic diversity suggests a southern African origin for modern humans’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) 108(13): 5154–62CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Henshilwood, Christopher. 2009. ‘The origins of symbolism, spirituality, and shamans: exploring Middle Stone Age material culture in South Africa’, in Renfrew and Morley, pp. 29–49

Henshilwood, Christopher S. and d'Errico, Francesco (eds). 2011. Homo symbolicus: the dawn of language, imagination and spirituality. Amsterdam: John BenjaminsCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Henshilwood, Christopher S. and Dubreuil, Benoît. 2009. ‘Reading the artefacts: gleaning language skills from the Middle Stone Age in southern Africa’, in Botha, and Knight, , pp. 41–61

Henshilwood, Christopher S. and Marean, Curtis W.. 2003. ‘The origin of modern human behaviour: critique of the models and their test implications’, Current Anthropology 44: 627–51CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Herder, Johann Gottfried. 1986 [1772]. ‘Essay on the origin of language’ (translated by Alexander Gode), in Rousseau, and Herder, , pp. 85–166

Hewes, Gordon W. 1973. ‘Primate communication and the gestural origins of language’, Current Anthropology 14: 5–24CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hicks, Dan. 2013. ‘Four-field anthropology: charter myths and time warps from St. Louis to Oxford’, Current Anthropology 54: 753–63CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Hobaiter, Catherine and Byrne, Richard W.. 2014. ‘The meanings of chimpanzee gestures’, Current Biology 24(14): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2014.05.066CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hobbes, Thomas. 1991 [1651]. Leviathan (revised student edition, edited by Tuck, Richard). Cambridge University PressGoogle Scholar

Hodder, Ian. 1985. ‘Postprocessual archaeology’, Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory 8: 1–26Google Scholar

Hoefler, Stefan H. and Smith, Andrew D. M.. 2009. ‘The pre-linguistic basis of grammaticalisation: a unified approach to metaphor and reanalysis’, Studies in Language 33: 886–909CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Honken, Henry. 2013. ‘Genetic relationships: an overview of the evidence’, in Vossen, Rainer (ed.), The Khoesan languages. London: Routledge, pp. 12–24Google Scholar

Hurford, James. 2007. The origins of meaning: language in the light of evolution. Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar

Hurford, James 2012. The origins of grammar: language in the light of evolution. Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar

Hurford, James 2014. The origins of language: a slim guide. Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar

Hurford, James R., Studdert-Kennedy, Michael and Knight, Chris (eds.). 1998. Approaches to the evolution of language: social and cognitive bases. Cambridge University PressGoogle Scholar

Hymes, Dell. 1964. ‘General introduction’, in Hymes, Dell (ed.), Language in culture and society: a reader in linguistics and anthropology. New York: Harper and Row, pp. xxi–xxxiiGoogle Scholar

Ichikawa, Mitsuo. 2004. ‘The Japanese tradition in central African hunter-gatherer studies, with comparative observations on the French and American traditions’, in Barnard, 2004b, pp. 103–28

Ingold, Tim. 2000. The perception of the environment: essays in livelihood, dwelling and skill. London: RoutledgeCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jablonski, Nina G. (ed.). 2002. The first Americans: the Pleistocene colonization of the New World. San Francisco: California Academy of SciencesGoogle Scholar

Jablonski, Nina G. and Aiello, Leslie C. (eds.). 1998. The origin and diversification of language. San Francisco: California Academy of Sciences, Memoirs 24Google Scholar

Jakobson, Roman. 1944. ‘Franz Boas’ approach to language’, International Journal of American Linguistics 10(4): 188–95.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Jakobson, Roman 1999 [1960]. ‘Linguistics and poetics’, in Jaworski, Adam and Coupland, Nikolas (eds.), The discourse reader. London: Routledge, pp. 54–62Google Scholar

James, Wendy. 2003. The ceremonial animal: a new portrait of anthropology. Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar

Jesperson, Otto. 1922. Language, its nature, development and origin. London: Allen & UnwinGoogle Scholar

Johnson, Matthew. 2011. Archaeological theory: an introduction (second edition). London: John Wiley & SonsGoogle Scholar

Jung, Carl G. 1959 [1948–54]. Four archetypes: mother, rebirth, spirit, trickster (translated by Hull, R. F. C.). Princeton University Press (Bollingen Series).Google Scholar

Jung, Carl G. 1964. ‘Approaching the unconscious’, in Jung, Carl G. (ed.), Man and his symbols. New York: Dell, pp. 1–94Google Scholar

Jung, Carl G. 1971 [1933]. ‘The structure of the psyche’, in Campbell, Joseph (ed.), The portable Jung. New York: Penguin Books, pp. 23–46Google Scholar

Kegl, Judy. 2002. ‘Language emergence in a language-ready brain: acquisition’, in Morgan, Gary and Woll, Bernice (eds.), Directions in sign language acquisition. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, pp. 207–54Google Scholar

Kelly, Robert L. 2013 [1995]. The lifeways of hunter-gatherers: the foraging spectrum (second edition). Cambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kenneally, Christine. 2007. The first word: the search for the origins of language. New York: Viking PenguinGoogle Scholar

Kirk, G. S. 1970. Myth: its meaning and functions in ancient and other cultures. Cambridge University PressGoogle Scholar

Klein, Richard G. 2009. The human career: human biological and cultural origins (third edition). University of Chicago PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Klein, Richard G. Klein, Richard G. with Edgar, Blake. 2002. The dawn of human culture. New York: John Wiley & SonsGoogle Scholar

Kluckhohn, Clyde. 1953. ‘Universal categories of culture’, in Kroeber, A. L. (ed.), Anthropology today: an encyclopedic inventory. University of Chicago Press, pp. 507–23Google Scholar

Kluckhohn, Clyde 1959. ‘Common humanity and diverse cultures’, in Lerner, David (ed.), The human meaning of the social sciences. New York: Meridian Publishing, pp. 245–84Google Scholar

Kluckhohn, Clyde and Leighton, Dorothea 1974 [1946]. The Navaho (revised edition), Cambridge, MA: Harvard University PressGoogle Scholar

Knight, Chris. 1998. ‘Ritual/speech coevolution: a solution to the problem of deception’, in Hurford, , Studdert-Kennedy, and Knight, , pp. 68–91

Knight, Chris 2010. ‘The origins of symbolic culture’, in Frey, Ulrich J., Störmer, Charlotte and Willführ, Kai (eds.), Homo novus – a human without illusions. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp. 193–211Google Scholar

Knight, Chris and Power, Camilla. 2012. ‘Social conditions for the emergence of language’, in Tallerman, and Gibson, 2012a, pp. 346–9

Knight, Chris, Power, Camilla and Watts, Ian. 1995. ‘The symbolic revolution: a Darwinian account’, Cambridge Archaeological Journal 5(1): 75–114CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Knight, John. 2012. ‘The anonymity of the hunt: a critique of hunting as sharing’, Current Anthropology 53: 334–55CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Krause, Johannes, Fu, Qiaomei, Good, Jeffrey M., Viola, Bence, Shunkov, Michael V., Derevianko, Anatoli P., and Pääbo, Svante. 2010. ‘The complete mitochondrial DNA genome of an unknown hominin from southern Siberia’, Nature 464: 894–7CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Krause, Johannes, Lalueza-Fox, Carles, Orlando, Ludovic, Enard, Wolfgang, Green, Richard E., Burbano, Hernán A., Hublin, Jean-Jacques, Hänni, Catherine, Fortea, Javier, Rasilla, Marco de la, Bertranpetit, Jaume, Rosas, Antonio, Pääbo, Svante. 2007. ‘The derived FOXP2 variant of modern humans was shared with Neandertals’, Current Biology 17(21): 1908–12CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kuklick, Henrika. 1991. The savage within: the social history of British anthropology, 1885–1945. New York: Cambridge University PressGoogle Scholar

Kuper, Adam. 1973. Anthropologists and anthropology: the British school, 1922–1972. London: Allen LaneGoogle Scholar

Kuper, Adam 1982. Wives for cattle: bridewealth and marriage in southern Africa. London: Routledge & Kegan PaulGoogle Scholar

Kuper, Adam 1999. Culture: the anthropologists’ account. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University PressGoogle Scholar

Kuper, Adam 2003. ‘The return of the native’, Current Anthropology 44: 389–402Google Scholar

Kuper, Adam and Marks, Jonathan. 2011. ‘Anthropologist unite!’, Nature 470: 166–8CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Labov, William. 2013. The language of life and death: the transformation of experience in oral narrative. Cambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lane, P. J. and Schadla-Hall, R. T.. 2004. ‘The many ages of Star Carr: do “cites” make the “site”’, in Barnard, 2004b, pp. 145–61

Layton, Robert. 1986. ‘Politics and territorial structures among hunter-gatherers’, Man (n.s.) 21: 18–33CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Layton, Robert and O'Hara, Sean. 2010. ‘Human social evolution: a comparison of hunter-gatherer and chimpanzee social organization’, in Dunbar, Robin, Gamble, Clive and Gowlett, John (eds.), Social brain, distributed mind. Oxford University Press, pp. 83–113Google Scholar

Leacock, Eleanor. 1969. ‘The Montagnai-Naskapi band’, in Damas, 1969a, pp. 18–50

Lee, Richard B. 1979. The !Kung San: men, women and work in a foraging society. Cambridge University PressGoogle Scholar

Lee, Richard B. and DeVore, Irven (eds.). 1968a. Man the hunter. Chicago: AldineGoogle Scholar

Lee, Richard B. and DeVore, Irven 1968b. ‘Problems in the study of hunters and gatherers’, in Lee, and DeVore, 1968a, pp. 3–12

Leech, Geoffrey. 1974. Semantics. Harmondsworth: Penguin BooksGoogle Scholar

Lefebvre, Claire, Comrie, Bernard and Cohen, Henri (eds.). 2013. New perspectives on the origins of language. Amsterdam: John BenjaminsCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Levinson, Stephen C. 2003. Space in language and cognition: explorations in cognitive diversity. Cambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Levinson, Stephen C. 2014. ‘Language evolution’, in Enfield, , Kockelman, and Sidnell, , 2014b, pp. 312–24

Lévi-Strauss, Claude. 1963 [1945–58]. Structural anthropology (translated by Jacobson, Clare and Schoepf, Brook Grundfest). New York: Basic BooksGoogle Scholar

Lévi-Strauss, Claude 1966 [1962]. The savage mind. University of Chicago PressGoogle Scholar

Lévi-Strauss, Claude 1968. ‘The concept of primitiveness’, in Lee, Richard B. and DeVore, Irven (eds.), Man the hunter. Chicago: Aldine, pp. 349–52Google Scholar

Lévi-Strauss, Claude 1969a [1962]. Totemism. Harmondsworth: Penguin BooksGoogle Scholar

Lévi-Strauss, Claude 1969b [1949]. The elementary structures of kinship (revised edition, translated by Bell, James Harle, von Sturmer, John Richard and Needham, Rodney). Boston, MA: Beacon PressGoogle Scholar

Lévi-Strauss, Claude 1978. Myth and meaning. University of Toronto PressGoogle Scholar

Lévi-Strauss, Claude 1981 [1971]. The naked man: introduction to a science of mythology (translated by Weightman, J. and Weightman, D., volume 4). London: Jonathan CapeGoogle Scholar

Lévi-Strauss, Claude 1985 [1983]. The view from afar (translated by Neugroschel, Joachim and Hoss, Phoebe). Oxford: Basil BlackwellGoogle Scholar

Lévy-Bruhl, Lucien. 1975 [1949]. The notebooks on primitive mentality (translated by Rivière, Peter). Oxford: Basil Blackwell & MottGoogle Scholar

Lewis, Jerome. 2009. ‘As well as words: Congo Pygmy hunting, mimicry, and play’, in Botha, and Knight, , pp. 236–56

Lewis-Williams, David. 2010. Conceiving God: the cognitive origin and evolution of religion. London: Thames & HudsonGoogle Scholar

Lieberman, Philip. 1984. The biology and evolution of language. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University PressGoogle Scholar

Lieberman, Philip. 2006. Toward an evolutionary biology of language. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University PressGoogle Scholar

Lieberman, Philip. 2008. ‘A wild 50,000-year ride’, in Bengtson, , pp. 359–71

Lourandos, Harry. 1997. Continent of hunter-gatherers: new perspectives in Australian prehistory. Cambridge University of PressGoogle Scholar

Lubbock, John. 1865. Pre-historic times, as illustrated by ancient remains, and the manners and customs of savages. London: Williams and NorthgateGoogle Scholar

Lubbock, John 1874 [1870]. The origin of civilisation and the primitive condition of man. New York: D. Appleton and CompanyGoogle Scholar

Lucy, John A. 1992. Language and cultural diversity: a reformulation of the linguistic relativity hypothesis. Cambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Lupyan, Gary and Dale, Rick. 2010. ‘Language structure is partly determined by social structure’, PLoS ONE 5(1): e8559. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008559CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

McBrearty, Sally. 2007. ‘Down with the revolution’, in Mellars, Paul, Boyle, Katie, Bar-Yosef, Ofer and Stringer, Christopher (eds.), Rethinking the Human Revolution: new behavioural and biological perspectives on the origin and dispersal of modern humans.Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, pp. 133–51Google Scholar

McBrearty, Sally and Brooks, Alison S.. 2000. ‘The revolution that wasn't: a new interpretation of the origin of modern human behavior’, Journal of Human Evolution 39: 453–63CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

MacDonald, Katharine and Roebroeks, Wil. 2013. ‘Neanderthal linguistic abilities: an alternative view’, in Botha, and Everaert, , pp. 97–117

McMahon, April and McMahon, Robert. 2013. Evolutionary linguistics. Cambridge University PressGoogle Scholar

MacNeilage, Peter F. 2008. The origin of speech. Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar

McNeill, David. 2012. How language began: gesture and speech in human evolution. Cambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar

McWhorter, John H. 2003. The power of Babel: a natural history of language. New York: PerennialGoogle Scholar

McWhorter, John H. 2005. Defining creole. Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar

McWhorter, John H. 2011. Linguistic simplicity and complexity: why do languages undress?Boston: De Gruyter MoutonCrossRefGoogle Scholar

McWhorter, John H. 2014. The language hoax: why the world looks the same in any language. Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar

Maggs, Tim. 1967. ‘A quantitative analysis of the rock art from a sample area in the western Cape’, South African Journal of Science 63: 100–4Google Scholar

Maine, Henry Sumner. 1913 [1861]. Ancient law: its connection with the early history of society and its relation to modern ideas. London: George Routledge & SonsGoogle Scholar

Malinowski, Bronislaw. 1944 [1939–42]. A scientific theory of culture and other essays. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina PressGoogle Scholar

Malinowski, Bronislaw 1953 [1923]. ‘The problem of meaning in primitive languages’, in Ogden, Charles K. and Richards, I. A. (eds.), The meaning of meaning: a study of the influence of language upon thought and of the science of symbolism (ninth edition). London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, pp. 451–510Google Scholar

Mandelbaum, David G. (ed.). 1985 [1949]. Selected writings of Edward Sapir in language, culture and personality. Berkeley: University of California PressGoogle Scholar

Marean, Curtis W. 2010. ‘When the sea saved humanity’, Scientific American 303: 55–61CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Marett, R. R. 1909. The threshold of religion. London: MethuenGoogle Scholar

Marshall, Lorna. 1961. ‘Sharing, talking, and giving: relief of social tensions among !Kung Bushmen’, Africa 31: 231–49CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Martin, Leonard L., Sanders, Matthew A., Kulkarni, Amey, Anderson, Wyatt C. and Heppner, Whitney L.. 2014. ‘I-D compensation: exploring the relations among mindfulness, a close brush with death, and our hunter-gatherer heritage’, in Ie, Amanda, Ngnoumen, Christelle T., and Langer, Ellen J. (eds.), The Wiley-Blackwell handbook of mindfulness (two volumes). Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, pp. 290–311Google Scholar

Marwick, Ben. 2003. ‘Pleistocene exchange networks as Evidence for the evolution of language’, Cambridge Archaeological Journal 13(1): 67–81CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Maturana, Humberto R., and Varela, Francisco J.. 1992 [1987]. The tree of knowledge: the biological roots of human understanding. Boston, MA: Shambhala PublicationsGoogle Scholar

Maynes, Mary Jo and Waltner, Ann. 2012. The family: a world history. Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar

Mead, Margaret. 2005. The world ahead: an anthropologist anticipates the future. New York: Berghahn BooksGoogle Scholar

Mead, Margaret and Métraux, Rhoda. 2005 [1966]. ‘One world—but which language?’, in Mead, 2005, pp. 111–18

Meir, Irit, Sandler, Wendy, Padden, Carol and Aronoff, Mark. 2010. ‘Emerging sign languages’, in Marschark, Marc and Spencer, Patricia Elizabeth (eds.), Oxford handbook of deaf studies, language, and education (volume 2). Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar

Mellars, Paul and Stringer, Chris (eds.). 1989. The human revolution: behavioural and biological perspectives in the origins of modern humans. Edinburgh University PressGoogle Scholar

Meyer, Matthias, Kircher, Martin, Gansauge, Marie-Theres, Li, Heng, Racimo, Fernando, Mallick, Swapan, Schraiber, Joshua G., Jay, Flora, Prüfer, Kay, Filippo, Cesare de, Sudmant, Peter H., Alkan, Can, Fu, Qiaomei, Do, Ron, Rohland, Nadin, Tandon, Arti, Siebauer, Michael, Green, Richard E., Bryc, Katarzyna, Briggs, Adrian W., Stenzel, Udo, Dabney, Jesse, Shendure, Jay, Kitzman, Jacob, Hammer, Michael F., Shunkov, Michael V., Derevianko, Anatoli P., Patterson, Nick, Andrés, Aida M., Eichler, Evan E., Slatkin, Montgomery, Reich, David, Kelso, Janet and Pääbo, Svante. 2012. ‘A high-coverage genome sequence from an archaic Denisovan individual’, Science 338: 222–6CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Miller, Geoffrey F. 1999. ‘Sexual selection for cultural displays’, in Dunbar, , Knight, and Power, , pp. 71–91

Miller, Geoffrey F. 2000a. ‘Evolution of human music through sexual selection’, in Wallin, , Merker, and Brown, , pp. 329–60

Miller, Geoffrey F. 2000b. The mating mind: how sexual choice shaped the evolution of human nature. New York: Anchor BooksGoogle Scholar

Mithen, Steven. 1996. The prehistory of the mind: a search for the origins of art, religion and science. London: Thames & HudsonGoogle Scholar

Mithen, Steven 2005. The singing Neanderthals: the origins of music, language, mind, and body. London: Weidenfeld & NicholsonGoogle Scholar

Mithen, Steven 2009. ‘Out of the mind: material culture and the supernatural’, in Renfrew, and Morley, , pp. 123–34

Monboddo, Lord. 1774 [1773]. Of the origin and progress of language (second edition, volume 1). London: T. CadellGoogle Scholar

Montesquieu, Baron de. 1989 [1748]. The spirit of the laws (translated and edited by Anne M. Cohler, Basia Carolyn Miller and Harold Samuel Stone). Cambridge University PressGoogle Scholar

Morgan, Lewis H. 1871. Systems of consanguinity and affinity of the human family. Washington, DC: Smithsonian InstitutionGoogle Scholar

Morrison, Catriona M. and Conway, Martin A.. 2010. ‘First words and first memories’, Cognition 116: 23–32CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Movius, Hallam L. 1948. ‘The Lower Palaeolithic cultures of southern and eastern Asia’, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society (n.s.) 38: 329–420CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Mufwene, Salikoko S. 2001. The ecology of language evolution. Cambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Müller, F. Max. 1861. Lectures on the science of language delivered at the Royal Institution of Great Britain in April, May, and June, 1861. London: Longman, Green, Longman, and RobertsCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Müller, F. Max 1881a. Selected essays on language, mythology and religion (volume 1). London: LongmansGoogle Scholar

Müller, F. Max 1881b [1856]. ‘Comparative mythology’, in Selected essays, pp. 299–424Google Scholar

Müller, F. Max 1881c [1871]. ‘On the philosophy of mythology’, in Selected essays, pp. 577–623Google Scholar

Murdock, George Peter. 1945. ‘The common denominator of cultures’, in Linton, Ralph (ed.), The science of man in the world crisis. New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 123–42Google Scholar

Nelson, Katherine and Fivush, Robyn. 2004. ‘The emergence of autobiographical memory: a social cultural developmental theory’, Psychological Review 111: 486–511CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Nettle, Daniel. 1999. Linguistic diversity. Oxford University PressGoogle ScholarPubMed

Nettle, Daniel and Romaine, Suzanne. 2000. Vanishing voices: the extinction of the world's languages. Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar

Newmeyer, Frederick J. 2003. ‘What can the field of linguistics tell us about the origins of language?’, in Christiansen, and Kirby, 2003a, pp. 58–76

Nichols, Joanna. 1997. ‘Sprung from two common sources: Sahul as a linguistic area’, in McConvell, Patrick and Evans, Nicholas (eds.), Archaeology and linguistics: Aboriginal Australia in global perspective. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, pp. 135–68Google Scholar

Nichols, Joanna 1998. ‘The origin and dispersal of languages: linguistic evidence’, in Jablonski and Aiello, pp. 127–70

Nichols, Joanna 2002. Linguistic diversity in space and time. University of Chicago PressGoogle Scholar

Nichols, Joanna 2012. ‘Monogenesis or polygenesis: a single ancestral language for all humanity?’, in Tallerman and Gibson 2012a, pp. 558–72

Nicolaï, Robert. 2006. ‘Origine du langage et origine des langues: réflexions sur la permanence et le renouvellement d'un questionnement des Lumières’, Marges linguistiques 11: 93–129Google Scholar

Noble, William and Davidson, Iain. 1996. Human evolution, language and mind: a psychological and archaeological enquiry. Cambridge University PressGoogle Scholar

Okrent, Arika. 2000. In the land of invented languages. New York: Spiegel & GrauGoogle Scholar

Oller, D. Kimbrough and Griebel, Ulrike (eds.). 2004. Evolution of communication systems: a comparative approach. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.Google Scholar

Oppenheimer, Stephen. 2004. The real Eve: modern man's journey out of Africa. New York: Carroll & GrafGoogle Scholar

Oppenheimer, Stephen 2009. ‘The great arc of dispersal of modern humans: Africa to Australia’, Quaternary International 202: 2–13CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Osmond-Smith, David. 1981. ‘From myth to music. Lévi-Strauss's Mythologiques and Berio's Sinfonia’, The Musical Quarterly 67: 230–60Google Scholar

Perry, William James. 1923. Children of the sun: a study in the early history of civilization. London: MethuenGoogle Scholar

Pickrell, Joseph K., Patterson, Nick, Barbieri, Chiara, Berthold, Falko, Gerlach, Linda, Güldemann, Tom, Kure, Blesswell, Mpoloka, Sununguko Wata, Nakagawa, Hirosi, Naumann, Christfried, Lipson, Mark, Loh, Po-Ru, Lachance, Joseph, Mountain, Joanna, Bustamante, Carlos D., Berger, Bonnie, Tishkoff, Sarah A., Henn, Brenna M., Stoneking, Mark, Reich, David and Pakendorf, Brigitte. 2012. ‘The genetic prehistory of southern Africa’, Nature Communications 3, Article number: 1143 doi: 10.1038/ncomms2140CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Pilley, John W. and Reid, Alliston K.. 2011. ‘Border collie comprehends object names as verbal referents’, Behavioural Processes 86: 184–95CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Pinker, Steven. 1994. The language instinct: how the mind creates language. New York: William Morrow & Co.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Pinker, Steven 1997. How the mind works. London: Penguin BooksGoogle Scholar

Pinker, Steven 2011. The better angels of our nature: a history of violence and humanity. London: Allen LaneGoogle Scholar

Pinker, Steven and Jackendoff, Ray. 2005. ‘The faculty of language: what's special about it?’, Cognition 95: 201–36CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Pluciennik, Mark. 2014. ‘Historical frames of reference for “hunter-gatherers”’, in Cummings, , Jordan, and Zvelebil, , pp. 55–68

Ponelis, Fritz. 1993. The development of Afrikaans. Bern: Peter LangGoogle Scholar

Porter, James N., Collins, Paul F., Muetzel, Ryan L., Lim, Kelvin O. and Luciana, Monica. 2011. ‘Associations between cortical thickness and verbal fluency in childhood adolescence and young adulthood’, Neuroimage 55: 1865–77CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Postal, Paul M. 2005. ‘Foreword’, in Sampson, Geoffrey, The ‘language instinct’ debate (second edition). London: Continuum, pp. vii–xiGoogle Scholar

Powell, Adam, Shennan, Stephen and Thomas, Mark G.. 2009. ‘Late Pleistocene demography and the appearance of modern human behaviour’, Science 324: 1298–1301CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Power, Camilla. 1998. ‘Old wives’ tales: the gossip hypothesis and the reliability of cheap signals’, in Hurford, , Studdert-Kennedy, and Knight, , pp. 111–29

Power, Camilla 2015. ‘Review of Melvin Konner, Women after all: sex, evolution, and the end of male supremacy,’ Times Higher Education 2,196 (26 March–1 April 2015): 52–3Google Scholar

Preston, Stephanie D. and de Waal, Frans. 2003. ‘Empathy: its ultimate and proximal bases’, Behavioral and Brain Sciences 25: 1–72Google Scholar

Proctor, Robert N. 2003. ‘Three roots of human recency: molecular anthropology, the refigured Acheulean, and the UNESCO response to Auschwitz’, Current Anthropology 44: 213–39CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Pullum, Geoffrey K. 1991. The great Eskimo vocabulary hoax and other irreverent essays on the study of language. University of Chicago PressGoogle Scholar

Rabinow, Paul. 1984. ‘Introduction’, in Rabinow, Paul (ed.), The Foucault reader: an introduction to Foucault's thought. London: Penguin Books, pp. 3–30Google Scholar

Radcliffe-Brown, A. R. 1951. ‘The comparative method in social anthropology’, Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 81: 15–22Google Scholar

Radcliffe-Brown, A. R. 1952. Structure and function in primitive society: essays and addresses. London: Cohen and WestGoogle Scholar

Rappaport, Roy. 1999. Ritual and religion in the making of humanity. Cambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Renfrew, Colin. 2008. Prehistory: the making of the human mind. London: PhoenixGoogle Scholar

Renfrew, Colin and Morley, Iain (eds.). 2013. Becoming human: innovation in prehistoric material and spiritual culture. Cambridge University PressGoogle Scholar

Renfrew, Jane M. 2009. ‘Neanderthal symbolic behaviour?’, in Renfrew, and Morley, 2013, pp. 50–6

Robinson, Jennie. 2014. ‘The first hunter-gatherers’, in Cummings, , Jordan, and Zvelebil, , pp. 177–90

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. 1973 [1750–62]. The social contract and discourses (translated by Cole, G. D. H.). London: J. M. Dent & SonsGoogle Scholar

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques 1986 [1781]. ‘Essay on the origin of languages’ (translated by John H. Moran), in Rousseau and Herder, pp. 1–74

Rousseau, Jean-Jacques and Herder, Johann Gottfried. 1986. On the origin of language: two essays. University of Chicago PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Rowley-Conwy, Peter. 2006. ‘The concept of prehistory and the invention of the terms “prehistoric” and “Prehistorian”: the Scandinavian origin, 1833–1850’, European Journal of Archaeology 9: 103–30CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Ruhlen, Merritt. 1994a. The origin of language: tracing the evolution of the mother tongue. New York: John Wiley & SonsGoogle Scholar

Ruhlen, Merritt 1994b. On the origin of languages: studies in linguistic taxonomy. Stanford University PressGoogle Scholar

Sahlins, Marshall. 1974. Stone age economics. London: Tavistock PublicationsGoogle Scholar

Sahlins, Marshall 1976. The use and abuse of biology: an anthropological critique of sociobiology. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan PressGoogle Scholar

Sampson, Geoffrey. 2005 [1997]. The ‘language instinct’ debate (second edition). London: ContinuumGoogle Scholar

Samuels, Andrew. 1985. Jung and the post-Jungians. London: Routledge & Kegan PaulCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sapir, Edward. 1933. ‘Language’, in Encyclopaedia of the social sciences, volume 9. New York: Macmillan, pp. 155–96Google Scholar

Saussure, Ferdinand de. 1974 [1916]. Course in general linguistics (edited by Bally, Charles and Sechehaye, Albert, translated by Baskin, Wade). Glasgow: Fontana/CollinsGoogle Scholar

Savage-Rumbaugh, E. Sue and Rumbaugh, Duane M.. 1993. ‘The emergence of language’, in Gibson, Kathleen R. and Ingold, Tim (eds.), Tools, language and cognition in human evolution. Cambridge University Press, pp. 86–108Google Scholar

Schepartz, L. A. 1993. ‘Language and modern human origins’, American Journal of Physical Anthropology 36 (Issue Supplement 17): 91–126CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Schmidt, Wilhelm. 1939 [1937]. The culture historical method of ethnology:} the scientific approach to the racial question (translated by Sieber, S. A.). New York: Fortuny'sGoogle Scholar

Schurr, Theodore G. 2004. ‘The peopling of the New World: perspectives from molecular anthropology’, Annual Review of Anthropology 33: 551–83CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Senghas, Richard J., Senghas, Ann and Pyers, Jennie E.. 2005. ‘The emergence of Nicaraguan Sign Language: questions of development, acquisition, and evolution’, in Parker, Sue Taylor, Langer, Jonas and Milbrath, Constance (eds.), Biology and knowledge revisited: from neurogenesis to psychogenesis. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 287–306Google Scholar

Shennan, Stephen. 2001. ‘Demography and cultural innovation: a model and its implications for the emergence of modern human culture’, Cambridge Archaeological Journal 11: 5–16CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Silberbauer, George B. 1963. ‘Marriage and the girl's puberty ceremony of the G/wi Bushmen’, Africa 33: 12–24CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Slater, Peter. 2012. ‘Bird song and language’, in Tallerman, and Gibson, 2012a, pp. 96–101.

Smith, Adam. 1767. The theory of moral sentiments, to which is added a dissertation on the origins of languages (third edition). London: A. Millar, A. Kincaid and J. Bell.Google Scholar

Smith, Adam 1978. Lectures on jurisprudence [Lectures delivered 1762–63], edited by Meek, R. L., Raphael, D. D. and Stein, P. G.. Oxford: The Clarendon PressGoogle Scholar

Smith, Andrew D. M. and Höfler, Stefan. 2014. ‘The pivotal role of metaphor in the evolution of human language’, in Díaz-Vera, Javier E. (ed.), Metaphor and metonomy across time and cultures: perspectives on the sociohistorical linguistics of figurative language. Amsterdam: De Grouter Mouton, pp. 123–40Google Scholar

Smith, Andrew D. M., Schouwstra, Marieke, Boer, Bart de and Smith, Kenny (eds.). 2010. The evolution of language: Proceedings of the 8th International Conference (EVOLANG8). Singapore: World ScientificCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Soodyall, Himla (ed.). 2006. The prehistory of Africa: tracing the lineage of modern man. Johannesburg: Jonathan BallGoogle Scholar

Spikins, Penny A., Rutherford, Holly E. and Needham, Andrew P.. 2010. ‘From homininity to humanity: compassion from the earliest archaics to modern humans’, Time and Mind 3(3): 303–26CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Stam, James H. 1976. Inquiries into the origin of language: the fate of a question. New York: Harper & RowGoogle Scholar

Stewart, Pamela J. and Strathern, Andrew. 2002. Violence: theory and ethnography. New York: ContinuumGoogle Scholar

Stix, Gary. 2008. ‘The migration history of humans: DNA study traces human origins across the continents’, Scientific American 299 (1): 56–63Google Scholar

Stocking, George W., Jr. 1968. Race, culture, and evolution: essays in the history of anthropology. New York: The Free PressGoogle Scholar

Stringer, Chris. 2011. The origin of our species. London: Allen LaneGoogle Scholar

Swadesh, Morris (edited by Sherzer, Joel F.). 2006 [c.1967]. The origin and diversification of language. New Brunswick: AldineTransactionGoogle Scholar

Swann, Joan. 2009 [2000]. ‘Language in interaction’, in Mesthrie, Rajend, Swann, Joan, Deumert, Ana and Leap, William L., Introducing sociolinguistics (second edition). Edinburgh University Press, pp. 183–212Google Scholar

Taçon, Paul S. C. 2009. ‘Identifying ancient religious thought and iconography: problems of definition, preservation, and interpretation’, in Renfrew, and Morley, 2013, pp. 61–73

Tallerman, Maggie and Gibson, Kathleen R. (eds.). 2012a. The Oxford handbook of language evolution. Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar

Tallerman, Maggie and Gibson, Kathleen R. 2012b. ‘Introduction: the evolution of language’, in Tallerman and Gibson 2012a, pp. 1–45

Tattersall, Ian. 1998. Becoming human: evolution and human uniqueness. Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar

Tattersall, Ian 2008. The world from beginnings to 4000 BCE. Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar

Tilly, Christopher. 1990. ‘Claude Lévi-Strauss: structuralism and beyond’, in Tilly, Christopher (ed.), Reading material culture: structuralism, hermeneutics and post-structuralism. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, pp. 3–81Google Scholar

Tomasello, Michael. 1999. The cultural origins of human cognition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University PressGoogle Scholar

Tomasello, Michael 2008. Origins of human communication. Cambridge, MA: MIT PressGoogle Scholar

Tomasello, Michael and Call, Josep. 2007. ‘Ape gestures and the origins of language’, in Call, Josep and Tomasello, Michael (eds.), The gestural communication of apes and monkeys. London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 221–39Google Scholar

Traill, Anthony. 1994. A !Xóõ dictionary (Research in Khoisan Studies 9). Cologne: Rüdiger Köppe VerlagGoogle Scholar

Traugott, Elizabeth Closs. 2003. ‘Constructions in grammaticalization’, in Joseph, Brian D. and Janda, Richard D. (eds.),The handbook of historical linguistics. Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 624–47Google Scholar

Trigger, Bruce. 2006 [1989]. A history of archaeological thought (second edition). Cambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Trivers, Robert L. 1971. ‘The evolution of reciprocal altruism’, Quarterly Review of Biology 46: 35–57CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Tyler, Stephen A. (ed.). 1969. Cognitive anthropology. New York: Holt, Rinehart & WinstonGoogle Scholar

Tylor, Edward B. 1871. Primitive culture: researches into the development of mythology, philosophy, religion, art, and custom (volume 2). London: John MurrayGoogle Scholar

Ulbaek, Ib. 1998. ‘The origin of language and cognition’, in Hurford, , Studdert-Kennedy, and Knight, , pp. 30–43

Vico, Giambattista. 2002 [1725]. The first new science (Leon Pompa). Cambridge University PressCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Visser, Hessel. 2001. Naro dictionary: Naro-English, English-Naro (fourth edition). Gantsi: Naro Language Project / SIL International SwannGoogle Scholar

Wade, Nicholas. 2006. Before the dawn: recovering the lost history of our ancestors. New York: Penguin BooksGoogle Scholar

Wallin, Nils L., Merker, Björn and Brown, Steven (eds.). 2000. The origins of music. Cambridge, MA: MIT PressGoogle Scholar

Watts, Ian. 2009. ‘Red ochre, body painting, and language: interpreting the Blombos ochre’, in Botha, and Knight, , pp. 62–92

Wells, Spencer. 2007. Deep ancestry: inside the genographic project. Washington, DC: National GeographicGoogle Scholar

Wells, Spencer 2010. Pandora's seed: why the hunter-gatherer holds the key to our survival. London: Penguin BooksGoogle Scholar

Whallon, Robert, Lovis, William A. and Hitchcock, Robert K. (eds.). 2011. Information and its role in hunter-gatherer bands: ideas, debates and perspectives. Los Angeles: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology at UCLAGoogle Scholar

White, Stephanie A. 2013. ‘FoxP2 and vocalization’, in Lefebvre, , Comrie, and Cohen, , pp. 211–35

Whitehouse, Paul. 2008. ‘Some speculations on the evolution of language, and the language of evolution’, in Bengtson, , pp. 401–16

Whorf, Benjamin Lee. 1956a. ‘A linguistic consideration of thinking in primitive communities’, in Carroll, pp. 65–86

Whorf, Benjamin Lee 1956b. ‘The relation of habitual thought and behavior to language’, in Carroll, pp. 134–59

Widlok, Thomas. 1999. Living on mangetti: ‘Bushman’ autonomy and Namibian independence. Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar

Wiessner, Pauline Wilson (Polly). 1977. Hxaro: a regional system of reciprocity for reducing risk among the !Kung San (two volumes). Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan (University Microfilms International)Google Scholar

Wiessner, Pauline Wilson 1982. ‘Risk, reciprocity and social influence on !Kung San economics’, in Leacock, Eleanor and Lee, Richard (eds.), Politics and history in band societies. Cambridge University Press, pp. 61–84Google Scholar

Wiessner, Pauline Wilson 2014. ‘Embers of society: firelight talk among the Ju/’hoansi Bushmen’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) 111(39): 14027–35CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Willis, Roy. 1974. Man and beast. London: Hart-Davis, MacGibbonGoogle Scholar

Wilson, Daniel. 1851. The archaeology and prehistoric annals of Scotland. Edinburgh: Sutherland and KnoxGoogle Scholar

Wilson, David Sloan. 2011. ‘The human major transition is relation to symbolic behavior, including language, imagination, and spirituality’, in Henshilwood, and d'Errico, , pp. 133–39

Wilson, Edward O. 1975. Sociobiology: the new synthesis. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University PressGoogle Scholar

Winterhalder, Bruce and Alden Smith, Eric (eds.). 1981. Hunter-gatherer foraging strategies: ethnographic and archaeological analyses. University of Chicago PressGoogle Scholar

Wittgenstein, Ludwig. 1953. Philosophical investigations.Oxford: B. BlackwellGoogle Scholar

Witzel, E. J. Michael. 2012. The origins of the world's mythologies. Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar

Woodburn, James. 1980. ‘Hunter-gatherers today and reconstruction of the past’, in Gellner, Ernest (ed.), Soviet and Western anthropology. London: Duckworth, pp. 95–117Google Scholar

Woodburn, James 1982. ‘Egalitarian societies’, Man (n.s.) 17: 431–51CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wrangham, Richard. 2009. Catching fire: how cooking made us human. London: Profile BooksGoogle Scholar

Wray, Alison. 1998. ‘Protolanguage as a holistic system for social interaction’, Language and Communication 18: 47–67CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Wray, Alison 2000. ‘Holistic utterances in protolanguage: the link from primates to humans’, in Knight, Chris, Studdert-Kennedy, Michael and Hurford, James (eds.), The evolutionary emergence of language: social function and the origins of linguistic form. Cambridge University Press, pp. 285–302Google Scholar

Wynn, Thomas and Coolidge, Frederick L.. 2012. How to think like a Neandertal. Oxford University PressGoogle Scholar

Zegura, Stephen L. 2008. ‘Current topics in human evolutionary genetics’, in Bengtson, , pp. 343–57

Zilhão, João. 2014. ‘The Neanderthals: evolution, palaeontology, and extinction’, in Cummings, , Jordan, and Zvelebil, , pp. 191–213

Zuberbühler, Klaus. 2013. ‘Primate communication’, in Lefebvre, , Comrie, and Cohen, , pp. 187–210