Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
July 2009
Print publication year:
2005
Online ISBN:
9780511493805

Book description

This book is a close study of lawyers who practise occupational safety and health law in the United States, using detailed interview and survey data to explore the roles that lawyers have as representatives of companies, unions, and OSHA (the Occupational Safety and Health Administration). Placed in the context of evolving understandings of regulatory politics as a problem of public-private interaction and negotiation, the book argues that lawyers adapt to multiple roles in what prove to be highly complex settings. The core chapters examine stages of the administrative process where various groups attempt to shape the immediate outcomes and the development of OSHA law. These stages include administrative rulemaking, post-rulemaking litigation of government standards, regulatory enforcement, and compliance counseling by lawyers.

Refine List

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
×

Contents

Bibliography
Abel, Richard L., American Lawyers (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1989)
Abramowitz, Michael E., “Bureaucrats and Lawyers: Myths and Realities,” Bureaucrat 2 (1973), 257–8
Allegretti, Joseph, “Have Briefcase Will Travel: An Essay on the Lawyer as Hired Gun,” Creighton Law Review 24 (1990–1), 747–80
Aman, Alfred C. Jr., “The Globalizing State: A Future-Oriented Perspective on the Public/Private Distinction, Federalism, and Democracy,” Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 31 (1998), 769–870
American Bar Association, Model Code of Professional Responsibility (1981)
American Bar Association, House of Delegates, Model Rules of Professional Conduct (Chicago, IL: American Bar Association Center for Professional Responsibility, 1994 edn)
American Bar Association Commission on Opportunities for Minorities in the Profession, Miles to Go: Progress of Minorities in the Legal Profession (Chicago, IL: American Bar Association, http://www.abanet.org/minorities/home.html, 1998)
Appelbaum, Richard P., William, L. F. Felstiner, and Gessner, Volkmar (eds.), Rules and Networks: The Legal Culture of Global Business Transactions (Oxford and Portland, OR: Hart Publishing, 2001)
Ashford, Nicholas A., Crisis in the Workplace: Occupational Disease and Injury (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1976)
Ashford, Nicholas A., Ryan, C. William, and Charles, C. Caldart, “A Hard Look at Federal Regulation of Formaldehyde: A Departure from Reasoned Decisionmaking,” Harvard Environmental Law Review 7 (1983), 297–370
Auerbach, Carl A., “Legal Education and Its Discontents,” Journal of Legal Education 34 (1984), 73–6
Auerbach, Carl A., Hurst, Willard, Lloyd, K. Garrison, and Mermin, Samuel, The Legal Process: An Introduction to Decision Making by Judicial, Legislative, Executive, and Administrative Agencies (San Francisco, CA: Chandler Publishing Co., 1961)
Auerbach, Jerold S., Unequal Justice: Lawyers and Social Change in Modern America (New York NY: Oxford University Press, 1976)
Ayres, Ian and Braithwaite, John, Responsive Regulation: Transcending the Deregulation Debate (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1992)
Bardach, Eugene and Robert, A. Kagan, Going by the Book: The Problem of Regulatory Unreasonableness (Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 1982)
Barrow, Deborah J. and Thomas, G. Walker, A Court Divided: The Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals and the Politics of Judicial Reform (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1988)
Bell, David A., Lawyers and Citizens: The Making of a Political Elite in Old Regime France (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1994)
Bernstein, Marver, Regulating Business by Independent Commission (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1955)
Black, Julia, “Decentring Regulation: Understanding the Role of Regulation and Self-Regulation in a ‘Post-Regulatory’ World,” Current Legal Problems 54 (2001), 103–46
Black, Julia, “New Institutionalism and Naturalism in Socio-Legal Analysis: Institutionalist Approaches to Regulatory Decision Making,” Law and Policy 19 (1997), 51–93
Black, Julia, “Proceduralizing Regulation: Part I,” Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 20 (2000), 597–614
Black, Julia, “Proceduralizing Regulation: Part II,” Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 21 (2001), 33–58
Black, Julia, “Regulatory Conversations,” Journal of Law and Society 29 (2002), 163–96
Bobbitt, Philip, “Is Law Politics?Stanford Law Review 41 (1989), 1233–1312
Boissevain, Jeremy, Friends of Friends: Networks, Manipulators and Coalitions (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1974)
Bokat, Stephen A. and Thompson, Horace A. III (eds.), Occupational Safety and Health Law (Washington, DC: Bureau of National Affairs, 1988)
Bor, Victoria L. and Feitshans, Ilise Levy (eds.), Occupational Safety and Health Law: 1995 Cumulative Supplement (Washington, DC: Bureau of National Affairs, 1995)
Bowers, Edwin, “Occupational Safety and Health Administration's Legal Professional,” Job Safety & Health Quarterly 3 (Fall 1991), 21
Braithwaite, John, “Enforced Self-Regulation: A New Strategy for Corporate Crime Control,” Michigan Law Review 80 (1982), 1466–1507
Braithwaite, John, To Punish or Persuade: Enforcement of Coal Mine Safety (Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 1985)
Breyer, Stephen, Breaking the Vicious Circle: Toward Effective Risk Regulation (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993)
Breyer, Stephen, “Judicial Review of Questions of Law and Policy,” Administrative Law Review 38 (1987), 363–98
Brigham, John, The Constitution of Interests: Beyond the Politics of Rights (New York, NY: New York University Press, 1996)
Brown, Charles, Hamilton, James, and Medoff, James, Employers Large and Small (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1990)
Brown, George H., “Environmental Lawyers and the Public Interest: A Response to David Dana,” Oregon Law Review 74 (1995), 85–98
Brown, Richard, “Theory and Practice of Regulatory Enforcement: Occupational Health and Safety Regulation in British Columbia,” Law and Policy 16 (1994), 63–91
Bryner, Gary C., Bureaucratic Discretion: Law and Policy in Federal Regulatory Agencies (New York: Pergamon Press, 1987)
Burley, Anne-Marie and Mattli, Walter, “Europe before the Court: A Political Theory of Legal Integration,” International Organization 47 (1993), 41–76
Cain, Maureen, “The Symbol Traders,” in Cain, Maureen and Christine, B. Harrington (eds.), Lawyers in a Postmodern World: Translation and Transgression (New York, NY: New York University Press, 1994), 15–48
Cain, Maureen and Christine, B. Harrington (eds.), Lawyers in a Postmodern World: Translation and Transgression (New York, NY: New York University Press, 1994)
Carle, Susan D., “Elites, Ethics, and the Public Good: Race, Class, and Legal Ethics in the Early NAACP,” Law and History Review 20 (2002), 97–146
Carlin, Jerome E., Lawyers' Ethics: A Survey of the New York City Bar (New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation, 1966)
Carruthers, Bruce G. and Terence, C. Halliday, Rescuing Business: The Making of Corporate Bankruptcy Law in England and the United States (Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 1998)
Carson, K. and Johnstone, Richard, “The Dupes of Hazard: Occupational Health and Safety and the Victorian Sanctions Debate,” Australian and New Zealand Journal of Sociology 26 (1990), 126–41
Cherrington, David R., “The Race to the Courthouse: Conflicting Views Toward the Judicial Review of Occupational Safety and Health Administration Standards,” Brigham Young University Law Review (1994), 95–128
Chubb, John E. and Paul, E. Peterson (eds.), Can the Government Govern? (Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1989)
Clayton, Cornell W. (ed.), Government Lawyers: The Federal Legal Bureaucracy and Presidential Politics (Lawrence, KS: University Press of Kansas, 1995)
Clune, William H. III, “A Political Model of Implementation and Implications of the Model for Public Policy, Research, and the Changing Roles of Law and Lawyers,” Iowa Law Review 69 (1983), 47–125
Coffee, John C. Jr., “‘No Soul to Damn: No Body to Kick’: An Unscandalized Inquiry into the Problem of Corporate Punishment,” Michigan Law Review 79 (1981), 386–459
Coglianese, Cary, “Assessing Consensus: The Promise and Performance of Negotiated Rulemaking,” Duke Law Journal 46 (1997), 1255–1349
Coglianese, Cary, “Challenging the Rules: Litigation and Bargaining in the Administrative State,” Ph.D. thesis, University of Michigan (1994)
Coglianese, Cary, “Litigating within Relationships: Disputes and Disturbance in the Regulatory Process,” Law and Society Review 30 (1996), 735–65
Conley, John M. and William, M. O'Barr, Just Words: Law, Language, and Power (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1998)
Crews, Jr., Clyde Wayne, “Ten Thousand Commandments: An Annual Snapshot of the Federal Regulatory State” (Washington, DC: Cato Institute, 2003: available at http://www.cato.org/tech/pubs/10kc_2002.pdf)
Crier, Catherine, The Case Against Lawyers (New York, NY: Broadway, 2002)
Curren, Barbara A. and Clara, N. Carson, The Lawyer Statistical Report: The US Legal Profession in the 1990s (Chicago, IL: American Bar Foundation, 1994)
Daicoff, Susan, “Lawyer, Know Thyself: A Review of Empirical Research on Attorney Attributes Bearing on Professionalism,” American University Law Review 46 (1997), 1337–1427
Daintith, Terence C., “A Regulatory Space Agency?Oxford Journal of Legal Studies 9 (1989), 534–56
Dana, David, “Environmental Lawyers and the Public Service Model of Lawyering,” Oregon Law Review 74 (1995), 57–83
Davis, Ann, “Big Jump in Minority Associates, But …National Law Journal (April 29, 1996), 1
de Bruijn, Johan A. and Ernst F. ten Heuvelhof, “Policy Networks and Governance,” in David, L. Weimer (ed.), Institutional Design (Boston, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1995)
Dezalay, Yves, “The Forum Should Fit the Fuss: The Economics and Politics of Negotiated Justice,” in Cain, Maureen and Christine, B. Harrington (eds.), Lawyers in a Postmodern World: Translation and Transgression (New York, NY: New York University Press, 1994), 155–82
Dobbin, Frank and John, R. Sutton, “The Strength of a Weak State: The Rights Revolution and the Rise of Human Resources Management Divisions,” American Journal of Sociology 104 (1998), 441–76
Dodge, Emily P., “Evolution of a City Law Office,” Wisconsin Law Review 40 (1956), 35–56
Downs, Anthony, Inside Bureaucracy (Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 1967)
Driscoll, Dawn-Marie, , W. Michael Hoffman, and Joseph, E. Murphy, “Business Ethics and Compliance: What Management is Doing and Why,” Business and Society Review 99 (1998), 35–51
Eisenstein, James, Roy, B. Flemming, and Peter, F. Nardulli, The Contours of Justice: Communities and Their Courts (Boston, MA: Little, Brown, and Co., 1988)
Eisenstein, James and Jacob, Herbert, Felony Justice: An Organizational Analysis of Criminal Courts (Boston, MA: Little, Brown, and Co., 1977)
Eisner, Marc Allen, Regulatory Politics in Transition (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1993)
Elliot, E. Donald Jr., “The Dis-Integration of Administrative Law: A Comment on Shapiro,” Yale Law Journal 92 (1983), 1523–36
Epstein, Cynthia Fuchs, et al., “Glass Ceilings and Open Doors: Women's Advancement in the Legal Profession,” Fordham Law Review 64 (1995), 291
Fiorino, Daniel J., “Regulatory Negotiation as a Policy Process,” Public Administration Review 48 (1988), 764–72
Fisher, Elizabeth and Schmidt, Patrick, “Seeing the ‘Blind Spots’ in Administrative Law: Theory, Practice, and Rulemaking Settlements in the United States,” Common Law World Review 30 (2001), 348–72
Fiss, Owen M., “Against Settlement,” Yale Law Journal 93 (1984), 1073–90
Flemming, Roy B., Poter, F. Nardulli, and Eisenstein, James, The Craft of Justice: Politics and Work in Criminal Court Communities (Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1992)
Flood, John A., “Anatomy of Lawyering: An Ethnography of a Corporate Law Firm,” Ph.D thesis, Northwestern University (1987)
Foster, James C., The Ideology of Apolitical Politics: Elite Lawyers' Response to the Legitimation Crisis of American Capitalism, 1870–1920 (New York, NY: Garland, 1990)
Frantz, Douglas and McKean, David, Friends in High Places: The Rise and Fall of Clark Clifford (Boston, MA: Little, Brown, & Co., 1995)
Freeman, Jody, “Collaborative Governance,” UCLA Law Review 45 (1997), 1–98
Freeman, Jody, “The Private Role in Public Governance,” New York University Law Review 75 (2000), 543–675
Freeman, Jody and Laura, I. Langbein, “Regulatory Negotiation and the Legitimacy Benefit,” New York University Environmental Law Journal 9 (2000), 60–151
Friedman, Lawrence M., Total Justice (New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation, 1985)
Friedman, Lawrence M. and Ladinsky, Jack, “Social Change and the Law of Industrial Accidents,” Columbia Law Review 67 (1967), 50–82
Gaba, Jeffrey M., “Informal Rulemaking by Settlement Agreement,” Georgetown Law Journal 73 (1985), 1241–82
Gais, Thomas L., Mark, A. Peterson and Jack, L. Walker, “Interest Groups, Iron Triangles and Representative Institutions in American National Government,” British Journal of Political Science 14 (1984), 161–85
Galanter, Marc, “Why the ‘Haves’ Come Out Ahead: Speculations on the Limits of Legal Change,” Law and Society Review 9 (1974), 95–160
Galanter, Marc and Palay, Thomas, Tournament of Lawyers: The Transformation of the Big Law Firm (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1991)
Galligan, Denis, “Authoritarianism in Government and Administration: The Promise of Administrative Justice,” Current Legal Problems 54 (2001), 79–102
Galligan, Denis, Discretionary Powers: A Legal Study of Official Discretion (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1986)
Geradin, Damien and Nicolas Petit, “The Development of Agencies at EU and National Levels: Conceptual Analysis and Proposals for Reform,” Harvard Jean Monnet Working Paper No. 01/04 (http://www.jeanmonnetprogram.org/papers/04/040101.html) (2004)
Gersuny, Carl, Work Hazards and Industrial Conflict (Hanover, NH: University Press of New England, 1981)
Gibeaut, John, “Marking a Decade of Struggle,” American Bar Association Journal 83 (October 1997), 100
Gifford, Daniel J., “Federal Administrative Law Judges: The Relevance of Past Choices to Future Directions,” Administrative Law Review 49 (1997), 1–60
Gilboy, Janet A., “Regulatory and Administrative Agency Behavior: Accommodation, Amplification, and Assimilation,” Law and Policy 17 (1995), 3–22
Gilson, Ronald J., “The Devolution of the Legal Profession: A Demand Side Perspective,” Maryland Law Review 49 (1990), 869–916
Glendon, Mary Ann, A Nation Under Lawyers: How the Crisis in the Legal Profession is Transforming American Society (New York, NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1994)
Glickstein, Howard A., “Law Schools: Where the Elite Meet to Teach,” Nova Law Journal 10 (1986), 541–6
Gombar, Robert C., Arthur, G. Sapper, and Melissa, A. Bailey, “Sweeping Changes in Store with Occupational Safety and Health Administration's Safety Program Standard,” Occupational Hazards 59 (May 1997), 25
Gordon, Robert W., “The Independence of Lawyers,” Boston University Law Review 68 (1988), 1–83
Goulden, Joseph C., The Superlawyers: The Small and Powerful World of the Great Washington Law Firms (New York, NY: Weybright and Talley, 1972)
Gourman Report: Rating of Graduate and Professional Programs in American and International Universities (Los Angeles, CA: National Education Standards, 1994)
Gräbe, Sylvia, “Regulatory Agencies and Interest Groups in Occupational Health and Safety in Great Britain and West Germany: A Perspective from West Germany,” Law and Policy 13 (1991), 55–72
Gramm, Wendy L., Testimony before the United States House Committee on Government Reform on H.R. 2432, the Paperwork and Regulatory Improvements Act of 2003, July 22, 2003 (available at http://www.mercatus.org/article.php/363.html)
Granfield, Robert, Making Elite Lawyers: Visions of Law at Harvard and Beyond (New York, NY: Routledge, 1992)
Gray, Wayne B. and John, T. Scholz, “Does Regulatory Enforcement Work? A Panel Analysis of Occupational Safety and Health Administration Enforcement,” Law and Society Review 27 (1993), 177–213
Green, Mark J., The Other Government: The Unseen Power of Washington Lawyers (New York, NY: Grossman Publishers, 1975)
Gunningham, Neil, Robert, A. Kagan, and Thornton, Dorothy, Shades of Green: Business, Regulation, and Environment (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2003)
Haines, Fiona, Corporate Regulation: Beyond “Punish or Persuade” (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997)
Hall, Clare, Scott, Colin, and Hood, Christopher, Telecommunications Regulation: Culture, Chaos and Interdependence Inside the Regulatory Process (London: Routledge, 2000)
Ham, Christopher, Policy-making in the National Health Service: A Case Study of the Leeds Regional Hospital Board (London: Macmillan Press, 1981)
Hamilton, Robert W., “The Role of Nongovernmental Standards in the Development of Mandatory Federal Standards Affecting Safety or Health,” Texas Law Review 56 (1978), 1329–1484
Hancher, Leigh, Regulating for Competition: Government, Law, and the Pharmaceutical Industry in the United Kingdom and France (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990)
Hancher, Leigh and Moran, Michael (eds.), Capitalism, Culture, and Regulation (Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 1989)
Hanf, Kenneth and Fritz, W. Scharpf (eds.), Interorganizational Policy Making: Limits to Coordination and Central Control (London: Sage, 1978)
Harcourt, A. J. and Radaelli, C. M., “Limits to EU Technocratic Regulation?European Journal of Political Research 35 (1999), 107–22
Harlow, Carol, Accountability in the European Union (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2002)
Harrington, Christine B., “Outlining a Theory of Legal Practice,” in Cain, Maureen and Christine, B. Harrington (eds.), Lawyers in a Postmodern World: Translation and Transgression (New York, NY: New York University Press, 1994), 49–69
Harter, Philip J., “Fear of Commitment: An Affliction of Adolescents,” Duke Law Journal 46 (1997), 1389–1429
Harter, Philip J., “In Search of Goldilocks: Democracy, Participation, and Government,” Penn State Environmental Law Review 10 (2002), 113–34
Harter, Philip J., “Negotiating Regulations: A Cure for Malaise,” Georgetown Law Journal 71 (1982), 1–118
Hawkins, Keith, Law as Last Resort: Prosecution Decision-Making in a Regulatory Agency (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002)
Hawkins, Keith and Bridget, M. Hutter, “The Response of Business to Social Regulation in England and Wales: An Enforcement Perspective,” Law and Policy 15 (1993), 199–217
Heinz, John P. and Edward, O. Laumann, Chicago Lawyers: The Social Structure of the Bar (New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation, 1982)
Heinz, John P. and Edward, O. Laumann, “The Constituencies of Elite Urban Lawyers,” Law and Society Review 31 (1997), 441–72
Heinz, John P., Edward, O. Laumann, Robert, L. Nelson, and Robert, H. Salisbury, The Hollow Core: Private Interests in National Policy Making (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1993)
Heller, Jamie G., “Legal Counseling in the Administrative State: How to Let the Client Decide,” Yale Law Journal 103 (1994), 2503–30
Hertogh, Marc and Halliday, Simon (eds.), Judicial Review and Bureaucratic Impact: International and Interdisciplinary Perspectives (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2004)
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, “The Path of the Law,” Harvard Law Review 10 (1897), 457–78
Hopkins, Andrew, “Social Values in Occupational Safety Law,” Legal Studies Forum 13 (1989), 135–50
Horowitz, Donald L., The Jurocracy: Government Lawyers, Agency Programs, and Judicial Decisions (Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1977)
Horsky, Charles A., The Washington Lawyer (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1981 reprint, originally published 1952)
Hosticka, Carl J., “We Don't Care About What Happened, We Only Care About What Is Going To Happen: Lawyer–Client Negotiations of Reality,” Social Problems 26 (1979), 599–610
Howard, J. Woodford Jr., Courts of Appeals in the Federal Judicial System: A Study of the Second, Fifth, and District of Columbia Circuits (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1981)
Huigen, Jos, Information Supply and the Implementation of Policy: Playing with Ambiguity and Uncertainty in Policy Networks (Delft: Eburon, 1994)
Humphries, Martha Anne and Donald, F. Songer, “Law and Politics in Judicial Oversight of Administrative Agencies,” Journal of Politics 61 (1999), 207–20
Hutter, Bridget M. and Lloyd-Bostock, Sally, “The Power of Accidents: The Social and Psychological Impact of Accidents and the Enforcement of Safety Regulations,” British Journal of Criminology 30 (1990), 409–22
Irons, Peter H., The New Deal Lawyers (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1982)
Jasanoff, Sheila, “Science and the Limits of Administrative Rule-making: Lessons from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration Cancer Policy,” Osgoode Hall Law Journal 20 (1982), 536–61
Johnson, George Robert Jr., “The Split-Enforcement Model: Some Conclusions From the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and Mine Safety and Health Administration Experiences,” Administrative Law Review 39 (1987), 315–51
Jordana, Jacint and Levi-Faur, David (eds.), The Politics of Regulation: Institutions and Regulatory Reforms for the Age of Governance (Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2004)
Kagan, Robert A., Adversarial Legalism: The American Way of Law (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2001)
Kagan, Robert A., “Introduction: Comparing National Styles of Regulation in Japan and the United States,” Law and Policy 22 (2000), 225–44
Kagan, Robert A. and Axelrad, Lee (eds.), Regulatory Encounters: Multinational Corporations and American Adversarial Legalism (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2000)
Kagan, Robert A. and Rosen, Robert Eli, “On the Social Significance of Large Law Firm Practice,” Stanford Law Review 37 (1985), 399–443
Keleman, R. Daniel, “The Rise of Adversarial Legalism in the European Union: Beyond Policy Learning and Regulatory Competition,” in Levi-Faur, David and Eran, Vigoda-Gadot (eds.), International Public Policy and Management: Policy Learning Beyond Regional, Cultural and Political Boundaries (New York, NY: Marcel Dekker, 2004)
Kelman, Steven, Regulating America, Regulating Sweden: A Comparative Study of Occupational Safety and Health Policy (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1981)
Kemp, Kathleen, “Lawyers, Politics and Economic Regulation,” Social Science Quarterly 64 (1986), 267–82
Keohane, Robert O. and Elinor Ostrom, “Introduction,” in Keohane, and Ostrom, (eds.), Local Commons and Global Interdependence: Heterogeneity and Cooperation in Two Domains (London: Sage Publications, 1995)
Kerwin, Cornelius M., Rulemaking: How Government Agencies Write Law and Make Policy 3rd edn (Washington, DC: CQ Press, 2003)
Kickert, Walter J. M., Klijn, Erik-Hans, and Joop, F. M. Koppenjan (eds.), Managing Complex Networks: Strategies for the Public Sector (London: Sage Publications, 1997)
King, Anthony (ed.), The New American Political System (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute, 1978)
Klijn, Erik-Hans, “Analyzing and Managing Policy Processes in Complex Networks: A Theoretical Examination of the Concept Policy Network and Its Problems,” Administration & Society 28 (1996), 90–119
Knoke, David, Political Networks: The Structural Perspective (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 1990)
Kolko, Gabriel, The Triumph of Conservatism: A Reinterpretation of American History 1900–1916 (New York, NY: Free Press of Glencoe, 1963)
Kovach, Kenneth A. and Hamilton, Nancy Greer, “Labor's Efforts Sustain Workplace Safety,” Labor Studies Journal 22 (1997), 57
Kovach, Kimberlee K., “The Lawyer as Teacher: The Role of Education in Lawyering,” Clinical Law Review 4 (1998), 359–90
Kritzer, Herbert M., “Adjudication to Settlement: Shading in the Gray,” Judicature 70 (1986), 161–5
Kritzer, Herbert M., “‘Data, Data, Data, Drowning in Data’: Crafting The Hollow Core,” Law and Social Inquiry 21 (1996), 761–804
Kritzer, Herbert M., The Justice Broker: Lawyers and Ordinary Litigation (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1990)
Kronman, Anthony T., The Lost Lawyer: Failing Ideals in the Legal Profession (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University, 1993)
Landon, Donald D., Country Lawyers: The Impact of Context on Professional Practice (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1990)
Langbein, Laura I. and Cornelius, M. Kerwin, “Regulatory Negotiation versus Conventional Rule Making: Claims, Counterclaims, and Empirical Evidence,” Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 10 (2000), 599–632
Laski, Harold J., The American Democracy: A Commentary and An Interpretation (New York, NY: Viking Press, 1948)
Lewis, Frank, “Employers' Liability,” Atlantic Monthly 103 (January 1909), 60
Linowitz, Sol with Mayer, Martin, The Betrayed Profession: Lawyering at the End of the Twentieth Century (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996)
Lipartito, Kenneth, “What Have Lawyers Done for American Business? The Case of Baker & Botts of Houston,” Business History Review 64 (1990), 489–526
Loevinger, Lee, “A Washington Lawyer Tells What It's Like,” George Washington Law Review 38 (1970), 531–45
Lofgren, Don J., Dangerous Premises: An Insider's View of Occupational Safety and Health Administration Enforcement (Ithaca, NY: ILR Press, 1989)
Luban, David, “Settlements and the Erosion of the Public Realm,” Georgetown Law Journal 83 (1995), 2619–62
Macaulay, Stewart, “Business Adaptation to Regulation: What Do We Know and What Do We Need to Know?Law and Policy 15 (1993), 259–70
Macaulay, Stewart, “Lawyers and Consumer Protection Laws,” Law and Society Review 14 (1979), 115–71
Macaulay, Stewart, “Non-Contractual Relations in Business: A Preliminary Study,” American Sociological Review 28 (1963), 55–69
Majone, Giandomenico, Evidence, Argument and Persuasion in the Policy Process (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1989)
Majone, Giandomenico, Regulating Europe (London, UK: Routledge, 1996)
Marin, Bernd and Mayntz, Renate (eds.), Policy Networks: Empirical Evidence and Theoretical Consideration (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1991)
Marinetto, Mike, “Governing beyond the Centre: A Critique of the Anglo-Governance School,” Political Studies 51 (2003), 592–608
Marks, Gary, Fritz, W. Scharpf, Philippe, C. Schmitter, and Streeck, Wolfgang, Governance in the European Union (London: Sage, 1996)
Martindale-Hubbell Law Directory (Summit, NJ: Martindale-Hubbell, 2004)
Mashaw, Jerry L., “Improving the Environment of Agency Rulemaking: An Essay on Management, Games, and Accountability,” Law and Contemporary Problems 57 (1994), 185–257
Mashaw, Jerry L. and David, L. Harfst, “Regulation and Legal Culture: The Case of Motor Vehicle Safety,” Yale Journal on Regulation 4 (1987), 257–316
McBarnet, Doreen, “Law and Capital: The Role of Legal Form and Legal Actors,” International Journal of the Sociology of Law 12 (1984), 231–8
McBarnet, Doreen, “Legal Creativity: Law, Capital, and Legal Avoidance,” in Cain, Maureen and Christine, B. Harrington (eds.), Lawyers in a Postmodern World: Translation and Transgression (New York, NY: New York University Press, 1994), 73–84
McBarnet, Doreen, and Whelan, Christopher, Creative Accounting and the Cross-eyed Javelin Thrower (Chichester: J. Wiley, 1999)
McCann, Michael, Rights at Work: Pay Equity Reform and the Politics of Legal Mobilization (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1989)
McGarity, Thomas O., “Some Thoughts on ‘Deossifying’ the Rulemaking Process,” Duke Law Journal 41 (1993), 1385–1462
McGarity, Thomas O. and Sidney, A. Shapiro, Workers At Risk: The Failed Promise of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (Westport, CT: Praeger Press, 1993)
McGuire, Kevin T., The Supreme Court Bar: Legal Elites in the Washington Community (Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 1993)
Meklinsky, Ian D., “What To Do When the Occupational Safety and Health Administration Inspector Knocks (Part I),” The Practical Lawyer 43 (March 1997), 63
Melnick, R. Shep, Regulation and the Courts: The Case of the Clean Air Act (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution, 1983)
Mendlehoff, John M., The Dilemma of Toxic Substance Regulation: How Overregulation Causes Underregulation at Occupational Safety and Health Administration (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1988)
Milhaupt, Curtis J. and Geoffrey, P. Miller, “Regulatory Failure and the Collapse of Japan's Home Mortgage Lending Industry: A Legal and Economic Analysis,” Law and Policy 22 (2000), 245–90
Milhaupt, Curtis J. and Mark, D. West, “Law's Dominion and the Market for Legal Elites in Japan,” Law and Policy in International Business 34 (2003), 451–98
Mintz, Benjamin W., Occupational Safety and Health Administration: History, Law, and Policy (Washington, DC: Bureau of National Affairs, 1984)
Mitchell, Neil J., The Conspicuous Corporation: Business, Public Policy and Representative Democracy (Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1997)
Moe, Terry M., “Control and Feedback in Economic Regulation: The Case of the National Labor Relations Board,” American Political Science Review 79 (1985), 1094–1116
Morag-Levine, Noga, Chasing the Wind: Regulating Air Pollution in the Common Law State (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003)
Moran, John B., Kojola, Bill, and Melius, James, “Asphalt Paving Exposure Controls: A Model for the Future?Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 12 (1997), 407–9
Moran, Michael, “Understanding the Regulatory State,” British Journal of Political Science 32 (2002), 391–413
Morgan, Bronwen, Social Citizenship in the Shadow of Competition: The Bureaucratic Politics of Regulatory Justif ication (Aldershot, UK: Ashgate Press, 2003)
Mullan, David and Ceddia, Antonella, “The Impact on Public Law of Privatization, Deregulation, Outsourcing, and Downsizing: A Canadian Perspective,” Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 10 (2003), 199–246
Nader, Ralph and Green, Mark (eds.), Verdicts on Lawyers (New York, NY: Cromwell, 1976)
Nader, Ralph and Wesley, J. Smith, No Contest: Corporate Lawyers and the Perversion of Justice in America (New York, NY: Random House, 1996)
Nelson, Robert L., “The Futures of American Lawyers: A Demographic Profile of a Changing Profession in a Changing Society,” Case Western Reserve Law Review 44 (1994), 345–406
Nelson, Robert L. and John, P. Heinz, with Edward, O. Laumann and Robert, H. Salisbury, “Lawyers and the Structure of Influence in Washington,” Law and Society Review 22 (1988), 237–300
Nelson, Robert L. and David M. Trubek, “Arenas of Professionalism: The Professional Ideologies of Lawyers in Context,” in Nelson, Trubek, and Rayman, L. Solomon (eds.), Lawyers' Ideals/Lawyers' Practices: Transformations in the American Legal Profession (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1992)
Nelson, William E., “Contract Litigation and the Elite Bar in New York City, 1960–1980,” Emory Law Journal 39 (1990), 413–62
Nichols, Albert L. and Zeckhauser, Richard, “Government Comes to the Workplace: An Assessment of Occupational Safety and Health Administration,” Public Interest 49 (1977), 39–69
Noble, Charles, Liberalism at Work: The Rise and Fall of Occupational Safety and Health Administration (Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 1986)
Note, , “Growing the Carrot: Encouraging Effective Corporate Compliance,” Harvard Law Review 109 (1996), 1783–1800
O'Brien, David, “Administrative Discretion, Judicial Review, and Regulatory Politics,” in Douglas, H. Shumavon and Hibbeln, H. Kenneth (eds.), Administrative Discretion and Public Policy Implementation (New York, NY: Praeger, 1986)
The Official Guide to US Law Schools 1998–99 (Newtown, PA: Law School Admission Services, 1998)
Olson, Mancur, The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1971)
Olson, Susan M., Clients and Lawyers: Securing the Rights of Disabled Persons (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1984)
Olson, Walter K., The Rule of Lawyers: How the New Litigation Elite Threatens America's Rule of Law (New York, NY: Truman Talley, 2003)
Orts, Eric and Deketelaere, Kurt (eds.), Environmental Contracts: Comparative Approaches to Regulatory Innovation in the United States and Europe (Boston, MA: Kluwer Law International, 2001)
Parker, Christine, The Open Corporation: Effective Self-regulation and Democracy (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2002)
Pierce, Richard J. Jr., “Judicial Review of Agency Actions in a Period of Diminishing Agency Resources,” Administrative Law Review 49 (1997), 61–94
Pierce, Richard J. Jr., “Small is Not Beautiful: The Case Against Special Regulatory Treatment of Small Firms,” Administrative Law Review 50 (1998), 537–78
Pierce, Richard J. Jr., “The Unintended Effects of Judicial Review of Agency Rules: How Federal Courts Have Contributed to the Electricity Crisis of the 1990s,” Administrative Law Review 43 (1991), 7–29
Pierre, Jon and Peters, B. Guy, Governance, Politics and the State (Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 2000)
Plotke, David, “The Political Mobilization of Business,” in Mark, P. Petracca (ed.), The Politics of Interests: Interest Groups Transformed (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1992)
Powell, Michael J., From Patrician to Professional Elite: The Transformation of the New York City Bar Association (New York, NY: Russell Sage Foundation, 1988)
Prosser, Tony, Law and the Regulators (Oxford, UK: Clarendon Press, 1997)
Quigley, Thomas E., “Employee Involvement in the Occupational Safety and Health Administration Settlement Process,” Detroit College of Law Review (1990), 579–97
Quirk, Paul J., Industry Influence in Federal Regulatory Agencies (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1981)
Rabinowitz, Randy S., Occupational Safety and Health Law, 2nd edn (Washington, DC: Bureau of National Affairs, 2002)
Railton, W. Scott, Occupational Safety and Health Administration Compliance Handbook (Rockford, MD: Government Institutes, Inc., 1992)
Rees, Joseph V., Reforming the Workplace: A Study of Self-Regulation in Occupational Safety (Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1986)
Reich, Robert B., Locked in the Cabinet (New York: Vintage, 1998)
Reich, Robert B., “Regulation by Confrontation or Negotiation?Harvard Business Review 59 (May–June 1981), 82–93
Rhodes, R. A. W., The National World of Local Government (London: Allen and Unwin, 1986)
Riles, Annelise, The Network Inside Out (Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 2000)
Robertson, Leon S. and Keeve, J. Philip, “Worker Injuries: The Effects of Workers' Compensation and Occupational Safety and Health Administration Inspections,” Journal of Health Politics, Policy & Law 8 (1983), 581–97
Robinson, Glen O., American Bureaucracy: Public Choice and Public Law (Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1991)
Rossi, Jim, “Bargaining in the Shadow of Administrative Procedure: The Public Interest in Rulemaking Settlement,” Duke Law Journal 51 (2001), 1015–58
Rothstein, Mark A., “Occupational Safety and Health Administration After Ten Years: A Review and Some Proposed Reforms,” Vanderbilt Law Review 34 (1980), 71–139
Ruhl, J. B. and Salzman, James, “Mozart and the Red Queen: The Problem of Regulatory Accretion in the Administrative State,” Georgetown Law Journal 91 (2003), 757–850
Ryan, Mike H., Corporate Strategy, Public Policy, and the Fortune 500: How America's Major Corporations Influence Government (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1987)
Sarat, Austin and William, F. Felstiner, Divorce Lawyers and Their Clients: Power and Meaning in the Legal Process (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1995)
Schmidt, Patrick, “Let's (Not) Kill All the Lawyers: Corporate Regulatory Compliance and Attorneys' Divided Roles,” Business and Society Review 105 (2000), 269–87
Schmidt, Patrick, “Pursuing Regulatory Relief: Strategic Participation and Litigation in US Occupational Safety and Health Administration Rulemaking,” Business and Politics 4 (2002), 71–89
Schneyer, Ted, “Fuzzy Models of the Corporate Lawyer as Environmental Compliance Counselor,” Oregon Law Review 74 (1995), 99–119
Schoenbrod, David, Power Without Responsibility: How Congress Abuses the People Through Delegation (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1993)
Scholz, John T., “Cooperative Regulatory Enforcement and the Politics of Administrative Effectiveness,” American Political Science Review 85 (1991), 115–36
Scholz, John T. and Wayne, B. Gray, “Can Government Facilitate Cooperation? An Informational Model of Occupational Safety and Health Administration Enforcement,” American Journal of Political Science 41 (1997), 693–717
Scott, Colin, “Analysing Regulatory Space: Fragmented Resources and Institutional Design,” Public Law (Summer 2001), 329–53
Shamir, Ronen, Managing Legal Uncertainty: Elite Lawyers in the New Deal (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1995)
Shapiro, Martin and Sweet, Alec Stone, On Law, Politics, and Judicialization (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2002)
Shapiro, Sidney A., “Substantive Reform, Judicial Review, and Agency Resources: Occupational Safety and Health Administration as a Case Study,” Administrative Law Review 49 (1997), 645–70
Shapiro, Sidney A. and Thomas, O. McGarity, “Not So Paradoxical: The Rationale for Technology-Based Regulation,” Duke Law Journal (1991), 729–38
Shapiro, Sidney A. and Thomas, O. McGarity, “Reorienting Occupational Safety and Health Administration: Regulatory Alternatives and Legislative Reform,” Yale Journal on Regulation 6 (1989), 1–63
Shapiro, Sidney A. and Randy, S. Rabinowitz, “Punishment Versus Cooperation in Regulatory Enforcement,” Administrative Law Review 49 (1997), 703–37
Shapiro, Susan P., Wayward Capitalists: Target of the Securities and Exchange Commission (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1984)
Sikkink, Kathryn, “Human Rights, Principle Issue-Networks, and Sovereignty in Latin America,” International Organization 47 (1993), 411–41
Simon, William H., “Ethical Discretion in Lawyering,” Harvard Law Review 101 (1988), 1083–1145
Simon, William H., “The Ideology of Advocacy: Procedural Justice and Professional Ethics,” Wisconsin Law Review (1978), 29–144
Simon, William H., “Judicial Clerkships and Elite Professional Culture,” Journal of Legal Education 36 (1986), 129–37
Simpson, Sally S., Corporate Crime, Law, and Social Control (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2002)
Slaughter, Anne-Marie, “The Accountability of Government Networks,” Indiana Journal of Global Legal Studies 8 (2001), 347–67
Smigel, Erwin O., The Wall Street Lawyer (Bloomington, IL: Indiana University Press, 1964)
Stanley, Harold W. and Richard, G. Niemi, Vital Statistics on American Politics, 1997–1998 (Washington, DC: Congressional Quarterly, 1997)
Stern, Stephanie, “Cognitive Consistency: Theory Maintenance and Administrative Rulemaking,” University of Pittsburgh Law Review 63 (2002), 589–644
Stewart, Richard B., “The Discontents of Legalism: Interest Group Relations in Administrative Regulation,” Wisconsin Law Review (1985), 655–86
Stewart, Richard B., “The Reformation of American Administrative Law,” Harvard Law Review 88 (1975), 1669–1813
Stone, Christopher D., Where the Law Ends: The Social Control of Corporate Behavior (New York, NY: Harper and Row, 1975)
Stone Sweet, Alec, Sandholtz, Wayne, and Fligstein, Neil (eds.), The Institutionalization of Europe (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2001)
Strange, Susan, The Retreat of the State: The Diffusion of Power in the World Economy (Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1996)
Suchman, Mark C. and Mia, L. Cahill, “The Hired Gun as Facilitator: Lawyers and the Suppression of Business Disputes in Silicon Valley,” Law and Social Inquiry 21 (1996), 679–712
Teubner, Gunther, Law as an Autopoietic System (Oxford, UK: Blackwell, 1993)
Thatcher, Mark and Sweet, Alec Stone (eds.), The Politics of Delegation (London, UK: Frank Cass, 2003)
US Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstracts of the United States (Washington, DC, 1997
US Department of Labor, “Framework for the use of Negotiated Rulemaking in the Department of Labor” (http://www.dol.gov/asp/programs/negreg/nrbprta.htm)
US Department of Labor, “Occupational Safety and Health Administration Inspections”, pamphlet (2002, revised)
US Department of Labor, Twenty Years of Occupational Safety and Health Administration Federal Enforcement Data: A Review and Explanation of the Major Trends (Washington, DC: January 1993)
Waarden, Frans, “Dimensions and Types of Policy Networks,” European Journal of Political Research 21 (1992), 29–52
Vanderbergh, Michael P., “Beyond Elegance: A Testable Typology of Social Norms in Corporate Environmental Compliance,” Stanford Environmental Law Journal 22 (2003), 55–144
Verkuil, Paul, “Rulemaking Ossification – A Modest Proposal,” Administrative Law Review 47 (1995), 453–9
Weil, David, “Building Safety: The Role of Construction Unions in the Enforcement of Occupational Safety and Health Administration,” Journal of Labor Research 13 (1992), 121–32
Weingast, Barry R. and Mark, J. Moran, “Bureaucratic Discretion or Congressional Control: Regulatory Policymaking by the Federal Trade Commission,” Journal of Political Economy 91 (1984), 765–800
Westwood, Howard C., “The Influence of Washington Lawyering,” George Washington Law Review 38 (1970), 607–18
White, G. Edward, “Felix Frankfurter, the Old Boy Network, and the New Deal: The Placement of Elite Lawyers in Public Service in the 1930s,” Arkansas Law Review 39 (1986), 631–67
Whiting, Basil J., “Occupational Safety and Health Administration's Enforcement Policy,” Labor Law Journal 31 (1980), 259–82
Wilkinson, Margaret Ann, Mercer, Peter and Strong, Terra, “Mentor, Mercenary or Melding: An Empirical Inquiry into the Role of the Lawyer,” Loyola University of Chicago Law Journal 28 (1996), 373–418
Wilks, Stephen R. M. and Wright, Maurice (eds.), Comparative Government–Industry Relations: Western Europe, the United States, and Japan (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1987)
Williams, David B. and Gulati, G. Mitu, “Why Are There So Few Black Lawyers in Corporate Law Firms? An Institutional Analysis,” California Law Review 84 (1996), 493–625
Wood, B. Dan, “Principles, Bureaucrats, and Responsiveness in Clean Air Enforcement,” American Political Science Review 82 (1988), 213–34
Wood, B. Dan and James, B. Anderson, “The Politics of US Antitrust Regulation,” American Journal of Political Science 37 (1993), 1–39
Worsham, Jeff, Eisner, Marc Allen, and Evan, J. Ringquist, “Assessing the Assumptions: A Critical Analysis of Agency Theory,” Administration & Society 28 (1997), 419–42
Federal Register documents
Control of Hazardous Energy Sources (Lockout/Tagout): Final Rule. Supplemental Statement of Reasons,” Federal Register 58 (March 30, 1993), 16612–23
Control of Hazardous Energy Sources (Lockout/Tagout); Machinery, Equipment Maintenance: Final Rule,” Federal Register 54 (September 1, 1989), 36644–90
The Control of Hazardous Energy (Lockout/Tagout): Notice of the Availability of a Lookback Review Pursuant to the Regulatory Flexibility Act and Executive Order 12866,” Federal Register 65 (June 20, 2000), 38302–4
The Control of Hazardous Energy Sources (Lockout/Tagout): Proposed Rule,” Federal Register 53 (April 29, 1988), 15496–528
Corrections and Technical Amendments to the Final Rule on Control of Hazardous Energy Sources (Lockout/Tagout),” Federal Register 55 (September 20, 1990), 38677–88
Electric Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution: Electrical Protective Equipment: Final Rule,” Federal Register 59 (January 31, 1994), 4320–476
Electrical Standards for Construction: Final Rule,” Federal Register 51 (July 11, 1986), 25294–335
Notice of Public Meeting on Review of the Control of Hazardous Energy Sources (Lockout/Tagout) Standard (29 CFR 1910.147),” Federal Register 62 (May 29, 1997), 29089–90
Newspapers and Industry Reporters
Barstow, David and Bergman, Lowell, “Deaths on the Job, Slaps on the Wrist,” New York Times, January 10, 2003, p. A15
Compliance Program Draws Criticism, Advice. Inspections as Sanctions Raise Attorneys' Ire,” Occupational Safety and Health Reporter 27 (March 18, 1998), 1486–7
DeCoster Got Caught In Net After Enforcers Changed Their Approach,” Maine Sunday Telegraph, July 8, 1996, pp. 1A, 12A
Firms That Deny Occupational Safety and Health Administration Entry Draw Higher Fines, Cited For More Alleged Violations, Study Shows,” Occupational Safety and Health Reporter 23 (February 23, 1994), 1275
General Accounting Office, “Occupational Safety and Health: Penalties for Violations Are Well Below Maximum Allowable Penalties,” April 6, 1992, p. 6
Hudson Foods Has ‘Long History’ of Safety, Health Violations, Occupational Safety and Health Administration Says,” Washington Post, August 23, 1997, p. A11
Memo from Joseph A. Dear, Assistant Secretary and Thomas A. Williamson, Jr., Solicitor of Labor, regarding Enforcement Litigation Strategy,” March 24, 1995, published in Occupational Safety and Health Reporter 24 (April 5, 1995), 2218
Most Employers, Workers Satisfied with Occupational Safety and Health Administration Inspections, Survey Discovers,” Occupational Safety and Health Reporter 24 (January 25, 1995), 1723
Muffed Mission: Labor Secretary's Bid to Push Plant Safety Runs Into Skepticism,” Wall Street Journal, August 19, 1994, p. A1
Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission, Guide to Review Commission Procedures (November 1997)
Occupational Safety and Health Administration Admits to Ad Hoc Settlement Policy. Scant Oversight,” Inside Occupational Safety and Health Administration (April 7, 1997), 3
Special Report: Occupational Safety and Health Administration Settlement Agreements,” BNA Occupational Safety and Health Administration 27 (July 23, 1997), 244

Metrics

Full text views

Total number of HTML views: 0
Total number of PDF views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

Book summary page views

Total views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

* Views captured on Cambridge Core between #date#. This data will be updated every 24 hours.

Usage data cannot currently be displayed.