In the various treatments of late Umayyad history available to the student of the Islamic societies, little attention is given to the rebellion and ideology of the fourth group examined in the present monograph, that of ‵Abd Allāh ibn Mu‵āwiya ibn ‘Abd Allāh and his core followers, usually known as the Janāhiyya, who were the bulwark of his revolutionary movement and who were partisans of an extremist Shī‵ite ideology focusing on the person of Ibn Mu‵āwiya. The obvious reason for such an omission is, of course, that in the event it was a rebellion led by the famous Abū Muslim al-Khurasānī, not Ibn Mu‵āwiya, that overturned the Damascene dynasty, thereby ushering in a new order as well as a new ruling family. Whereas history as the study of victors rather than losers may be readily understandable and perhaps even justifiable, one may nevertheless question in this instance the validity of ignoring an “also-ran.” An examination of Ibn Mu‵āwiya and his adherents touches upon three important issues. First, an investigation of the rising shows the nature and extent of opposition to the rulers in Damascus by the middle 740s. Second, a close look at the composition of Ibn Mu‵āwiya's movement may suggest why Abū Muslim and not Ibn Mu‵āwiya attained the victor's laurels. Finally, an analysis of the teachings of the Janāhiyya, the extremist Shī‵ites who made up the core of the revolutionary movement, sheds further light upon the evolution of extremist Shī‵ite thought in the late Umayyad and early ‘Abbasid periods.