Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Work and Authors
- Contents
- Introduction
- SECTION ONE MANAGEMENT OF VALUE AND BY VALUE. SURVEY RESEARCH
- SECTION TWO CASE STUDIES
- SECTION THREE CHOSEN AXIOLOGICAL ISSUES 235
- 1 Contemporary Economic Axiology and its Relations with the Management of Economic Value
- 2 Nature of Values and Catalogue of Values in Management
2 - Nature of Values and Catalogue of Values in Management
from SECTION THREE - CHOSEN AXIOLOGICAL ISSUES 235
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 January 2018
- Frontmatter
- Work and Authors
- Contents
- Introduction
- SECTION ONE MANAGEMENT OF VALUE AND BY VALUE. SURVEY RESEARCH
- SECTION TWO CASE STUDIES
- SECTION THREE CHOSEN AXIOLOGICAL ISSUES 235
- 1 Contemporary Economic Axiology and its Relations with the Management of Economic Value
- 2 Nature of Values and Catalogue of Values in Management
Summary
Nature of values
There is no singular definition of values. The assumption adopted here is closer to the perception of social values, in that value is a general abstract principle that marks out the patterns of behaviour in a given organization / community / society which, as a result of the process of socialization – the members of a given community value highly and around which the integration of individual and social aims are executed.
The prototype of values was that of virtue (Greek arete, Latin virtus). Two and a half thousand years ago during the times of the sophists and Socrates, five of them were known: wisdom, prudence, valour, moderation and piety. Two hundred years later, Aristotle described 18 virtues in total. Nowadays, the term virtue is more seldom utilized and has been pushed out by values, whose number is enormous and impossible to establish precisely.
The purpose of this paper is adopted to a significant extent from Nicolai Hartmann (1882–1950), Władysław Tatarkiewicz (1886–1980) and Hans Joasem (born in 1948), in terms of the following assumptions:
– Philosophy, while also morality and ethics have certain constant achievements of a transhistorical significance, which also include virtues and values, while also being the universal trophy of these sciences.
– Values exist in an objective way, while the ideal entity from the other types, for instance mathematics, in which it is distinguished by the fact that they do not express necessity, but obligation is a significant feature of values.
– Each value that is excessively one-sided and displayed may be a threat to other values and for mankind itself. Hartmann termed this the “tyranny of value”. As we know from the experience of the 20th century, such values became a threat in the form of social justice, the happiness of future generations, the good of Germans (in the Third Reich), patriotism and courage. Contemporary threats are becoming values such as freedom, efficiency and competitiveness, while doubtless to say the good of the Russians, albeit by itself, without the excessive and pathological display they are, as in the previous cases, positive notions.
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- Chapter
- Information
- Management by Values (MBV)Management Respecting and Promoting Values, pp. 271 - 320Publisher: Jagiellonian University PressPrint publication year: 2015