Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Dedication
- Contents
- List of Illustrations and Tables
- Acknowledgements
- List of Abbreviations
- General Introduction
- Part I The Strategic and Fiscal Context
- Part II The Financing of Naval Expenditure
- Part III Paymaster Accountability and the Limitations of the State
- Part IV The Development and Management of the Naval Treasury
- Part V Fiscal Overextension and Operational Paralysis in the Era of the Spanish Succession
- Conclusion
- Appendix I Military-related spending in livres by exercice or financial year in the era of the Spanish Succession conflict, 1700–13
- Appendix II Military-related spending in livres by exercice or financial year in the era of the Nine Years’ War, 1689–99
- Appendix III Royal revenues in livres excluding the capitation and dixième taxes, 1683–1713
- Appendix IV Royal revenues in livres including the capitation and dixième taxes, 1683–1713
- Appendix V The average geographical distribution of Louis XIV's fleet in terms of rated warships and frégates légères, 1701–09
- Appendix VI Naval spending by area of expenditure, 1701–09
- Appendix VII The time frame in which the trésoriers were ordered to acquit naval costs, 1701–09
- Appendix VIII Summary of borrowing by trésorier Jacques de Vanolles during the exercice of 1703
- Appendix IX Detailed breakdown by source of revenue of the funding provided to the naval and galley treasuries, 1702–08
- Select Bibliography
- Index
5 - The Costs, Risks, and Rewards of Office
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 February 2024
- Frontmatter
- Dedication
- Contents
- List of Illustrations and Tables
- Acknowledgements
- List of Abbreviations
- General Introduction
- Part I The Strategic and Fiscal Context
- Part II The Financing of Naval Expenditure
- Part III Paymaster Accountability and the Limitations of the State
- Part IV The Development and Management of the Naval Treasury
- Part V Fiscal Overextension and Operational Paralysis in the Era of the Spanish Succession
- Conclusion
- Appendix I Military-related spending in livres by exercice or financial year in the era of the Spanish Succession conflict, 1700–13
- Appendix II Military-related spending in livres by exercice or financial year in the era of the Nine Years’ War, 1689–99
- Appendix III Royal revenues in livres excluding the capitation and dixième taxes, 1683–1713
- Appendix IV Royal revenues in livres including the capitation and dixième taxes, 1683–1713
- Appendix V The average geographical distribution of Louis XIV's fleet in terms of rated warships and frégates légères, 1701–09
- Appendix VI Naval spending by area of expenditure, 1701–09
- Appendix VII The time frame in which the trésoriers were ordered to acquit naval costs, 1701–09
- Appendix VIII Summary of borrowing by trésorier Jacques de Vanolles during the exercice of 1703
- Appendix IX Detailed breakdown by source of revenue of the funding provided to the naval and galley treasuries, 1702–08
- Select Bibliography
- Index
Summary
In disbursing money for the navy and acting as a short-term funding recourse, the trésoriers incurred regular and extraordinary expenses which exposed them to many personal risks. As Table 1 below shows, over the course of a particular exercice, or financial year, the trésoriers faced a series of basic structural costs in remitting funds throughout France. The most prominent of these ordinary expenses was the remuneration, or appointements, of the commis employed by the trésoriers to execute payments in the ports and other localities. As the establishment and management of this network of private agents rested exclusively with the trésoriers, it was the trésoriers’ responsibility to pay the salaries of the commis working under them. However, the precise cost of hiring an individual commis for the duration of an exercice remains difficult to determine as the commis operated in relative obscurity. The total expense for which the trésoriers were personally liable was contingent on the proposed size of the naval budget and the projected scale of naval activity, which had a direct bearing on the number of commis that the trésoriers needed to help them make remittances. In the 1690s and 1700s, when the trésoriers’ private network reached its greatest extent, the trésoriers had to pay 197,500 l. in appointements to their agents in France and overseas over the course of an exercice. While the fact that the trésorier was responsible for salary payments to the commis might suggest that he exerted a degree of control over his agents, the opportunities offered by profiting from the provision of short-term loans and advances in the ports far outweighed the regular salary offered by the trésorier.
Aside from salary expenses, the trésoriers accumulated courier fees from the transmission of letters and packets between the trésoriers’ bureaus in Paris and the commis in the ports, as well as from correspondence with government ministers, local naval administrators, creditors, and major suppliers. By the 1700s, the trésoriers were paying an estimated 10,000 l. per exercice to the ferme générale des postes (the tax contractors that collected duties on post) through either the directors of the postal bureau or the tax contractors in Paris where the ferme directly administered the postal system.
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- Maritime Power and the Power of Money in Louis XIV's FrancePrivate Finance, the Contractor State, and the French Navy, pp. 85 - 104Publisher: Boydell & BrewerPrint publication year: 2023