The book’s conclusion has three functions. Firstly, it summarizes the problems that arise when multiculturalism is presumed to be a natural good which can be applied in undifferentiated ways to resolve the problems faced by Kurds. Secondly, it reiterates that the historic treatment of national minorities in given situations is highly correlated to the viability of the solutions offered for the issues they face today. Finally, it argues that more considered, moderate, and case-specific applications of multiculturalism will need to be developed to resolve the problems faced in currently intractable cases such as that of the Kurds in Turkey. A new emphasis is needed on responding to territorial needs and empowering local administrations with key competencies in order to help resolve the Turkish- Kurdish conflict that undifferentiated forms of ethnocentric multiculturalism have inadvertently helped to inflame in recent years.