References
Abrams, Z. (2022). The psychological science of adolescent behavior and decision-making is reshaping the juvenile justice system. Monitoring on Psychology 53(8): 48.
Aharoni, E., Abdulla, S., Allen, C. H., and Nagelhoffer, T.. (2022). Ethical implications of neurobiologically informed risk assessment for criminal justice decisions: A case for pragmatism. In Neuroscience and Philosophy, eds. Brigard, F. De and Sinnott-Armstrong, W., pp.161–193. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Aharoni, E., Mallett, J., Vincent, G. M., et al. (2014). Predictive accuracy in the neuroprediction of rearrest. Social Neuroscience 9(4): 332–336.
Aharoni, E., Vincent, G. M., Harenski, C. L., et al. (2013). Neuroprediction of future rearrest. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 110(15): 6223–6228.
Alces, P. A. (2018). The Moral Conflict of Law and Neuroscience. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
American Psychological Association. (2004). The polygraph in doubt: Because of the nature of deception, there is no good wat to validate the test for making judgments about criminal behavior. Monitor on Psychology 35(7): 71.
Anderson, N. E., and Kiehl, K. A.. (2014). Psychopathy: Developmental perspectives and their implications for treatment. Restorative Neurology Neuroscience 32(1): 103–117.
Aono, D., Yaffe, G., and Kober, H.. (2019). Neuroscientific evidence in the courtroom: A review. Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications 4(4): 1–20.
Aspinwall, L. G., Brown, T. R., and Tabery, J.. (2012). The double-edged sword: Does biomechanism increase or decrease judges’ sentencing of psychopaths? Science 337: 846–849.
Balaguer, M. (2009). Free Will as an Open Scientific Problem. Boston: MIT Press.
Barrow, R. L., and Fabing, H. D.. (1956). Epilepsy and Law: A Proposal for Legal Reform in the Light of Medical Progress. New York: Hoeber-Harper.
Bennett, C. (2023). Rethinking four criticisms of consequentialist theories of punishment. In The Palgrave Handbook on the Philosophy of Punishment, ed. Altman, M. C., pp.171–194. New York: Palgrave Macmillian.
Bjornsson, G., and Pereboom, D.. (2014). Free will skepticism and bypassing. In Moral Psychology: Vol. 4, ed. Sinnott-Armstrong, W., pp. 142–157. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Blair, R. J. R., and Cipolotti, L.. (2000). Impaired social response reversal: A case of acquired sociopathy. Brain 123: 1122–41.
Boggio, P. S., Villani, A. B., Zaghi, S., et al. (2010). Modulation of risk-taking in marijuana users by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Drug and Alcohol Dependency 112(3): 220–225.
Bohm, D. (1952). A suggested interpretation of quantum theory in terms of “hibbed” variables, I and II. Physics Review 85(2): 166–193.
Bomann-Larsen, L. (2011). Voluntary rehabilitation? On neurotechnological behavioral treatment, valid consent and (in)appropriate offers. Neuroethics 6(1): 65–77.
Boonin, D. (2008). The Problem of Punishment. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Burns, J. M., and Swerdlow, R. H.. (2003). Right orbitofrontal tumor with pedophilia systmptom and constructional apraxia sign. Archives of Neurology 60(3): 437–440.
Caplan, A. (2006). Ethical issues surrounding forced, mandated, or coerced treatment. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 31(2): 117–120.
Caruso, G. D. (2012). Free Will and Consciousness: A Determinist Account of the Illusion of Free Will. Lanham, MD: Lexington Boos.
Caruso, G. D. (2016). Free will skepticism and criminal behavior: A public health-quarantine model. Southwestern Philosophical Review 32(1): 25–48.
Caruso, G. D. (2017). Public Health and Safety: The Social Determinants of Health and Criminal Behavior. London: ResearchLinks Books.
Caruso, G. D. (2020a). Justice without retribution: An epistemic argument against retributive criminal punishment. Neuroethics 13(1): 13–28.
Caruso, G. D. (2021a). Rejecting Retributivism: Free Will, Punishment, and Criminal Justice. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Caruso, G. D. (2021b). Retributivism, free will skepticism, and the public health-quarantine model: Replies to Kennedy, Walen, Corrado, Sifferd, Pereboom, and Shaw. Journal of Legal Philosophy 46(2): 161–216.
Caruso, G. D., and Morris, S. G.. (2017). Compatibilism and retributive desert moral responsibility: On what is of central philosophical and practical importance. Erkenntnis 82: 837–855.
Caruso, G. D., and Pereboom, D.. (2020). A non-punitive alternative to punishment. In Routledge Handbook of the Philosophy and Science of Punishment, eds. Focquaert, F., Waller, B., and Shaw, E., pp. 355–365. New York: Routledge.
Caruso, G. D., and Pereboom, D.. (2022). Reconsidering Moral Responsibility. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Caruso, J. P., and Sheehan, J. P.. (2017). Psychosurgery, ethics, and media: A history of Walter Freeman and lobotomy. Neurosurgical Focus 43(3): 1–8.
Castelli, L., Perozzo, P., Zibetti, M., et al. (2006). Chronic deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus for Parkinson’s disease: Effects on cognition, mood, anxiety, and personality traits. European Neurology 55: 136–144.
Castelli, L., Perozzo, P., Caglio, M., et al. (2008). Does subthalamic nucleus for Parkinson’s disease: Effects on cognition, mood, anxiety, and personality traits. European Neurology 55: 136–144.
Chisholm, R. (1964). Human freedom and the self. The Lindley Lecture. Reprinted in Free Will, ed. Watson, G., pp. 24–35. New York: Oxford University Press.
Chisholm, R. (1976). Person and Object: A Metaphysic Study. La Salle: Open Court.
Choy, O., Focquaert, F., and Raine, A.. (2020). Benign biological interventions to reduce offending. Neuroethics 13(1): 29–41.
Choy, O., Raine, A., and Hamilton, R. H.. (2018). Stimulation of the prefrontal cortex reduces intentions to commit aggression: A randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled, stratified, parallel-group trial. Journal of Neuroscience 38(29): 6505–6512.
Clarke, R. (2003). Libertarian Accounts of Free Will. New York: Oxford Unversity Press.
Cornell, D. G., Warren, J., Hawk, G., Staffoed, E., Oram, G., and Pine, D.. (1996). Psychopathy in instrumental and reactive violent offenders. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 64(4): 783–790.
Dalkner, N., Unterrainer, H. F., Wood, G., et al. (2017). Short-term beneficial effects of 12 sessions of neurofeedback on avoidant personality accentuation in the treatment of alcohol use disorder. Frontiers of Psychology 8: 1688.
Darby, R. R., Horn, A., Cushman, F., and Fox, M. D.. (2017). Lesion network localization of criminal behavior. PNAS 115(3): 601–606.
Davatzikos, C., Ruparel, K., Fan, Y., et al. (2005). Classifying spatial patterns of brain activity with machine learning methods: Application to lie detection. NeuroImage 28: 663–668.
Delfin, C., Krona, H., Andiné, P., et al. (2019). Prediction of recidivism in a long-term follow-up of forensic psychiatric patients: Incremental effects of neuroimaging data. PLoS One 14(5): e0217127.
Dennett, D. C., and Caruso, G. D.. (2021). Just Deserts: Debating Free Will. New York: Polity.
Denno, D. W. (2015). The myth of the double-edged sword: An empirical study of neuroscience evidence in criminal cases. Boston College Law Review 56(2): 493–551.
De Oliveira-Souza, R., Hare, R. D., Bramati, I. E., et al. (2008). Psychopathy as a disorder of the moral brain: Fronto temporo-limbic gray matter reductions demonstrated by vox-based morphometry. Neuroimage 40(3): 1202–1213.
Douglas, T. (2014a). Criminal rehabilitation though medical intervention: Moral liability and the right to bodily integrity. Journal of Ethics 18: 101–119.
Douglas, T. (2019). Nonconsensual neurocorrectives and bodily integrity: A reply to Shaw and Barn. Journal of Ethics 12: 107.
Douglas, T., Bonte, P., Focquart, F., Devolder, K., and Sterckx, S.. (2013). Coercion, incarceration, and chemical castration: An argument from autonomy. Journal of Bioethical Inquiry 10(3): 393–405.
Douglas, T., Pugh, J., Singh, I., Savulescu, J., and Fazel, S.. (2017). Risk assessment tools in criminal justice and forensic psychiatry: The need for better data. European Psychiatry: The Journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists 42: 134–137.
Du, Y. (2020). The application of neuroscience evidence on court sentencing decisions: Suggesting guideline for neuro-evidence. Seattle Journal for Social Justice 19(2): 493–523.
Ermer, E., Cope, L. M., Nyalakanti, P. K., Calhoun, V. D., and Kiehl, K. A.. (2011). Aberrant paralimbic gray matter in criminal psychopathy. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 121(3): 649–658.
Farahany, N.A. (2016). Neuroscience and behavioral genetics in US criminal law: An empirical analysis. Journal of Law and Biosciences 2(3): 485–509.
Farahany, N. A. (2023). The Battle for Your Brain: Defending Your Right to Think Freely in the Age of Neurotechnology. New York: St. Martin Press, MacMillan.
Fecteau, S., Knoch, D., Fregni, F., et al. (2007). Diminished risk-taking behavior by modulating activity in the prefrontal cortex: A direct current stimulation study. Journal of Neuroscience 27(46): 12500–12505.
Fedoroff, J. P., Wisner-Carlson, R., Dean, S., and Berlin, F. S.. (1992). Medroxy-progesterone acetate in the treatment of paraphilic sexual disorders: Rate of relapse in paraphilic men treated in long-term group psychotherapy with or without medroxy-progesterone acetate. Journal of Offender Rehabilitation 18(3–4): 109–123.
Fischer, J. M. (1994). The Metaphysics of Free Will: An Essay on Control. Oxford: Blackwell.
Focquaert, F. (2014). Mandatory neurotechnological treatment: Ethical issues. Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 35: 59–72.
Focquaert, F., and DeRidder, D.. (2009). Direct intervention in the brain: Ethical issues concerning personal identity. Journal of Ethics in Mental Health 4(2): 1–7.
Focquaert, F., and Erasmus, M. C.. (2015). Moral enhancement: Do means matter morally. Neuroethics 8: 139–151.
Focquaert, F., Glenn, A. L., and Raine, A.. (2013). Free will, responsibility, and the punishment of criminals. In The Future of Punishment, ed. Nadelhoffer, T. A., pp. 247–274. New York: Oxford University Press.
Focquaert, F., Van Assche, K., and Sterckx, S.. (2020). Offering neurointerventions to offenders with cognitive-emotional impairments: Ethical and criminal justice aspects. In Neurointerventions and the Law, eds. Vincent, N. A., Nadelhoffer, T., and McCay, A., pp.127–148. New York: Oxford University Press.
Forsberg, L., and Douglas, T.. (2017). Anti-libidinal interventions in sex offenders: Medical or correctional? Medical Law Review 24(4): 453–473.
Gamer, M. (2014). Mind reading using neuroimaging: Is this the future of deception detection? European Psychologist 19(3): 172–183.
Ganis, G., Kosslyn, S. M., Stose, S., Thompson, W. L., and Yurgelum-Todd, D. A.. (2011). Lying in the scanner: Covert countermeasures disrupt deception detection by functional magnetic resonance imaging. NeuroImage 55: 312–319.
Gkotsi, G. M., and Benaroyo, L.. (2012). Criminal offenders: Some ethical issues. Journal of Ethics in Mental Health 6: 1–7.
Glannon, W. (2007). Bioethics and the Brain. New York: Oxford University Press.
Glenn, A. L., Raine, A., Yaralian, P. S., and Yang, Y.. (2010). Increased volume of the striatum in psychopathic individuals. Biological Psychiatry 67: 52–58.
Glenn, A. L., Yang, Y., and Raine, A.. (2012). Neuroimaging in psychopathy and antisocial personality disorder: Functional significance and neurodevelopmental hypothesis. In Neuroimaging in Forensic Psychiatry: From the Clinical to the Courtroom, ed. Simpson, J. R., pp.81–98. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
Grafton, S., Sinnott-Armstrong, W., Gazzaniga, S., and Gazzaniga, M.. (2006). Brain scans go legal. Scientific American 17: 30–37.
Greely, H. T. (2007). Neuroscience and criminal justice: Not responsibility but treatment. University of Kansas Law Review 56(5): 1103–1138.
Greely, H. T. (2013). Neuroscience, mindreading, and the law. In A Primer on Criminal Law and Neuroscience, eds. Morse, S. J. and Roskies, A. L., pp. 120–149. New York: Oxford University Press.
Greely, H. T., and Farahany, N. A.. (2019). Neuroscience and the criminal justice system. Annual Review of Criminology 2: 451–471.
Greely, H. T., and Illes, J.. (2007). Neuroscience-based lie detection: The urgent need for regulation. American Journal of Law and Medicine 33: 377–431.
Green, E., and Cahill, B. S.. (2012). Effects of neuroimaging evidence on mock juror decision making. Behavioral Science and Law 30(3): 280.
Green, J., and Cohen, J.. (2004). For the law, neuroscience changes nothing and everything. Philosophical transactions: Biological Sciences 359(1451): 1775–1785.
Grove, W. M., and Meehl, P. E.. (1996). Comparative efficiency of informal (subjective, impressionistic) and formal (mechanical, algorithmic) prediction procedures: The clinical-statistical controversy. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 2(2): 293–323.
Grubin, D. (2018). The pharmacological treatment of sex offenders. In The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Forensic Neuroscience, eds. Beech, A. R., Carter, A. J., Mann, R. E., and Rothstein, P., pp. 703–724. New York: Wiley-Blackwell.
Hamilton, M. (2021a). Investigating algorithmic risk and race. UCLA Criminal Justice Law Review 5(1): 53–102.
Hamilton, M. (2022b). Evaluating algorithmic risk assessment. New Criminal Law Review 24(2): 156–211.
Hare, R. D., and McPherson, L. M.. (1984). Violent and aggressive behavior by criminal psychopaths. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 7: 35–50.
Hemphill, J. F., Hare, R. D., and Wong, S.. (1998). Psychopathy and recidivism: A review. Legal Criminology and Psychology 3(1): 139–170.
Hirstein, W., Sifferd, K. L., and Fagan, T. K.. (2018). Responsible Brains: Neuroscience, Law and Human Culpability. New York: MIT Press.
Houeto, J.-L., Mallet, L., Mesnaga, V., et al. (2006). Subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson disease: Behavior and social adaption. Archives of Neurology 63: 1090–1095.
Hucker, S., Langevin, R., and Bain, J.. (1988). A double blind trial of sex drive reducing medication in pedophiles. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 1(2): 227–242.
Jackson, J. (2009). Re-conceptualizing the right of silence as an effective fair trial standard. International Comparable Law Quarterly 58: 835–861.
Jeppsson, S. (2021). Retributivism, justification and credence: The epistemic argument revisited. Neuroethics 14(2): 177–190.
Kane, R. (1996). The Significance of Free Will. New York: Oxford University Press.
Kane, R. (2002). Some neglected pathways in the free will labyrinth. In The Oxford Handbook of Free Will, ed. Kane, R., pp.406–437. New York: Oxford University Press.
Kiehl, K. A., Anderson, N. E., Aharoni, E., et al. (2018). Age of gray matters: Neuroprediction of recidivism. NeuroImage: Clinical 19: 813–823.
Kozel, F. A., Johnson, K. A., Qiwen, M., et al. (2005). Detecting deception using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Biological Psychiatry 58: 605–613.
Langleben, D. D., Dattilo, F., and Guthei, T.. (2006). True lies: Delusions and lie-detection technology. Journal of Psychiatry Law 34: 351–370.
Lemos, J. (2018). A Pragmatic Approach to Libertarian Free Will. New York: Routledge.
Leutgeb, V., Leitner, M., Wabnegger, A., et al. (2015). Brain abnormalities in high-risk violence offenders and their association with psychopathic traits and criminal recidivism. Neuroscience 12(308): 194–201.
Levy, N. (2005). Libet’s impossible demand. Journal of Consciousness Studies 12(1): 67–76.
Levy, N. (2007). Neuroethics: Challenges for the 21st Century. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Levy, N. (2011). Hard Luck: How Luck Undermines Free Will and Moral Responsibility. New York: Oxford University Press.
Levy, N. (2012). Neuroethics. WIREs Cognitive Science 3: 143–151.
Lewis, P. T. (2016). Quantum Ontology: A Guide to the Metaphysics of Quantum Mechanics. New York: Oxford University Press.
Libet, B. (1985). Unconscious cerebral initiation and the role of conscious will in voluntary action. Behavioral and Brain Science 8: 529–566.
Libet, B. (1999). Do we have free will? Journal of Consciousness Studies 6(8–9): 47–57.
Libet, B., Gleason, C. A., Wright, E. W., and Pearl, D. K.. (1983). Time of conscious intention to act in relation to onset of cerebral activity (readiness-potential): The unconscious initiation of a freely voluntary act. Brain 106: 623–642.
Maletzky, B. M., Tolan, A., and McFarland, B.. (2006). The Oregon depo-provera program: A five-year follow-up. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment 18(3): 303–316.
Martin, G., and Johnson, C. L.. (2005). The boys totem town neurofeedback project: A pilot study of EEG biofeedback with incarcerated juvenile felons. Journal of Neurotherapy 9(3): 71–86.
McGirr, A., Van den Eynde, F., Chachamovich, E., M. Fleck, M. Berlim. (2014). Personality dimensions and deep repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulations (DTMS) for treatment-resistant depression: A pilot trial on five-factor prediction of antidepressant response. Neuroscience Letters 563: 144–148.
Meixner, J. B. (2016). The use of neuroscience evidence in criminal proceedings. Journal of Law and the Biosciences 3(2): 330–335.
Mele, A. (2006). Free Will and Luck. New York: Oxford University Press.
Mele, A. (2009). Effective Intentions. New York: Oxford University Press.
Mele, A. (2017). Aspects of Agency: Decisions, Abilities, Explanations, and Free Will. New York: Oxford University Press.
Meyer, B., Byrne, M. K., Collier, C. H., et al. (2015). Baseline omega-3 index correlates with aggressive and attention deficit disorder behaviours in adult prisoners. PLoS One 10(3): e0120220.
Meynen, G. (2014). Neurolaw: Neuroscience, ethics, and law. Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 17: 819–829.
Morse, S. J. (2005). Brain overclaim syndrome and criminal responsibility: A diagnostic note. Ohio State Journal of Criminal Law 3: 397–412.
Morse, S. J. (2013). Common criminal law compatibilism. In Neuroscience and Legal Responsibility, ed. Vincent, N. A., pp. 27–52. New York: Oxford University Press.
Morse, S. J. (2015). Criminal law and common sense: An essay on the perils and promise of neuroscience. Marquette Law Review 99: 39–72.
Morse, S. J. (2018). The neuroscience non-challenge to meaning, morals, and purpose. In Neuroexistentialism: Meaning, Morals, and Purpose in the Age of Neuroscience, eds. Caruso, G. D. and Flanagan, O., pp. 333–358. New York: Oxford University Press.
Morse, S. J., and Roskies, A. L.. (eds.) (2013). A Primer on Criminal Law and Neuroscience: A Contribution of the Law and Neuroscience Project. New York: Oxford University Press.
Moser, D. J., Arndt, S., Kanz, J. E., et al. (2004). Coercion and informed consent in research involving prisoners. Comprehensive Psychiatry 45(1): 1–9.
Nadelhoffer, T., Bibas, S., Grafton, S., et al. (2012). Neuroprediction, violence, and the law: Setting the stage. Neuroethics 5(1): 67–99.
Nahmias, E. (2011). Intuitions about free will, determinism, and bypassing. In The Oxford Handbook of Free Will, 2nd ed., ed. Kane, R., pp.555–576. New York: Oxford University Press.
O’Connor, T. (2000). Persons and Causes. New York: Oxford University Press.
Pardo, M. S., and Patterson, D.. (2013). Minds, Brains, and Law: The Conceptual Foundations of Law and Neuroscience. New York: Oxford University Press.
Pereboom, D. (1995). Determinism al dente. Nous 29: 21–45.
Pereboom, D. (2001). Living without Free Will. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Pereboom, D. (2014). Free Will, Agency, and Meaning in Life. New York: Oxford University Press.
Pereboom, D. (2021). Wrongdoing and the Moral Emotions. New York: Oxford University Press.
Pereboom, D. (2022). Free Will. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Pereboom, D., and Caruso, G. D.. (2018). Hard-incompatibilist existentialism: Neuroscience, punishment, and meaning in life. In Neuroexistentialism: Meaning, Morals, and Purpose in the Age of Neuroscience, eds. Caruso, G. D. and Flanagan, O., pp.193–222. New York: Oxford University Press.
Philipp-Wiegmann, F., Rosler, M., Romer, K. D., et al. (2011). Reducing cortical inhibition in violent offenders: A study with transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neuropsychobiology 64(2): 86–92.
Porter, S., Birt, A., and Boer, D. P.. (2001). Investigation of the criminal and conditional release profiles of Canadian federal offenders as a function of psychopathy and age. Law and Human Behavior 25(6): 647–661.
Porter, S., Brinke, L., and Wilson, K.. (2009). Profiles and conditional release performance of psychopathic and non-psychopathic sexual offenders. Legal Criminology and Psychology 14(1): 109–111.
Poythress, N. G., Petrila, J., McGaha, A., and Boothroyd, R.. (2002). Perceived coercion and procedural justice in the Broward mental health court. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 25(5): 517–533.
Pugh, J., and Douglas, T.. (2017). Neurointerventions as criminal rehabilitation: An ethical review. In Routledge Handbook of Criminal Justice Ethics, eds. Jacobs, J. and Jackson, J., pp.95–109. New York: Routledge.
Quirk, D.A. (1995). Composite biofeedback conditioning and dangerous offenders. Journal of Neurotherapy 1(2): 44–54.
Raine, A. (2014). The Anatomy of Violence: The Biological Roots of Crime. New York: Vintage.
Raine, A., Lencz, T., Bihrle, S., LaCasse, L., and Colletti, P.. (2000). Reduced prefrontal gray matter volume and reduced autonomic activity in antisocial personality disorder. Archives of General Psychiatry 57: 119–127.
Raine, A., Portnoy, J. H., Liu, J. H., Mahoomed, T., and Hibben, J. R.. (2015). Reduction in the behavior problems with omga-3 supplements in children aged 8–16 years: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, stratified, parallel-group trial. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 56(5): 509–520.
Raymond, J., Varney, C., Parkinson, L. A., and Gruzelier, J. H.. (2005). The effects of alpha/theta neurofeedback on personality and mood. Cognitive Brain Research 23: 287–282.
Redlich, A. D., Hoover, S., Summers, A., Steadman, H. J.. (2010). Enrollment in mental health courts: Voluntariness, knowingness, and adjudicative competence. Law and Human Behavior 34(2): 91–104.
Rice, M. E., and Harris, G. T.. (2003). The size and sign of treatment effects in sex offender therapy. Sexually Coercive Behavior: Understanding and Management 989: 428–440.
Rigg, J. (2002). Measures of perceived coercion in prison treatment settings. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 25(5): 473–490.
Romero-Martinez, A., Bressanutti, S., and Moya-Albiol, L.. (2020). A systematic review of the effectiveness of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques to reduce violence proneness by interfering in anger and irritability. Journal of Clinical Medicine 9(3): 882–903.
Ryberg, J. (2019). Neurointerventions, Crime and Punishment: Ethical Considerations. New York: Oxford University Press.
Roskies, A. (2002). Neuroethics for the new millennium. Neuron 35: 21–23.
Roth, M. (2018). Philosophical Foundations of Neurolaw. Lanham, Maryland: Lexington Books.
Rusconi, E., and Mitchener-Nissen, T.. (2013). Prospects of functional magnetic resonance imaging as lie detector. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 7: 1–12.
Rushing, S. E. (2014), The admissibility of brain scans in criminal trials: The case of positron emission tomography. Court Review 50: 62–69.
Ryberg, J. (2019). Neurointerventions, Crime, and Punishment. New York: Oxford University Press.
Sajous-Turner, A., Anderson, N. E., Widdows, M., et. al. (2020). Aberrant brain gray matter in murderers. Brain Imaging and Behavior 14(5): 2050–2061.
Salekin, R. T., Rogers, R., and Sewell, K. W.. (1996). A review and meta-analysis of the psychopathy checklist and psychopathy checklist-revised: Predictive validity of dangerousness. Clinical Psychological Sciences 3(3): 203–215.
Shaw, E. (2014). Free Will, Punishment, and Criminal Responsibility. Dissertation Thesis. Edinburgh University.
Shaw, E. (2018a). Retributivism and the moral enhancement of criminals through brain interventions. Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 83: 251–270.
Shaw, E. (2018b). Against the mandatory use of neurointerventions in criminal sentencing. In Treatment for Crime: Philosophical Essays on Neurointerventions in Criminal Justice, eds. Birks, D. and Douglas, T., pp. 321–337. New York: Oxford University Press.
Shaw, E. (2019). The right to bodily integrity and the rehabilitation of offenders through medical interventions: A reply to Thomas Douglas. Neuroethics 12: 97–106.
Shaw, E. (2022). Neuroscience, criminal sentencing, and human rights. William and Mary Law Review 63: 1409–1443.
Shen, F. X. (2016). The overlooked history of neurolaw. Fordham Law Review 85(2): 667–695.
Sifferd, K. L. (2020). Chemical castration as punishment. In Neuro-Interventions and the Law, eds. Nadelhoffer, T. and Vincent, N. A., pp. 513–533. New York: Oxford University Press.
Simpson, J. (2008). Functional MRI lie detection: Too good to be true? Journal of American Academy of Psychiatry Law 36: 491–498.
Smith, P. N., and Sams, M. W.. (2005). Neurofeedback with juvenile offenders: A pilot study in the use of QEEG-based and anlog-based remedial neurofeedback training. Journal of Neurotherapy 9(3): 97–99.
Soon, C. S., Brass, M., Heinze, H.-J., and Haynes, J.-D.. (2008). Unconscious determinants of free decisions in the human brain. Nature Neuroscience 11(5): 543–545.
Steinberg, L., and Scott, E. S.. (2003). Less guilty by reason of adolescence: Developmental immaturity, diminished responsibility, and the juvenile death penalty. American Psychologist 58(12): 1009–1018.
Straiton, J, and Lake, F.. (2021). Inside the brain of a killer: The ethics of neuroimaging in a criminal conviction. BioTechniques 70(2): 69–71.
Strawson, G. (1986). Freedom and Belief. New York: Oxford University Press.
Strawson, G. (1994). The impossibility of moral responsibility. Philosophical Studies 75(1): 5–24.
Taylor, J. Sherrod, Harp, J. A., and Elliot, T.. (1991). Neuropsychologists and neurolawyers. Neuropsychology 5(4): 293–305.
Taylor, R. (1974). Metaphysics, 4th ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Taxman, F. S. (2018). The partially clothed emperor: Evidence-based practices. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 34(97): 97–98.
Tiihonen, J., Rossi, R., Laakso, M., et al. (2008). Brain anatomy of persistent violent offenders: More rather than less. Psychiatric Research and Neuroimaging 163(3): 201–212.
To, W. T., Eroh, J., Hart, J., and Vanneste, S.. (2018). Exploring the effects of anodal and cathodal high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation targeting the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Scientific Reports 8(1): 4454.
US Congress Office of Technology Assessment. (1983). Scientific Validity of Polygraph Testing: A Research Review and Evaluation. Washington, DC: US Congress, Office of Technology Assessment.
Vaidman, L. (2014). Quantum theory and determinism. Quantum Studies: Mathematics and Foundations 1: 5–38.
Van Inwagen, P. (1993). An Essay on Free Will. New York: Clarendon Press.
Vargas, M. (2007). Revision. In Four Views on Free Will, eds. Fischer, J. M., Kane, R., Pereboom, D., and Vargas, M., pp.126–165. Malden, MA: Blackwell.
Vilhauer, B. (2009). Free will and reasonable doubt. American Philosophical Quarterly 46(2): 131–140.
Vilhauer, B. (2012). Taking free will skepticism seriously. The Philosophical Quarterly 62(249): 8333–8852.
Vincent, N. (2013). Law and neuroscience: Historical context. In Neuroscience and Legal Responsibility, ed. Vincent, N., pp.1–24. New York: Oxford University Press.
Vincent, N. (2014). Neurolaw and direct brain interventions. Criminal Law and Philosophy 8: 43–50.
Vincent, N., Nadelhoffer, T., and McCay, A. (eds.) (2020). Neurointerventions and the Law: Regulating Human Mental Capacity. New York: Oxford University Press.
Wegner, D. M. (2002). The Illusion of Conscious Will. Cambridge, MA: Bradford Books.
Wertheimer, A., and Miller, F.. (2014). There are (still) no coercive offers. Journal of Medical Ethics 40(9): 592–593.
Xie, S., Berryessa, C. M., and Focquaert, F.. (2022). The impact of Neuromorality on punishment: Retribution or rehabilitation. In The Palgrave Handbook on the Philosophy of Punishment, ed. Altman, M., pp. 441–464. London: Palgrave MaMillan.
Yang, M., Wong, S. C. P., and Coid, J.. (2010). The efficacy of violence prediction: A meta-analytic comparison of nine risk assessment tools. Psychological Bulletin 136: 740–767.
Yang, Y., and Raine, A.. (2009). Prefrontal structural and functional brain imagining findings in antisocial violence and psychopathic individuals: A meta-analysis. Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging 174(2): 81–88.
Zimmerman, M. J. (2011). The Immorality of Punishment. Buffalo: Broadview Press.
