3. Books, Articles and Theses
Abāh, Al-Sayyid Wald. Al-Tārīkh wa’l-Ḥaqīqa ladā Mīshīl Fūkū [History and Truth in the Work of Michel Foucault] (Beirut: Al-Dār al-ʿArabiyya li’l-ʿUlūm, 1994).
Abdulac, Samir. ‘Damas: les années Ecochard (1932–1982). Les rencontres étranges et passionnées d’une capital orientale et d’un urbaniste international’ in Les Cahiers de la Recherche Architecturale 10–11 (1982), pp. 32–43.
Abu-Lughod, Janet L.Rabat: Urban Apartheid in Morocco (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1980).
Adas, Michael. Machines as the Measure of Men: Science, Technology, and Ideologies of Western Dominance (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1989).
Aijmer, Goran. ‘The Idiom of Violence in Imagery and Discourse’ in Goran Aijmer, and Jon Abbink, eds. Meanings of Violence: A Cross-Cultural Perspective (Oxford and New York: Berg, 2000).
ʿAlī, Muḥammad Kurd. Khiṭaṭ al-Shām [Topography of Syria], 3rd ed. 3 vols. (Damascus: Maktabat al-Nūrī, 1983 [1922–1926]).
Anderson, Lisa. ‘The State in the Middle East and North Africa’ in Comparative Politics 20,1 (1987), pp. 1–19.
Anderson, Warwick. ‘Immunization and Hygiene in the Colonial Philippines’ in Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 62,1 (2007), pp. 1–20.
Andréa, Général. LaRévolte druze et l’insurrection de Damas 1925–26 (Paris: Payot, 1937).
Andrew, Christopher M. and A. S. Kanya-Forster. France Overseas: The Great War and the Climax of French Imperial Expansion (London: Thames and Hudson, 1981).
Anghie, Antony. ‘Colonialism and the Birth of International Institutions: Sovereignty, Economy and the Mandate System of the League of Nations’ in International Law and Politics 34,3 (2002), pp. 513–633.
Appadurai, Arjun. Modernity at Large: Cultural Dimensions of Globalization (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1996).
Apter, David. ‘Political Violence in Analytic Perspective’ in David Apter, ed. The Legitimization of Violence (London: MacMillan Press, 1997).
Al-ʿArawī, ʿAbdullah. Mafhūm al-Dawla [The Concept of the State] (Casablanca: al-Markaz al-Thaqāfī al-ʿArabī, 1981).
Arendt, Hannah. On Violence (London: Allen Lane/Penguin Press, 1967).
Al-ʿĀṣ, Muḥammad Saʿīd. Al-Tajārib al-Ḥarbiyya fī Ḥurūb al-Thawra al-Sūriyya [The Experience of War in the Wars of the Syrian Revolt] (Beirut: Dār al-Fikr li’l-Abḥāth wa’l-Nashr, 1990 [1930]).
Al-ʿĀṣ, [Muḥammad] Saʿīd. Ṣafaḥāt min al-Ayyām al-Ḥamrā’ [Pages from the Days of Blood] (Beirut: Al-Mu’assasa al-ʿArabiyya li’l-Dirāsāt wa’l-Nashr, 1988 [1929]).
Asad, Talal. ‘On Torture, or Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment’ in Arthur Kleinman, Veena Das and Margaret Lock, eds. Social Suffering (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999).
Al-Aṭrash, Ṣulṭān Bāshā. Aḥdāth al-Thawra al-Sūriyya al-Kubrā: Kamā Saradahā Qā’iduhā al-ʿĀmm Ṣulṭān Bāshā al-Aṭrash 1925–1927 [The Events of the Great Syrian Revolt as Narrated by Its General Commander Ṣulṭān Bāshā al-Aṭrash, 1925–1927] (Damascus: Dār Ṭalās, 2007).
Al-ʿAṭṭār, ʿAdnān. Thawrat al-Ḥurriya fī al-Minṭaqa al-Sādisa bi Dimashq 1925–1936 [sic]: Wādī Baradā wa’l-Muhājirīn wa’l-Ṣāliḥiyya [The Revolt for Freedom in the Six Region of Damascus, 1925–1936: Wādī Baradā, al-Muhājirīn and al-Ṣāliḥiyya] (Damascus: Dār Sa’ad al-Dīn, 1991).
Aubert, Louis F. ‘France and the League of Nations’ in Foreign Affairs 3,4 (1925), pp. 637–52.
Ayubi, Nazih N.Over-Stating the Arab State: Politics and Society in the Middle East (London and New York: I. B. Tauris, 1995).
Al-ʿAẓm, Aḥmad ʿĀṣim. ‘Muqaddima’ [Introduction] in Muṣtafā Waṣfī al-Sammān. Awrāq min Yawmiyyāt al-Thawra al-Sūriyya 1926–1927 [Pages from the Journal of the Syrian Revolt] Aḥmad ʿĀṣim al-ʿAẓm, ed. (Damascus: Maktabat Dār Ṭalās, 2004).
Barrows, Leland. ‘The Impact of Empire on the French Armed Forces, 1830–1920’ in G. Wesley Johnson, ed. Double Impact: France and Africa in the Age of Imperialism (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1985).
Benko, Georges and Ulf Strohmayer, eds. Space and Social Theory: Interpreting Modernity and Postmodernity (Oxford: Blackwell, 1997).
Bhambra, Gurminder K.Rethinking Modernity: Postcolonialism and the Sociological Imagination (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007).
Bhambra, Gurminder K. ‘Multiple Modernities or Global Interconnections: Understanding the Global Post the Colonial’ in N. Karagiannis and P. Wagner, eds. Varieties of World-Making: Beyond Globalisation (Liverpool University Press, 2006).
Bianquis, Anne-Marie. La Réforme agraire dans la Ghouta de Damas (Damascus: Institut français de Damas, 1989).
Bidwell, Robin. Morocco under French Rule: French Administration of Tribal Areas, 1912–1956 (London: Frank Cass, 1973).
Blecher, Robert Ian. The Medicalization of Sovereignty: Medicine, Public Health and Political Authority in Syria, 1861–1936 PhD thesis (Department of History, Stanford University, 2002).
Blecher, Robert Ian ‘Desert Medicine, Ethnography, and the Colonial Encounter in Mandatory Syria’ in Nadine Méouchy and Peter Sluglett, eds. The British and French Mandates in Comparative Perspectives (Leiden: Brill, 2004).
Blok, Anton. ‘The Enigma of Senseless Violence’ in Goran Aijmer and Jon Abbink, eds. Meanings of Violence: A Cross-Cultural Perspective (Oxford and New York: Berg, 2000).
Bocco, Ricardo. ‘La notion de Dirah chez les tribus bédouines en Jordanie: le cas des Bani Sakhr’ in Byron D. Cannon, ed. Terroirs et Sociétés au Maghreb et au Moyen Orient (Lyon: Maison de l’Orient, 1987).
Bocco, Ricardo and Tariq Tell. ‘Frontières, tribus et État(s) en Jordanie orientale à l’époque du Mandat’ in Monde arabe/Maghreb-Machrek 147 (1995), pp. 26–47.
Bokova, Lenka. La Confrontation franco-syrienne à l’époque du Mandat, 1925–1927 (Paris: L’Harmattan, 1990).
Bokova, Lenka ‘La Révolution française dans le discours de l’insurrection syrienne contre le Mandat français (1925–1927)’ in Revue du Monde Musulman et de la Méditerrannée 52–53 (1989), pp. 207–17.
Bou-Nacklie, N. E. ‘Tumult in Syria’s Hama in 1925: The Failure of a Revolt’ in Journal of Contemporary History 33,2 (1998), pp. 273–89.
Bou-Nacklie, N. E. ‘Les Troupes Spéciales: Religious and Ethnic Recruitment, 1916–46’ in International Journal of Middle East Studies 25 (1991), pp. 645–60.
Boucheman, Albert de. Une petite cité caravanière: Suḥné (Damascus: Institut français de Damas, 1935).
Boucheman, Albert deNote sur la rivalité de deux tribus moutonnières de Syrie, <Mawali> et les <Hadidiyn> (Paris: Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner, 1934).
Boucheman, Albert de ‘La sédentarisation des nomades du désert de Syrie’ in L’Asie française 320 (May 1934), pp. 140–3.
Brenner, Neil, Bob Jessop, Martin Jones and Gordon Macleod. ‘State Space in Question’ in Neil Brenner, Bob Jessop, Martin Jones and Gordon Macleod, eds. State/Space: A Reader (Oxford: Blackwell, 2003).
Bromley, Simon. Rethinking Middle East Politics: State Formation and Development (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1993).
Brown, Nathan. ‘Brigands and State Building: The Invention of Banditry in Modern Egypt’ in Comparative Studies in Society and History 32,2 (1990), pp. 258–81.
Burke III, Edmund. ‘A Comparative View of French Native Policy in Morocco and Syria, 1912–1925’ in Middle Eastern Studies 9,2 (1973), pp. 175–87.
Cadi, Médecin Capitaine. ‘L’Assistance médicale aux Bédouins’ in Revue des Troupes du Levant 2 (April 1936), pp. 35–44.
Carbillet, Capitaine. Au Djebel Druze: choses vues et vecues (Paris: Editions Argo, 1929).
Cassia, Paul Sant. ‘“Better Occasional Murders than Frequent Adulteries”: Discourses on Banditry, Violence, and Sacrifice in the Mediterranean’ in Fernando Coronil and Julie Skurski, eds. States of Violence (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2006).
Castillon, Dr L.La Lutte antipaludique dans les Etats du Levant sous Mandat Français: Alexandrette 1919–1929 (Atelier typographique des Troupes du Levant, 1931).
Catroux, Général. Deux Missions en Moyen-Orient (1919–1922) (Paris: Librairie Plon, 1958).
Catroux, Lt Col. Le Mandat français en Syrie. Son application à l’état de Damas (Paris: Revue politique et parlémentaire, 1922).
Çeylik, Zeynap. Urban Forms and Colonial Confrontations: Algiers under French Rule (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1997).
Chakrabarty, Dipesh. Provincialising Europe: Postcolonial Thought and Historical Difference (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2000).
Charles, Henri. Tribus Moutonnières du Moyen-Euphrate (Damascus: Institut français de Damas, n.d.).
Chatterjee, Partha. The Nation and Its Fragments: Colonial and Postcolonial Histories (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993).
Clément-Grandcourt, Général. Au Levant. Histoires de brigands, histoires vraies (Paris: Editions Victor Attinger, 1936).
Collet, Commandant and Capitaine Dejoux. ‘Les Tcherkess’ in Revue des Troupes du Levant 2 (April 1936), pp. 45–58.
Conklin, Alice. A Mission to Civilize: The Republican Idea of Empire in France and West Africa, 1895–1930 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997).
Cooper, Frederick. Colonialism in Question: Theory, Knowledge, History (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005).
Cooper, Frederick ‘Conflict and Cooperation: Rethinking Colonial African History’ in American Historical Review 99,5 (1994), pp. 1516–70.
Coronil, Fernando. ‘Beyond Occidentalism: Towards Nonimperial Geohistorical Categories’ in Cultural Anthropology 11,1 (1996), pp. 51–87.
Danger, René. ‘L’Urbanisme en Syrie’ in Urbanisme 55 (1936), pp. 121–63.
Danger, René ‘L’aménagement de la ville d’Alep’ in Jean Royer, ed. L’urbanisme aux colonies et dans les pays tropicaux. Communications et rapports du Congrès international de l’urbanisme aux colonies et dans les pays de latitude intertropicale (La Charité-sur-Loire: Delayance, 1932).
Danger, RenéRaymond Danger, Paul Danger and Michel Ecochard, Damas. Rapport d’enquête monographique sur la ville (N.p.: n.p., 1936).
Dawdy, Shannon Lee. ‘The Burden of Louis Congo and the Evolution of Savagery in Louisiana’ in Steven Pierce and Anupama Rao, eds. Discipline and the Other Body: Correction, Corporeality, Colonialism (Durham: Duke University Press, 2006).
Dean, Mitchell. Governmentality: Power and Rule in Modern Society (London: Sage, 1999).
Dean, MitchellCritical and Effective Histories: Foucault’s Methods and Historical Sociology (London and New York: Routledge, 1994).
Dean, Mitchell ‘Liberal Government and Authoritarianism’ in Economy and Society 31,1 (2002), pp. 37–61.
Delmas and Trabaud. Contribution à l’étude générale du paludisme en Syrie (Beirut: Imprimerie du Bureau Topographique de l’AFL, 1926).
Derengil, Serim. ‘“They Live in a State of Nomadism and Savagery”: The Late Ottoman Empire and the Post-Colonial Debate’ in Comparative Studies in Society and History 45,2 (2003), pp. 311–42.
Direction du Service des Renseignements du Levant. Haut-Commissariat de la République française. Les Tribus nomades et semi-nomades des Etats du Levant placés sous Mandat français (Beirut: Imprimerie Jeanne d’Arc, 1930).
Direction générale de la France combattante au Levant. Inspection des mouvances bédouines de l’état de Syrie. Les Tribus nomades de l’Etat de Syrie (Beirut: Les Lettres françaises, 1943).
Dodge, Toby. Inventing Iraq: The Failure of Nation Building and a History Denied (London: Hurst, 2003).
Dodge, Toby ‘International Obligation, Domestic Pressure and Colonial Nationalism: The Birth of the Iraqi State under the Mandate System’ in Nadine Méouchy and Peter Sluglett, eds. The British and French Mandates in Comparative Perspectives (Leiden: Brill, 2004).
Dreyfus, Hubert L. and Paul Rabinow. Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics, 2nd ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983).
Drysdale, Alasdair. ‘The Syrian Armed Forces in National Politics: The Role of the Geographic and Ethnic Periphery’ in Roman Kolkowicz and Andrzej Korbonski, eds. Soldiers, Peasants, and Bureaucrats (London, Boston and Sydney: George Allen and Unwin, 1982).
Du Toit, André. ‘Discourses on Political Violence’ in N. Chabani Manganyi and André du Toit, eds. Political Violence and the Struggle in South Africa (London: MacMillan, 1990).
Ertman, Thomas. Birth of the Leviathan: Building States and Regimes in Medieval and Early Modern Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997).
Evans, Peter B., Dietrich Rueschemeyer and Theda Skocpol, eds. Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985).
Fahmy, Khaled. All the Pasha’s Men: Mehmed Ali, His Army and the Making of Modern Egypt (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997).
Fayyāḍ, Farīd ʿAbd al-Karīm, ed. Sulṭān Bāshā al-Aṭrash: Tārīkh wa Waṭan [Sulṭān Bāshā al-Aṭrash: History and Nation] (Damascus: Dār ʿAlā al-Dīn, 2004).
Foucault, Michel. Sécurité, Territoire, Population (Paris: Hautes Etudes/Gallimard/Seuil, 2004).
Foucault, MichelThe History of Sexuality, Volume One: The Will to Knowledge (London: Penguin Books, 1998).
Foucault, MichelIl faut défendre la société (Paris: Hautes Etudes/Gallimard/Seuil, 1997).
Foucault, MichelDiscipline and Punish (London: Penguin Books, 1991).
Foucault, Michel ‘Governmentality’ in Graham Burchell, Colin Gordonand and Peter Miller, eds. The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991).
Foucault, Michel ‘The Subject and Power’ in Hubert L. Dreyfus and Paul Rabinow, eds. Michel Foucault: Beyond Structuralism and Hermeneutics, 2nd ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983).
Foucault, Michel ‘Truth and Power’ in Colin Gordon, ed. Power/Knowledge: Selected Interviews and Other Writings, 1972–1977 (Harlow: Pearson Education Limited, 1980).
Fournié, Pierre. L’Administration française au Levant, 1918–1939 (Ecole nationale des Chartes: Thèse, 1986).
Fournié, Pierre and Jean-Louis Riccioli. La France et le Proche-Orient 1916–1946 (Tournai: Département Beaux-Livres/Voyage des éditions Casterman, 1996).
Fournié, Pierre and Francois-Xavier Trégan. ‘Outils documentaires sur le mandat français’ in Nadine Méouchy and Peter Sluglett, eds. The British and French Mandates in Comparative Perspectives (Leiden: Brill, 2004).
Friès, Franck. Damas (1860–1946): La mise en place de la ville moderne. Des règlements au plan (Université Paris VIII: Doctorat en urbanisme et aménagement, 2000).
Friès, Franck ‘Les plans d’Alep et de Damas, un banc d’essai pour l’urbanisme des frères Danger (1931–1937)’ in Revue d’Études de Monde Musulman et Méditerranéen 73–74 (1994), pp. 311–25.
Frisch, Lt. ‘Palmyre et sa garnison au début de 1936’ in Revue des Troupes du Levant 3 (July 1936), pp. 7–32.
Gaudin, Jean-Pierre. ‘L’urbanisme au Levant et le Mandat français’ in Maurice Culot and Jean-Marie Thiveaud, eds. Architectures françaises outre-mer (Liège: Madarga, 1992).
Gelvin, James L.Divided Loyalties: Nationalism and Mass Politics in Syria at the Close of Empire (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998).
Gelvin, James. ‘Modernity and Its Discontents: On the Durability of Nationalism in the Arab Middle East’ in Nations and Nationalism 5,1 (1999), pp. 71–89.
George, Kenneth M. ‘Violence, Culture, and the Indonesian Public Sphere: Reworking the Geertzian Legacy’ in Neil L. Whitehead, ed. Violence (Santa Fe: School of American Research Press, 2004).
Gerber, Haim. The Social Origins of the Modern Middle East (Boulder: Lynne Rienner, 1987).
Gershovich, Moshe. French Military Rule in Morocco: Colonialism and Its Consequences (London: Frank Cass, 2000).
Ghalyūn, Burhān. Al-ʿArab wa-Taḥawwulāt al-ʿĀlam min Suqūṭ Jidār Birlīn ilā Suqūṭ Baghdād [The Arabs and Global Transformation from the Fall of the Berlin Wall to the Fall of Baghdad] (Casablanca: al-Markaz al-Thāqafī al-ʿArabī, 2005).
Ghāzī, Ibrāhīm. Nash’at al-Shurṭa wa-Tārīkhuhā fī Sūriya [The Origins and History of the Police in Syria] (Damascus: Dār al-‘Ilm al-Ḥadīth, 1999).
Ghorayeb, Marlène. ‘L’urbanisme de la ville de Beyrouth sous le mandat français’ in Revue d’Etudes du Monde Musulman et Méditerranéen 73–74 (1994), pp. 327–39.
Godard, Charles. Alep. Essai de géographie urbaine et d’économie politique et sociale (Aleppo: n.p., 1936).
Gongora, Thierry. ‘War-Making and State Power in the Contemporary Middle East’ in International Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 29 (1997), pp. 323–40.
Gordon, Colin. ‘Governmental Rationality: An Introduction’ in Graham Burchell, Colin Gordon and Peter Miller, eds. The Foucault Effect: Studies in Governmentality (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991).
Goswami, Manu. Producing India: From Colonial Economy to National Space (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004).
Gottdiener, M. ‘A Marx for Our Time: Henri Lefebvre and the Production of Space’ in Sociological Theory 11,1 (1993), pp. 129–34.
Gottman, Jean. ‘Bugeaud, Galliéni, Lyautey: The Development of French Colonial Warfare’ in Edward Mead Earle, ed. Makers of Modern Strategy: Military Thought from Machiavelli to Hitler (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1943).
Gouvernement de Lattaquié. ‘L’urbanisme en Syrie’ in Jean Royer, ed. L’urbanisme aux colonies et dans les pays tropicaux. Communications et rapports du Congrès international de l’urbanisme aux colonies et dans les pays de latitude intertropicale (La Charité-sur-Loire: Delayance, 1932).
Al-Ḥakīm, Daʿd, ed. Safaḥāt min Ḥayāt Nazīh Muʿayyad al-ʿAẓm [Papers from the Life of Nazīh Muʿayyad al-ʿAẓm] (Damascus: Manshūrāt Wizārat al-Thaqāfa, 2006).
Ḥannā, ʿAbdullah. Al-Fallāḥūn wa-Mallāk al-Arḍ fī Sūriyyat al-Qarn al-ʿIshrīn: Dirāsa Tajammuʿbayna al-Tārīkh al-Shafahī wa’l-Tārīkh al-Maktūb [Peasants and Landowners in Twentieth-Century Syria: An Agglomerative Study of Oral and Documentary History] (Beirut: Dār al-Ṭalīʿa, 2003).
Harley, J. B. ‘Maps, Knowledge, and Power’ in Denis E. Cosgrove and Stephen Daniels, eds. The Iconography of Landscape: Essays on the Symbolic Representation, Design and Use of Past Environments (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988).
Harvey, John. With the French Foreign Legion in Syria: Fighting with the Legion of the Damned (London: Greenhill Books, 1995 [1928]).
Herbst, Jeffrey. States and Power in Africa: Comparative Lessons in Authority and Control (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990).
Heydemann, Steven, ed. War, Institutions, and Social Change in the Middle East (Berkeley, Los Angeles and London: California University Press, 2000).
Histoire des Troupes du Levant (Paris: Imprimerie nationale, 1931).
Hindess, Barry. Discourses of Power: From Hobbes to Foucault (Oxford: Blackwell, 1996).
Hoisington Jr., William. Lyautey and the French Conquest of Morocco (Houndmills and London: Macmillan Press, 1995).
Honderich, Ted. Political Violence (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1976).
Howard, Michael. War and the Liberal Conscience (New York: Columbia University Press, 2008).
Hudson, Leila. Transforming Damascus: Space and Modernity in an Islamic City (London and New York: Tauris Academic Studies, 2008).
Jackson, Robert H.Quasi-States: Sovereignty, International Relations, and the Third World (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990).
Kalpagam, U. ‘Colonial Governmentality and the “Economy”’ in Economy and Society 29,3 (2000), pp. 418–38.
Karpat, Kemal. ‘The Transformation of the Ottoman State, 1789–1908’ in International Journal of Middle East Studies 3,3 (1972), pp. 243–81.
Kaviraj, Sudipa. ‘On the Construction of Colonial Power: Structure, Discourse, Hegemony’ in Dagmar Engels and Shula Marks, eds. Contesting Colonial Hegemony: State and Society in Africa and India (London: British Academic Press, 1994).
Al-Kawākibī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān. Ṭabā’iʿ al-Istibdād wa-Maṣāriʿ al-Istiʿbād [The Characteristics of Tyranny] (Beirut: Dār al-Nafā’is, 1984).
Kennedy, David. ‘The Move to Institutions’ in Cardozo Law Review 8,5 (1987), pp. 856–63.
Khoury, Philip. Syria and the French Mandate: The Politics of Arab Nationalism, 1920–1945 (London: I. B. Tauris, 1987).
Khoury, Philip ‘A Reinterpretation of the Origins and Aims of the Great Syrian Revolt, 1925–27’ in George N. Atiyeh and Ibrahim M. Oweiss, eds. Arab Civilization: Challenges and Responses. Studies in Honor of Constantine K. Zurayk (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1988).
Khoury, Philip ‘The Tribal Shaykh, French Tribal Policy, and the Nationalist Movement in Syria between Two World Wars’ in Middle Eastern Studies 18,2 (1982), pp. 180–93.
Kratochwil, Friedrich V. ‘Politics, Norms and Peaceful Change’ in Review of International Studies 24 (1998), pp. 193–218.
La Syrie et le Liban sous l’Occupation et le Mandat français 1919–1927 (Nancy: Berger-Lerrault, n.d. [c.1928]).
Al-Lajna al-Tanfīdhiyya li’l-Mu’tamar al-Sūrī al-Falasṭīnī [The Executive Committee of the Syrian-Palestinian Congress], Al-Qaḍiya al-Sūriyya: Maẓālim al-Faransiyīn wa Faḍā’iʿuhum [The Syrian Question: French Oppression and Atrocities] (Cairo: al-Maṭba’a al-ʿArabiyya bi-Miṣr, February 1926).
Le Livre d’Or des Troupes du Levant 1918–1936 (Beyrouth: Atelier Typographiques des Troupes du Levant, 1937).
Lefebvre, Henri. The Production of Space (Oxford: Blackwell, 1991).
Lefebvre, Henri ‘Space and the State’ in Neil Brenner, Bob Jessop, Martin Jones and Gordon Macleod, eds. State/Space: A Reader (Oxford: Blackwell, 2003).
Levine, Mark. Overthrowing Geography: Jaffa, Tel Aviv and the Struggle for Palestine 1880–1948 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005).
Lewis, Norman. Nomads and Settlers in Syria and Jordan, 1800–1980 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987).
Louis, Wm Roger. ‘The Era of the Mandates System and the Non-European World’ in Hedley Bull and Adam Watson, eds. The Expansion of International Society (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984).
Louis, Wm Roger ‘The United Kingdom and the Beginning of the Mandates System, 1919–1922’ in International Organization 23,1 (1969), pp. 76–93.
Lukes, Steven. Power: A Radical View, 2nd ed. (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan 2005).
Lustick, Ian S. ‘The Absence of Middle Eastern Great Powers: Political “Backwardness” in Historical Perspective’ in International Organization 51,4 (1997), pp. 653–83.
Macfarlane, Leslie. Violence and the State (London: Nelson, 1974).
Malverti, Xavier. ‘Les officiers du Génie et le dessein des villes en Algérie (1830–1870)’ in Revue d’Études Musulman et Méditerranéen 73–74 (1994), pp. 229–44.
Manchon, Jean-Baptiste. ‘L’emploi de l’aviation militaire française comme force de – <police coloniale>, l’exemple de l’aéronautique militaire du Levant (1920–1939)’ in Revue Historique des Armées 4 (2003), pp. 27–40.
Mann, Michael. States, War and Capitalism (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988).
Massad, Joseph A.Colonial Effects: The Making of National Identity in Jordan (New York: Columbia University Press, 2001).
McDougall, James. ‘Savage Wars? Codes of Violence in Algeria, 1830s–1990s’ in Third World Quarterly 26,1 (2005), pp. 117–31.
McNay, Louis. Foucault: A Critical Introduction (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1994).
Méouchy, Nadine. Les Formes de conscience politique et communautaire au Liban et en Syrie à l’époque du Mandat français 1920–1939 (Université de Paris – Sorbonne: Thèse de Doctorat, 1989).
Méouchy, Nadine , ed. France, Syrie et Liban 1918–1946: Les ambiguïtés et les dynamiques de la relation mandataire (Damascus: Institut français d’etudes arabes de Damas, 2002).
Méouchy, Nadine. and Peter Sluglett ed. The British and French Mandates in Comparative Perspectives (Leiden: Brill, 2004).
Joel Migdal. Strong Societies and Weak States: State-Society Relations and Capacity in the Third World (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1988).
Miller, David. ‘The Uses and Abuses of Political Violence’ in Political Studies 32,3 (1984), pp. 401–19.
Miller, David Hunter. ‘The Origin of the Mandates System’ in Foreign Affairs 6,2 (1928), pp. 277–89.
Miller, Joyce Laverty. ‘The Syrian Revolt of 1925’ in International Journal of Middle East Studies 8,4 (1977), pp. 545–63.
Millet, Thierry. ‘Violence et réseau de résistance en Syrie de 1920 à 1925’ in Bulletin d’Etudes Orientales LV (2003), pp. 165–82.
Missonnier, Capitaine. ‘Etudes Tactiques: l’emploi de l’artillerie au Levant’ in Revue des Troupes du Levant 3 (July 1936), pp. 73–89.
Mitchell, Timothy. Rule of Experts: Egypt, Techno-Politics, Modernity (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002).
Mitchell, TimothyColonising Egypt (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991).
Mitchell, Timothy ed. Questions of Modernity (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2000).
Mitchell, Timothy ‘
The Middle East in the Past and Future of Social Science’ in
David L. Szanton, ed.
The Politics of Knowledge: Area Studies and the Disciplines (
University of California Press/University of California International and Area Studies Digital Collection: Vol. 3,
2003) at
http://repositories.cdlib.org/uciaspubs/editedvolumes/3/3.
Mitchell, Timothy ‘The Stage of Modernity,’ in Timothy Mitchell, ed. Questions of Modernity (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2000).
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