Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface to the second edition
- Preface to the first edition
- Introduction
- 1 Interactions of particles and radiation with matter
- 2 Characteristic properties of detectors
- 3 Units of radiation measurements and radiation sources
- 4 Accelerators
- 5 Main physical phenomena used for particle detection and basic counter types
- 6 Historical track detectors
- 7 Track detectors
- 8 Calorimetry
- 9 Particle identification
- 10 Neutrino detectors
- 11 Momentum measurement and muon detection
- 12 Ageing and radiation effects
- 13 Example of a general-purpose detector: Belle
- 14 Electronics
- 15 Data analysis
- 16 Applications of particle detectors outside particle physics
- Résumé
- 17 Glossary
- 18 Solutions
- Appendix 1 Table of fundamental physical constants
- Appendix 2 Definition and conversion of physical units
- Appendix 3 Properties of pure and composite materials
- Appendix 4 Monte Carlo event generators
- Appendix 5 Decay-level schemes
- Index
13 - Example of a general-purpose detector: Belle
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 19 October 2009
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface to the second edition
- Preface to the first edition
- Introduction
- 1 Interactions of particles and radiation with matter
- 2 Characteristic properties of detectors
- 3 Units of radiation measurements and radiation sources
- 4 Accelerators
- 5 Main physical phenomena used for particle detection and basic counter types
- 6 Historical track detectors
- 7 Track detectors
- 8 Calorimetry
- 9 Particle identification
- 10 Neutrino detectors
- 11 Momentum measurement and muon detection
- 12 Ageing and radiation effects
- 13 Example of a general-purpose detector: Belle
- 14 Electronics
- 15 Data analysis
- 16 Applications of particle detectors outside particle physics
- Résumé
- 17 Glossary
- 18 Solutions
- Appendix 1 Table of fundamental physical constants
- Appendix 2 Definition and conversion of physical units
- Appendix 3 Properties of pure and composite materials
- Appendix 4 Monte Carlo event generators
- Appendix 5 Decay-level schemes
- Index
Summary
Our job in physics is to see things simply, to understand a great many complicated phenomena, in terms of a few simple principles.
Steven WeinbergA present-day experiment in high energy physics usually requires a multipurpose experimental setup consisting of at least several (or many) subsystems. This setup (called commonly ‘detector’) contains a multitude of sensitive channels which are necessary to measure the characteristics of particles produced in collisions or decays of the initial particles. A typical set of detector properties includes abilities of tracking, i.e. measurement of vertex coordinates and charged-particle angles, measurements of charged-particle momenta, particle energy determination and particle identification. A very important system is the trigger which detects the occurrence of an event of interest and produces a signal to start the readout of the information from the relevant channels. Since high energy physics experiments are running for months or years, the important task is to monitor and control the parameters of the detector and to keep them as stable as possible. To fulfil this task the detector is usually equipped with a so-called slow control system, which continuously records hundreds of experimental parameters and warns experimentalists if some of them are beyond certain boundaries.
To control the process of accumulating statistics and calculating the cross sections and decay rates, a luminosity measurement system is mandatory (for the term definition, see Chap. 4).
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- Chapter
- Information
- Particle Detectors , pp. 360 - 389Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2008