Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-848d4c4894-p2v8j Total loading time: 0.001 Render date: 2024-06-03T01:25:15.556Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 8 - Nodular and Diffuse Dermatitis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 March 2017

Asok Biswas
Asok Biswas
Affiliation:
University of Edinburgh
Get access
Type
Chapter
Information
Pearls and Pitfalls in Inflammatory Dermatopathology , pp. 178 - 217
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2016

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abdalla, C.M.Z., de Oliveira, Z.N.P., Sotto, M.N., et al. (2009). Polymerase chain reaction compared to other laboratory findings and to clinical evaluation in the diagnosis of cutaneous tuberculosis and atypical mycobacteria skin infection. Int J Dermatol, 48, 27–35.Google Scholar
Aberer, W., Konrad, K., Wolff, K. (1988). Wells’ syndrome is a distinctive disease entity and not a histologic diagnosis. J Am Acad Dermatol, 18, 105–114.Google Scholar
Ahmed, I., Harshad, S.R. (2006). Subcutaneous sarcoidosis: is it a specific subset of cutaneous sarcoidosis frequently associated with systemic disease? J Am Acad Dermatol, 54, 55–60.Google Scholar
Ahronowitz, I., Harp, J., Shinkai, K. (2012). Etiology and management of pyoderma gangrenosum: a comprehensive review. Am J Clin Dermatol, 13, 191–211.Google Scholar
Alegre, V.A., Winkelmann, R.K. (1987). A new histopathologic feature of necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum: lymphoid nodules. J Cutan Pathol, 15, 75–77.Google Scholar
Al-Hoqail, I.A., Al-Ghamdi, A.M., Martinka, M., et al. (2002). Actinic granuloma is a unique and distinct entity: a comparative study with granuloma annulare. Am J Dermatopathol, 24, 209–212.Google Scholar
Al-Mutairi, N. (2011). Nosology and therapeutic options for lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei. J Dermatol, 38, 864–73.Google Scholar
Ball, N.J., Kho, G.T., Martinka, M. (2004). The histologic spectrum of cutaneous sarcoidosis: a study of twenty-eight cases. J Cutan Pathol, 31, 160–168.Google Scholar
Bartralot, R., Pujol, R.M., García-Patos, V., et al. (2000). Cutaneous infections due to non-tuberculous mycobacteria: histopathologic review of 28 cases. Comparative study between lesions observed in immunosuppressed patients and normal hosts. J Cutan Pathol, 27, 124–129.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bartralot, R., García-Patos, V., Sitjas, D., et al. (2005). Clinical patterns of cutaneous nontuberculous mycobacterial infections. Br J Dermatol, 152, 727–734.Google Scholar
Bergman, R. (2010). Pseudolymphoma and cutaneous lymphoma: facts and controversies. Clin Dermatol, 28, 568–574.Google Scholar
Böer, A., Tirumalae, R., Bresch, M. (2008). Pseudoclonality in cutaneous pseudolymphomas: a pitfall in interpretation of rearrangement studies. Br J Dermatol, 159, 394–402.Google Scholar
Braswell, S.F., Kostopoulos, T.C., Ortega-Loayza, A.G. (2015). Pathophysiology of pyoderma gangrenosum (PG): an updated review. J Am Acad Dermatol, 73, 691–698.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cerroni, L., Kerl, H. (1999). Diagnostic immunohistology: cutaneous lymphomas and pseudolymphomas. Semin Cutan Med Surg, 18, 64–70.Google Scholar
Cerroni, L., Borroni, R.G., Massone, C., et al. (2007). Cutaneous B-cell pseudolymphoma at the site of vaccination. Am J Dermatopathol, 29, 538–542.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chan, M.P., Duncan, L.M., Nazarian, R.M. (2013). Subcutaneous Sweet syndrome in the setting of myeloid disorders: a case series and review of the literature. J Am Acad Dermatol, 68, 1006–1015.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chavan, R.N., Cappel, M.A., Ketterling, R.P., et al. (2014). Histiocytoid Sweet syndrome may indicate leukemia cutis: a novel application of fluorescence in situ hybridization. J Am Acad Dermatol, 70, 1021–1027.Google Scholar
Chong, H., Brady, K., Metze, D., et al. (2006). Persistent nodules at injection sites (aluminium granuloma) – clinicopathological study of 14 cases with a diverse range of histological reaction patterns. Histopathology, 48, 182–188.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Chusid, M.J., Dale, D.C., West, B.C. et al. (1975). The hypereosinophilic syndrome: analysis of fourteen cases with review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore), 54, 1–27.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cohen, P.R. (2007). Sweet’s syndrome–a comprehensive review of an acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis. Orphanet J Rare Dis, 2, 34.Google Scholar
Cohen, P.R. (2009). Neutrophilic dermatoses: a review of current treatment options. Am J Clin Dermatol, 10, 301–312.Google Scholar
Cohen, P.R., Carlos, C.A. (2015). Granuloma annulare mimicking sarcoidosis: report of patient with localized granuloma annulare whose skin lesions show 3 clinical morphologies and 2 histology patterns. Am J Dermatopathol, 37, 547–550.Google Scholar
Colli, C., Leinweber, B., Müllegger, R., et al. (2004). Borrelia burgdorferi-associated lymphocytoma cutis: clinicopathologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular study of 106 cases. J Cutan Pathol, 31, 232–240.Google Scholar
Crowson, A.N., Nuovo, G.J., Mihm, M.C. Jr, et al. (2003a). Cutaneous manifestations of Crohn’s disease, its spectrum, and its pathogenesis: intracellular consensus bacterial 16S r RNA is associated with the gastrointestinal but not the cutaneous manifestations of Crohn’s disease. Hum Pathol, 34, 1185–1192.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crowson, A.N., Mihm, M.C. Jr, Magro, C. (2003b). Pyoderma gangrenosum: a review. J Cutan Pathol, 30, 97–107.Google Scholar
DeFilippis, E.M., Magro, C., Jorizzo, J.L. (2014). Bowel-associated dermatosis - arthritis syndrome in a patient with ulcerative colitis: an extraintestinal manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease. Clin J Gastroenterol, 7, 410–413.Google Scholar
Dias, M.F.R.G., Bernardes Filho, F., Quaresma, M.V., et al. (2014). Update on cutaneous tuberculosis. Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia, 89, 925–938.Google Scholar
Dos Santos, J.B., Figueiredo, A.R., Ferraz, C.E., et al. (2014). Cutaneous tuberculosis: epidemiologic, etiopathogenic and clinical aspects – part I. An Bras Dermatol, 89, 219–229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
El-Khalawany, M., Al-Mutairi, N., Sultan, M. et al.(2013). Eosinophilic annular erythema is a peculiar subtype in the spectrum of Wells syndrome: a multicentre long-term follow-up study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol, 27, 973–979.Google Scholar
Fernandez-Faith, E., McDonnell, J. (2007). Cutaneous sarcoidosis: differential diagnosis. Clin Dermatol, 25, 276–287.Google Scholar
Ferrara, G., Crisman, G., Zalaudek, I., et al. (2010). Free-floating collagen fibers in interstitial mycosis fungoides. Am J Dermatopathol, 32, 352–356.Google Scholar
Gibson, L.E., Reizner, G.T., Winkelmann, R.K. (1988). Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum with cholesterol clefts in the differential diagnosis of necrobiotic xanthogranuloma. J Cutan Pathol, 15, 18–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Griffith, D.E., Aksamit, T., Brown-Elliott, B.A. et al. (2007). An official ATS/IDSA statement: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of nontuberculous mycobacterial diseases. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 175, 367–416.Google Scholar
Günaştı, S., Aksungur, V.L. (2014). Granulomatous disorders. Clin Dermatol, 32, 47–65.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gupta, S.K., Nigam, S., Mandal, A.K., et al. (2006). S-100 as a useful auxiliary diagnostic aid in tuberculoid leprosy. J Cutan Pathol, 33, 482–486.Google Scholar
Haimovic, A., Sanchez, M., Judson, M.A., et al. (2012) Sarcoidosis: a comprehensive review and update for the dermatologist. J Am Acad Dermatol, 66, 699.e1–18.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Howes, R., Girgis, L., Kossard, S. (2008). Eosinophilic annular erythema: a subset of Wells’ syndrome or a distinct entity? Australas J Dermatol, 49, 159–163.Google Scholar
Hurwitz, R.M., Haseman, J.H. (1993). The evolution of pyoderma gangrenosum. A clinicopathologic correlation. Am J Dermatopathol, 15, 28–33.Google Scholar
James, D.G. (2000). A clinicopathological classification of granulomatous disorders. Postgrad Med J, 76, 457–465.Google Scholar
Jordaan, H.F. (1989). Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis: a histopathologic study of 37 patients and a review of the literature. Am J Dermatopathol, 11, 99–111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kaddu, S., Zenahlik, P., Beham-Schmid, C., et al. (1999). Specific cutaneous infiltrates in patients with myelogenous leukemia: a clinicopathologic study of 26 patients with assessment of diagnostic criteria. J Am Acad Dermatol, 40, 966–978.Google Scholar
Kelley, B.P., George, D.E., LeLeux, T.M., et al. (2010). Ichthyosiform sarcoidosis: a case report and review of the literature. Dermatol Online J, 16, 5.Google Scholar
Kempf, W., Dummer, R., Burg, G. (1999). Approach to lymphoproliferative infiltrates of the skin. The difficult lesions. Am J Clin Pathol, 111, S84–S93.Google Scholar
Krahl, D., Sellheyer, K. (2009). A scanning microscopic clue to the diagnosis of arthropod assault reaction: alteration of interstitial tissue is more common than a wedge-shaped inflammatory infiltrate. J Cutan Pathol, 36, 308–313.Google Scholar
Kriegsmann, M., Scott-Lang, V., Alex Holme, S., et al. (2012). Suppurative and granulomatous dermatitis with pseudocysts: a useful tissue reaction pattern. Diag Histopathol, 18, 185–188.Google Scholar
Kroshinsky, D., Alloo, A., Rothschild, B., et al. (2012). Necrotizing Sweet syndrome: a new variant of neutrophilic dermatosis mimicking necrotizing fasciitis. J Am Acad Dermatol, 67, 945–954.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leinweber, B., Colli, C., Chott, A., et al. (2004). Differential diagnosis of cutaneous infiltrates of B lymphocytes with follicular growth pattern. Am J Dermatopathol, 26, 4–13.Google Scholar
Long, H., Zhang, G., Wang, L., Lu, Q. (2016). Eosinophilic skin diseases: comprehensive review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol, 50, 189–213.Google Scholar
Magro, C.M., Crowson, A.N. (2003). The spectrum of cutaneous lesions in rheumatoid arthritis: a clinical and pathological study of 43 patients. J Cutan Pathol, 30, 1–10.Google Scholar
Magro, C.M., Crowson, A.N., Regauer, S. (1996). Granuloma annulare and necrobiosis lipoidica tissue reactions as a manifestation of systemic disease. Hum Pathol, 27, 50–56.Google Scholar
Magro, C.M., Crowson, A.N., Schapiro, B.L. (1998). The interstitial granulomatous drug reaction: a distinctive clinical and pathological entity. J Cutan Pathol, 25, 72–78.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mangas, C., Fernández-Figueras, M-T., Fernández-Chico, N. et al. (2006) Clinical spectrum and histological analysis of 32 cases of specific cutaneous sarcoidosis. J Cutan Pathol, 33, 772–777.Google Scholar
Mitchell, A.J., Anderson, T.F., Headington, J.T., et al. (1984). Recurrent granulomatous dermatitis with eosinophilia. Int J Dermatol, 3, 198–202.Google Scholar
Miteva, M., Elsner, P., Ziemer, M. (2009). A histopathologic study of arthropod bite reactions in 20 patients highlights relevant adnexal involvement. J Cutan Pathol, 36, 26–33.Google Scholar
Moossavi, M., Mehregan, D.R. (2003). Wells’ syndrome: a clinical and histopathologic review of seven cases. Int J Dermatol, 42, 62–67.Google Scholar
Moreno, C., Kutzner, H., Palmedo, G. et al. (2003). Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis with histiocytic pseudorosettes: a new histopathologic pattern in cutaneous borreliosis. Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA sequences by a highly sensitive PCR-ELISA. J Am Acad Dermatol, 48, 376–384.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Muller, S.A., Winkelmann, R.K. (1966). Necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum. Arch Dermatol, 93, 272–281.Google Scholar
Mutasim, D.F., Bridges, A.G. (2000). Patch granuloma annulare: clinicopathologic study of 6 patients. J Am Acad Dermatol, 42, 417–421.Google Scholar
Penas, P.F., Jones-Caballero, M., Fraga, J., et al. (1997). Perforating granuloma annulare. Int J Dermatol, 36, 340–348.Google Scholar
Perez-Chua, T.A., Kisel, Y.G., Chang, K.H., et al. (2014). Morphea and its variants and the “floating sign” – an additional finding in morphea. Am J Dermatopathol, 36, 500–505.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Peroni, A., Colato, C., Schena, D., et al. (2012). Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis: a distinct entity with characteristic histological and clinical pattern. Br J Dermatol, 166, 775–783.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Perrin, C., Lacour, J.P., Castanet, J., et al. (2001). Interstitial granulomatous drug reaction with a histological pattern of interstitial granulomatous dermatitis. Am J Dermatopathol, 23, 295–298.Google Scholar
Ploysangam, T., Breneman, D.L., Mutasim, D.F. (1998). Cutaneous pseudolymphomas. J Am Acad Dermatol, 38, 877–895.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Reid, S.D., Ladizinski, B., Lee, K., Baibergenova, A., Alavi, A. (2013). Update on necrobiosis lipoidica: a review of etiology, diagnosis and treatment options. J Am Acad Dermatol, 69, 783–791.Google Scholar
Requena, L., Kutzner, H., Palmedo, G., et al. (2005). Histiocytoid Sweet syndrome. A dermal infiltration of immature neutrophilic granulocytes. Arch Dermatol, 141, 834–842.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Resnik, K.S. (2004). The findings do not conform precisely: fibrosing sarcoidal expressions of panniculitis as example. Am J Dermatopathol, 26, 156–161.Google Scholar
Rijlaarsdam, J.U., Willemze, R. (1994). Cutaneous pseudolymphomas: classification and differential diagnosis. Semin Dermatol, 13, 187–196.Google Scholar
Romero, L., Kantor, G. (1998). Eosinophils are not a clue to the pathogenesis of granuloma annulare. Am J Dermatopathol, 20, 29–34.Google Scholar
S Breza, T. Jr., Magro, C.M. (2006). Lichenoid and granulomatous dermatitis associated with atypical mycobacterium infections. J Cutan Pathol, 33, 512–515.Google Scholar
Schulman, J.M., LeBoit, P.E. (2015). Adipophilin expression in necrobiosis lipoidica, granuloma annulare, and sarcoidosis. Am J Dermatopathol, 37, 203–209.Google Scholar
Sezer, E., Luzar, B., Calonje, E. (2011). Secondary syphilis with an interstitial granuloma annulare-like histopathologic pattern. J Cutan Pathol, 38, 439–442.Google Scholar
Smith, M.D., Downie, J.B., DiCostanzo, D. (1997). Granuloma annulare. Int J Dermatol, 36, 326–333.Google Scholar
Stockman, D.L., Rosenberg, J., Bengana, C, et al. (2013). Verrucous cutaneous sarcoidosis: case report and review of this unusual variant of cutaneous sarcoidosis. Am J Dermatopathol, 35, 273–276.Google Scholar
Su, W.P., Schroeter, A.L., Perry, H.O., et al. (1986). Histopathologic and immunopathologic study of pyoderma gangrenosum. J Cutan Pathol, 13, 323–330.Google Scholar
Su, W.P., Davis, M.D., Weenig, R.H., et al. (2004). Pyoderma gangrenosum: clinicopathologic correlation and proposed diagnostic criteria. Int J Dermatol, 43, 790–800.Google Scholar
Thum, C.K., Biswas, A. (2015). Inflammatory complications related to tattooing: a histopathologic approach based on pattern analysis. Am J Dermatopathol, 37, 54–66.Google Scholar
Thurber, S.E., Zhang, B., Kim, Y.H., et al. (2007). T-cell clonality analysis in biopsy specimens from two different skin sites shows high specificity in the diagnosis of patients with suggested mycosis fungoides. J Am Acad Dermatol, 57, 82–90.Google Scholar
Trotter, M., Crawford, R., O’Connell, J., et al. (1996). Mitotic granuloma annulare: a clinicopathologic study of 20 cases. J Cutan Pathol, 23, 537–545.Google Scholar
Vignon-Pennamen, M-D., Juillard, C., Rybojad, M. et al. (2006). Chronic recurrent lymphocytic Sweet’s syndrome as a predictive marker of myelodysplasia: a report of 9 cases. Arch Dermatol, 142, 1170–1176.Google Scholar
Wallach, D., Vignon-Pennamen, M.D. (2006). From acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis to neutrophilic disease: forty years of clinical research. J Am Acad Dermatol, 55, 1066–1071.Google Scholar
Wilson-Jones, E., Winkelmann, R.K. (1988). Superficial granulomatous pyoderma: a localized vegetative form of pyoderma gangrenosum. J Am Acad Dermatol, 18, 511–521.Google Scholar
Yen, P-S., Wang, K-H., Chen, W-Y., Ho, W-T. (2011). The many faces of necrobiosis lipoidica: a report of three cases with histologic variations. Dermatologica Sinica, 29, 67–71.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×