Glover, GH. Overview of functional magnetic resonance imaging. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2011;22(2):133–9, vii.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Ibinson, JW, Vogt, KM. Pain does not follow the boxcar model: temporal dynamics of the BOLD fMRI signal during constant current painful electric nerve stimulation. J Pain. 2013;14(12):1611–19.Google Scholar

Biswal, B, Yetkin, FZ, Haughton, VM, Hyde, JS. Functional connectivity in the motor cortex of resting human brain using echo-planar MRI. Magn Reson Med. 1995;34(4):537–41.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

van den Heuvel, MP, Hulshoff Pol, HE. Exploring the brain network: a review on resting-state fMRI functional connectivity. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2010;20(8):519–34.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Drysdale, AT, Grosenick, L, Downar, J, Dunlop, K, Mansouri, F, Meng, Y, et al. Resting-state connectivity biomarkers define neurophysiological subtypes of depression. Nat Med. 2017;23(1):28–38.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Sheline, YI, Raichle, ME. Resting state functional connectivity in preclinical Alzheimer’s disease. Biol Psychiatry. 2013;74(5):340–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Klunk, WE, Engler, H, Nordberg, A, Wang, Y, Blomqvist, G, Holt, DP, et al. Imaging brain amyloid in Alzheimer’s disease with Pittsburgh Compound-B. Ann Neurol. 2004;55(3):306–19.Google Scholar

Ishii, K. PET approaches for diagnosis of dementia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2014;35(11):2030–8.Google Scholar

Zimmer, ER, Leuzy, A, Benedet, AL, Breitner, J, Gauthier, S, Rosa-Neto, P. Tracking neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease: the role of positron emission tomography imaging. J Neuroinflammation. 2014;11:120.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Chen, CW, Lin, CC, Chen, KB, Kuo, YC, Li, CY, Chung, CJ. Increased risk of dementia in people with previous exposure to general anesthesia: a nationwide population-based case-control study. Alzheimers Dement. 2014;10(2):196–204.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Chen, PL, Yang, CW, Tseng, YK, Sun, WZ, Wang, JL, Wang, SJ, et al. Risk of dementia after anaesthesia and surgery. Br J Psychiatry. 2014;204(3):188–93.Google Scholar

Berger, M, Burke, J, Eckenhoff, R, Mathew, J. Alzheimer’s disease, anesthesia, and surgery: a clinically focused review. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2014;28(6):1609–23.Google Scholar

Evered, L, Silbert, B, Scott, DA, Ames, D, Maruff, P, Blennow, K. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarker for Alzheimer disease predicts postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Anesthesiology. 2016;124(2):353–61.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Coimbra, A, Williams, DS, Hostetler, ED. The role of MRI and PET/SPECT in Alzheimer’s disease. Curr Top Med Chem. 2006;6(6):629–47.Google Scholar

Mosconi, L, Berti, V, Glodzik, L, Pupi, A, De Santi, S, de Leon, MJ. Pre-clinical detection of Alzheimer’s disease using FDG-PET, with or without amyloid imaging. J Alzheimers Dis. 2010;20(3):843–54.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Rabinovici, GD, Jagust, WJ. Amyloid imaging in aging and dementia: testing the amyloid hypothesis in vivo. Behav Neurol. 2009;21(1):117–28.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Small, GW, Bookheimer, SY, Thompson, PM, Cole, GM, Huang, SC, Kepe, V, et al. Current and future uses of neuroimaging for cognitively impaired patients. Lancet Neurol. 2008;7(2):161–72.Google Scholar

Rowe, CC, Ellis, KA, Rimajova, M, Bourgeat, P, Pike, KE, Jones, G, et al. Amyloid imaging results from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers and Lifestyle (AIBL) study of aging. Neurobiol Aging. 2010;31(8):1275–83.Google Scholar

Hamelin, L, Lagarde, J, Dorothee, G, Leroy, C, Labit, M, Comley, RA, et al. Early and protective microglial activation in Alzheimer’s disease: a prospective study using 18F-DPA-714 PET imaging. Brain. 2016;139(Pt 4):1252–64.Google Scholar

Saidlitz, P, Voisin, T, Vellas, B, Payoux, P, Gabelle, A, Formaglio, M, et al. Amyloid imaging in Alzheimer’s disease: a literature review. J Nutr Health Aging. 2014;18(7):723–40.Google Scholar

Wang, L, Benzinger, TL, Su, Y, Christensen, J, Friedrichsen, K, Aldea, P, et al. Evaluation of tau imaging in staging Alzheimer disease and revealing interactions between beta-amyloid and tauopathy. JAMA Neurol. 2016;73(9):1070–7.Google Scholar

Hoenig, MC, Bischof, GN, Seemiller, J, Hammes, J, Kukolja, J, Onur, OA, et al. Networks of tau distribution in Alzheimer’s disease. Brain. 2018;141(2):568–81.Google Scholar

Kang, JM, Lee, SY, Seo, S, Jeong, HJ, Woo, SH, Lee, H, et al. Tau positron emission tomography using [(18)F]THK5351 and cerebral glucose hypometabolism in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurobiol Aging. 2017;59:210–19.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Adlard, PA, Tran, BA, Finkelstein, DI, Desmond, PM, Johnston, LA, Bush, AI, et al. A review of beta-amyloid neuroimaging in Alzheimer’s disease. Front Neurosci. 2014;8:327.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Glodzik-Sobanska, L, Rusinek, H, Mosconi, L, Li, Y, Zhan, J, de Santi, S, et al. The role of quantitative structural imaging in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Neuroimag Clin N Am. 2005;15(4):803–26, x.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Ramani, A, Jensen, JH, Helpern, JA. Quantitative MR imaging in Alzheimer disease. Radiology. 2006;241(1):26–44.Google Scholar

Vemuri, P, Jack, CR Jr. Role of structural MRI in Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2010;2(4):23.Google Scholar

Frisoni, GB, Fox, NC, Jack, CR Jr, Scheltens, P, Thompson, PM. The clinical use of structural MRI in Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurol. 2010;6(2):67–77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Lehericy, S, Delmaire, C, Galanaud, D, Dormont, D. Neuroimaging in dementia. Presse Med. 2007;36(10 Pt 2):1453–63.Google Scholar

Huijbers, W, Mormino, EC, Schultz, AP, Wigman, S, Ward, AM, Larvie, M, et al. Amyloid-β deposition in mild cognitive impairment is associated with increased hippocampal activity, atrophy and clinical progression. Brain. 2015;138(4):1023–35.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Allen, G, Barnard, H, McColl, R, Hester, AL, Fields, JA, Weiner, MF, et al. Reduced hippocampal functional connectivity in Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol. 2007;64(10):1482–7.Google Scholar

Sheline, YI, Raichle, ME, Snyder, AZ, Morris, JC, Head, D, Wang, S, et al. Amyloid plaques disrupt resting state default mode network connectivity in cognitively normal elderly. Biol Psychiatry. 2010;67(6):584–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Onoda, K, Yada, N, Ozasa, K, Hara, S, Yamamoto, Y, Kitagaki, H, et al. Can a resting-state functional connectivity index identify patients with Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment across multiple sites? Brain Connect. 2017;Jun 30.Google Scholar

Eikelenboom, P, van Gool, WA. Neuroinflammatory perspectives on the two faces of Alzheimer’s disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna). 2004;111(3):281–94.Google Scholar

Griffin, WS, Stanley, LC, Ling, C, White, L, MacLeod, V, Perrot, LJ, et al. Brain interleukin 1 and S-100 immunoreactivity are elevated in Down syndrome and Alzheimer disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1989;86(19):7611–15.Google Scholar

Alam, MM, Lee, J, Lee, SY. Recent progress in the development of TSPO PET ligands for neuroinflammation imaging in neurological diseases. Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2017;51(4):283–96.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Gerhard, A, Pavese, N, Hotton, G, Turkheimer, F, Es, M, Hammers, A, et al. In vivo imaging of microglial activation with [11C](R)-PK11195 PET in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Neurobiol Dis. 2006;21(2):404–12.Google Scholar

Jucaite, A, Svenningsson, P, Rinne, JO, Cselenyi, Z, Varnas, K, Johnstrom, P, et al. Effect of the myeloperoxidase inhibitor AZD3241 on microglia: a PET study in Parkinson’s disease. Brain. 2015;138(Pt 9):2687–700.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Iaccarino, L, Sala, A, Caminiti, SP, Perani, D. The emerging role of PET imaging in dementia. F1000Res. 2017;6:1830.Google Scholar

Zhang, X, Paule, MG, Newport, GD, Liu, F, Callicott, R, Liu, S, et al. MicroPET/CT imaging of [18F]-FEPPA in the nonhuman primate: a potential biomarker of pathogenic processes associated with anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity. ISRN Anesthesiol. 2012;2012:11.Google Scholar

Forsberg, A, Cervenka, S, Jonsson Fagerlund, M, Rasmussen, LS, Zetterberg, H, Erlandsson Harris, H, et al. The immune response of the human brain to abdominal surgery. Ann Neurol. 2017;81(4):572–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Vik, A, Brubakk, AO, Rinck, PA, Sande, E, Levang, OW, Sellevold, O. MRI: a method to detect minor brain damage following coronary bypass surgery? Neuroradiology. 1991;33(5):396–8.Google Scholar

Sun, X, Lindsay, J, Monsein, LH, Hill, PC, Corso, PJ. Silent brain injury after cardiac surgery: a review: cognitive dysfunction and magnetic resonance imaging diffusion-weighted imaging findings. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012;60(9):791–7.Google Scholar

Gerriets, T, Schwarz, N, Bachmann, G, Kaps, M, Kloevekorn, WP, Sammer, G, et al. Evaluation of methods to predict early long-term neurobehavioral outcome after coronary artery bypass grafting. Am J Cardiol. 2010;105(8):1095–101.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Knipp, SC, Matatko, N, Schlamann, M, Wilhelm, H, Thielmann, M, Forsting, M, et al. Small ischemic brain lesions after cardiac valve replacement detected by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging: relation to neurocognitive function. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2005;28(1):88–96.Google Scholar

Knipp, SC, Matatko, N, Wilhelm, H, Schlamann, M, Thielmann, M, Losch, C, et al. Cognitive outcomes three years after coronary artery bypass surgery: relation to diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Thorac Surg. 2008;85(3):872–9.Google Scholar

Cook, DJ, Huston, J 3rd, Trenerry, MR, Brown, RD Jr, Zehr, KJ, Sundt, TM 3rd. Postcardiac surgical cognitive impairment in the aged using diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Thorac Surg. 2007;83(4):1389–95.Google Scholar

Kahlert, P, Knipp, SC, Schlamann, M, Thielmann, M, Al-Rashid, F, Weber, M, et al. Silent and apparent cerebral ischemia after percutaneous transfemoral aortic valve implantation: a diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging study. Circulation. 2010;121(7):870–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Scott, DA, Evered, LA, Gerraty, RP, MacIsaac, A, Lai-Kwon, J, Silbert, BS. Cognitive dysfunction follows left heart catheterisation but is not related to microembolic count. Int J Cardiol. 2014;175(1):67–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kruis, RW, Vlasveld, FA, Van Dijk, D. The (un)importance of cerebral microemboli. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 2010;14(2):111–18.Google Scholar

Xie, P, Yu, T, Fu, X, Tu, Y, Zou, Y, Lui, S, et al. Altered functional connectivity in an aged rat model of postoperative cognitive dysfunction: a study using resting-state functional MRI. PLoS One. 2013;8(5):e64820.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Browndyke, JN, Berger, M, Harshbarger, TB, Smith, PJ, White, W, Bisanar, TL, et al. Resting-state functional connectivity and cognition after major cardiac surgery in older adults without preoperative cognitive impairment: preliminary findings. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2017;65(1):e6–e12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Browndyke, JN, Berger, M, Smith, PJ, Harshbarger, TB, Monge, ZA, Panchal, V, et al. Task-related changes in degree centrality and local coherence of the posterior cingulate cortex after major cardiac surgery in older adults. Hum Brain Mapp. 2017;39:985–1003.Google Scholar

Huang, H, Tanner, J, Parvataneni, H, Rice, M, Horgas, A, Ding, M, et al. Impact of total knee arthroplasty with general anesthesia on brain networks: cognitive efficiency and ventricular volume predict functional connectivity decline in older adults. J Alzheimers Dis. 2018;62:319–33.Google Scholar