Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface to the first edition
- Part 1 Introduction
- Part II The prokaryotic algae
- Part III Evolution of the chloroplast
- Part IV Evolution of one membrane of chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum
- Part V Evolution of two membranes of chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum and the Chlorarachniophyta
- 9 Cryptophyta
- 10 Heterokontophyta, Chrysophyceae
- 11 Heterokontophyta, Synurophyceae
- 12 Heterokontophyta, Eustigmatophyceae
- 13 Heterokontophyta, Pinguiophyceae
- 14 Heterokontophyta, Dictyochophyceae
- 15 Heterokontophyta, Pelagophyceae
- 16 Heterokontophyta, Bolidophyceae
- 17 Heterokontophyta, Bacillariophyceae
- 18 Heterokontophyta, Raphidophyceae
- 19 Heterokontophyta, Xanthophyceae
- 20 Heterokontophyta, Phaeothamniophyceae
- 21 Heterokontophyta, Phaeophyceae
- 22 Prymnesiophyta
- 23 Algae and the environment
- Glossary
- Index
21 - Heterokontophyta, Phaeophyceae
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Preface to the first edition
- Part 1 Introduction
- Part II The prokaryotic algae
- Part III Evolution of the chloroplast
- Part IV Evolution of one membrane of chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum
- Part V Evolution of two membranes of chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum and the Chlorarachniophyta
- 9 Cryptophyta
- 10 Heterokontophyta, Chrysophyceae
- 11 Heterokontophyta, Synurophyceae
- 12 Heterokontophyta, Eustigmatophyceae
- 13 Heterokontophyta, Pinguiophyceae
- 14 Heterokontophyta, Dictyochophyceae
- 15 Heterokontophyta, Pelagophyceae
- 16 Heterokontophyta, Bolidophyceae
- 17 Heterokontophyta, Bacillariophyceae
- 18 Heterokontophyta, Raphidophyceae
- 19 Heterokontophyta, Xanthophyceae
- 20 Heterokontophyta, Phaeothamniophyceae
- 21 Heterokontophyta, Phaeophyceae
- 22 Prymnesiophyta
- 23 Algae and the environment
- Glossary
- Index
Summary
PHAEOPHYCEAE
The Phaeophyceae, or brown algae, derive their characteristic color from the large amounts of the carotenoid fucoxanthin in their chloroplasts as well as from any phaeophycean tannins that might be present. The chloroplasts also have chlorophylls a, c1, and c2. There are two membranes of chloroplast E.R., which are usually continuous with the outer membrane of the nuclear envelope. The storage product is laminarin. There are no unicellular or colonial organisms in the order, and the algae are basically filamentous, pseudoparenchymatous, or parenchymatous. They are found almost exclusively in the marine habitat, there being only four genera containing freshwater species, that is, Heribaudiella, Pleurocladia, Bodanella, and Sphacelaria (Fig. 21.1) (Schloesser and Blum, 1980). A number of marine forms penetrate into brackish water, where they often form an important part of the salt marsh flora. These brackish water plants have almost totally lost the ability to reproduce sexually, and propagate by vegetative means only. Most of the Phaeophyceae grow in the intertidal belt and the upper littoral region. They dominate these regions in colder waters, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere, where the number of phaeophycean species is less than that of the Rhodophyceae, but the number of phaeophycean plants is much greater. In the tropics, the only place where large numbers of Phaeophyceae are found is the Sargasso Sea of the Atlantic.
The Phaeophyceae probably evolved from an organism in the Phaeothamniophyceae, which have motile cells similar to those in the Phaeophyceae, but lack the characteristic unilocular and plurilocular sporangia of the Phaeophyceae (Bailey et al., 1998).
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- Phycology , pp. 426 - 483Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2008
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