The area in which the domestication of plants – the Neolithic crop package with which we are concerned – and animals took place is known as the Fertile Crescent (Figure 2.1, and see Chapter 4), the Levant or the Near East. These terms differ in source and meaning according to the scientific or geographic context in which they were first introduced. For our purposes, however, we will not delve any further into this issue and will alternate between the terms based on which is most prevalent in the academic literature of each topic. The map of the area in Figure 2.1 details archaeological sites of the period located in the northern Levant (northern Syria and south-eastern Turkey) that are relevant for our understanding of plant domestication. For additional context, we also note sites from the central and southern Levant, an area that includes Israel, Jordan and the Palestinian Authority and small portions of Lebanon and southern Syria. We briefly discuss a selection of these and other sites in the boxes that accompany the chapter in order to provide some background information on the societies that were involved in plant domestication, their settlements and the general landscape of their daily lives.