Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
  • Cited by 68
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
June 2012
Print publication year:
2011
Online ISBN:
9780511809200

Book description

To survive, all forms of government require popular support, whether voluntary or involuntary. Following the collapse of the Soviet system, Russia's rulers took steps toward democracy, yet under Vladimir Putin Russia has become increasingly undemocratic. This book uses a unique source of evidence, eighteen surveys of Russian public opinion from the first month of the new regime in 1992 up to 2009, to track the changing views of Russians. Clearly presented and sophisticated figures and tables show how political support has increased because of a sense of resignation that is even stronger than the unstable benefits of exporting oil and gas. Whilst comparative analyses of surveys on other continents show that Russia's elite is not alone in being able to mobilize popular support for an undemocratic regime, Russia provides an outstanding caution that popular support can grow when governors reject democracy and create an undemocratic regime.

Reviews

'Popular Support for an Undemocratic Regime is a sophisticated examination of a fundamental question facing analysts of Russian politics, and indeed of other semi-authoritarian systems: what happens when the rulers supply the regime that the people are asked to support? This book is essential reading for all those in comparative politics concerned with the persistence of undemocratic regimes.'

Richard Sakwa - University of Kent

‘Nowhere is widespread citizen support for democracy more critical than in Russia. Using the unique New Russia Barometer, this path-breaking book charts popular support for democracy in Russia from the collapse of communism to the present day. Rose, Mishler and Munro tell us much about Russian political attitudes in the past - and about their trajectories in the future.’

Ian McAllister - Australian National University

'For 18 years, Richard Rose and colleagues have surveyed Russian citizens on their political attitudes. In this masterful overview, they probe the data to explain why support for the existing system of government has grown. They show that, contrary to some accounts, Russians want democracy, recognize the defects of their current regime, yet have been reconciled to it by the dramatic economic gains of recent years along with the passage of time. Lucidly written and erudite, the book will provoke and inform future debates about public opinion in the postcommunist world.’

Daniel Treisman - University of California, Los Angeles, and author of The Return: Russia's Journey from Gorbachev to Medvedev

'The surveys cited in this tantalizing book note a gap between support for Putin personally and for the regime …'

Edwin Bacon Source: International Affairs

'The book is strongest and most informative with respect to the indexes constructed on regime support … includes some general background of recent Russian political history … such discussion makes the book more appealing to a wider range of readers. The work will be useful to the debate on the evolution of democracy and the current political situation in Russia.'

Source: Europe-Asia Studies

'This fascinating study seeks to answer two key questions: why do undemocratic regimes persist and why did support for Putin's regime increase while Russia itself became less democratic? … That the Russian system today may be 'more typical of how the world's peoples are governed than are Anglo-American democracies gives this study a wider scholarly significance than one that simply focuses on a single country, important as that country may be.'

David White Source: Political Studies Review

'The authors provide a highly readable, sweeping panorama of the dynamics of Russian politics in the Yeltsin and Putin era.

Source: Acta Politica

Refine List

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
×

Contents

References
Acemoglu, Daron and Robinson, James A., 2006. Economic Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Almond, Gabriel A. and Coleman, James S., 1960. The Politics of Developing Areas. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Almond, Gabriel A. and Verba, Sidney, 1963. The Civic Culture. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Ambrosio, Thomas, 2009. Authoritarian Backlash: Russian Resistance to Democratization in the Former Soviet Union. Farnham, UK: Ashgate.
Anderson, Christopher J., Blais, A., Bowler, S., Donovan, T. and Listhaug, O., 2005. Losers' Consent: Elections and Democratic Legitimacy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Arendt, Hannah, 1951. The Origins of Totalitarianism. New York: Schocken Books.
Aron, Leon, 2000. Boris Yeltsin: A Revolutionary Life. London: HarperCollins.
Bacon, Edwin, 2004. “Russia's Law on Political Parties: Democracy by Decree?” In Ross, Cameron, ed., Russian Politics Under Putin. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 39–52.
Bahry, Donna, 1987. “Politics, Generations and Change in the USSR.” In Millar, 1987, 61–99.
Berlin, Isaiah, 1958. Two Concepts of Liberty: An Inaugural Lecture. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Blasi, Joseph R., Kroumova, Maya and Kruse, Douglas, 1997. Kremlin Capitalism: Privatizing the Russian Economy. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Boneo, Horacio, 2000. “Observation of Elections.” In Rose, R., ed., International Encyclopedia of Elections. Washington, DC: CQ Press, 179–189.
Bonnell, Victoria E. and Breslauer, George W., eds., 2001. Russia in the New Century: Stability or Disorder?Boulder: Lynne Rienner.
Boutenko, Irene A. and Razlogov, Kirill E., 1997. Recent Social Trends in Russia 1960–1995. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press.
Breslauer, George W., 1978. “On the Adaptability of Soviet Welfare-State Authoritarianism.” In Ryavec, Karl W., ed., Soviet Society and the Communist Party. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 3–25.
Breslauer, George W., 2002. Gorbachev and Yeltsin as Leaders. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Brown, Archie, 1996. The Gorbachev Factor. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Brown, Archie, 2001. “From Democratization to Guided Democracy,”Journal of Democracy, 12, 4, 35–41.
Brown, Archie, 2009. The Rise and Fall of Communism. London: Bodley Head.
Brownlee, Jason, 2007. Authoritarianism in an Age of Democratization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Buckley, Neil, 2006. “Putin Aide Defends System of Democracy in Russia,” Financial Times, 29 June.
Buckley, Neil, 2010. “Russia's Leaders Split on Reform Pace,” Financial Times, 10 September.
Bueno de Mesquita, Bruce, Smith, A., Siverson, R. M. and Morrow, J. D., 2003. The Logic of Political Survival. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Bunce, Valerie J. and Wolchik, Sharon L., 2010. “Defeating Dictators: Electoral Change and Stability in Competitive Authoritarian Regimes,”World Politics, 62, 1, 43–86.
Burger, Ethan A., 2009. “Following Only Some of the Money in Russia,”Demokratizatsiya, 17, 1, 41–72.
Butler, D. E. and Stokes, Donald E., 1974. Political Change in Britain. London: Macmillan, 2nd edn.
Canache, D., Mondak, J. and Seligson, Mitchell, 2001. “Meaning and Measurement in Cross-National Research on Satisfaction with Democracy,”Public Opinion Quarterly, 65, 506–528.
Capoccia, Giovanni and Keleman, R. Daniel, 2007. “The Study of Critical Junctures,”World Politics, 59, 3, 341–369.
Carey, J. M. and Shugart, M., 1995. “Incentives to Cultivate a Personal Vote,”Electoral Studies, 14, 4, 417–439.
Carey, Sabine C., 2010. “The Use of Repression as a Response to Domestic Dissent,”Political Studies, 59, 1, 167–186.
Carnaghan, Ellen, 2007. Out of Order: Russian Political Values in an Imperfect World. State College: Pennsylvania State University Press.
Carothers, Thomas, 2004. Critical Mission: Essays on Democracy Promotion. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.
Churchill, Winston, 1947. “Debate,”House of Commons HansardLondon: HMSO, 11 November col. 206.
,CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) Executive Committee, 2008. Zayavlenie Missii nabliudatelei ot SNG po rezultatam nabliudeniya za podgotovkoi i provedeniem vyborov Presidenta Rossiiskoi federatsii ot 2 marta 2008. Minsk: Commonwealth of Independent States.
Clover, Charles, 2010. “Medvedev Makes Case for Reforms,” Financial Times, 11 September.
Collier, David and Levitsky, Steven, 1997. “Democracy with Adjectives: Conceptual Innovation in Comparative Research,”World Politics, 49, 3, 430–451.
Colton, Timothy J., 2000. Transitional Citizens: Voters and What Influences Them in the New Russia. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Colton, Timothy J., 2005. “Putin and the Attenuation of Russian Democracy.” In Pravda, A., ed., Leading Russia. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 103–118.
Colton, Timothy J. and Hale, Henry E., 2009. “The Putin Vote: Presidential Electorates in a Hybrid Regime,”Slavic Review, 68, 3, 473–504.
Colton, Timothy J. and McFaul, Michael, 2000. “Reinventing Russia's Party of Power: Unity and the 1999 Duma Election,”Post-Soviet Affairs, 16, 3, 201–224.
Conquest, Robert, 1990. The Great Terror: A Re-assessment. London: Pimlico.
Cook, Linda J., 1993. The Soviet Social Contract and Why It Failed. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Cook, Linda J., 2006. Postcommunist Welfare States: Reform Politics in Russia and Eastern Europe. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
,Council of Europe, 2007. “Russian Duma elections ‘not held on a level playing field’, say parliamentary observers.” Press release, wcd.coe.int/ViewDoc.jsp?id=1221469&Site= (accessed 20 December 2010).
Cromley, Ellen K., 2010. “Pandemic Disease in Russia: From Black Death to AIDS,”Eurasian Geography and Economics, 51, 2, 184–202.
Dahl, Robert A., 1971. Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Dahl, Robert A., 1989. Democracy and Its Critics. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Dalton, Russell, 2004. Democratic Challenges, Democratic Choices: The Erosion of Political Support in Advanced Industrial Democracies. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Dalton, Russell, 2008. Citizen Politics: Public Opinion and Parties in Advanced Industrial Democracies. Washington, DC: CQ Press.
Dalton, Russell J., Shin, Doh C. and Jou, Willy, 2007. “How People Understand Democracy,” Journal of Democracy, 18, 4, 142–156.
Dannreuther, Roland and March, Luke, eds., 2010. Russia and Islam. London: Routledge.
di Palma, Giuseppe, 1990. To Craft Democracies: An Essay on Democratic Transitions. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Diamond, Larry, 2008. “The Democratic Rollback,”Foreign Affairs, 87, 2, 36–48.
Diamond, Larry and Plattner, Marc F., eds., 2008. How People View Democracy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Dimitrov, Philip, 2009. “Does ‘Populism’ in Europe's New Democracies Really Matter?,”Demokratizatsiya, 17, 4, 310–323.
Duch, Raymond and Stevenson, Randolph T., 2008. The Economic Vote: How Political and Economic Institutions Condition Election Results. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Duncan, Peter J. S., 2000. Russian Messianism: Third Rome, Holy Revolution, Communism and After. London: Routledge.
Durkheim, Emile, 1952. Suicide: A Study in Sociology. London: Routledge.
Easton, David, 1965. A Systems Analysis of Political Life. New York: John Wiley.
Easton, David and Dennis, Jack, 1969. Children in the Political System: Origins of Political Legitimacy. New York: McGraw-Hill.
,EBRD, 2001. Transition Report 2001: Energy in Transition. London: European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
,EBRD, 2004. Transition Report 2004: Infrastructure. London: European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
,EBRD, 2010. Revised Growth Forecast for Russia. www.ebrd.com/country/sector/econo/stats/growth.pdf (accessed 6 April 2010).
Eckstein, Harry, 1966. Division and Cohesion in Democracy: A Study of Norway. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Eckstein, Harry, 1988. “A Culturalist Theory of Political Change,”American Political Science Review, 82, 3, 789–804.
Eckstein, Harry, Fleron, F. J., Hoffmann, E. P. and Reisinger, W. M., 1998. Can Democracy Take Root in Post-Soviet Russia? Explorations in State–Society Relations. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
Elklit, Jorgen and Reynolds, Andrew, 2005. “A Framework for the Systematic Study of Election Quality,”Democratization, 12, 2, 147–162.
Emmons, Terence, 1983. The Formation of Political Parties and the First National Elections in Russia. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Engerman, David C., 2009. Know Your Enemy: The Rise and Fall of America's Soviet Experts. New York: Oxford University Press.
Evans, Alfred B., 2008. “Russia's Public Chamber,”Demokratizatsiya, 16, 4, 345–362.
Evans, Alfred B., Henry, L. A. and Sundstrom, L. M., eds., 2006. Russian Civil Society: A Critical Assessment. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.
Evans, Geoffrey, ed., 1999. The End of Class Politics?Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Figes, Orlando, 2007. The Whisperers: Private Life in Stalin's Russia. London: Allen Lane.
Finer, S. E., 1997. The History of Government. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 3 vols.
Fish, M. Steven, 1995. Democracy from Scratch: Opposition and Regime in the New Russian Revolution. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Fish, M.Steven, 2005. Democracy Derailed in Russia: The Failure of Open Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Fleron, Frederic J. and Hoffmann, Erik P., eds., 1993. Post-Communist Studies and Political Science: Methodology and Empirical Theory in Sovietology. Boulder: Westview Press.
Flora, Peter and Alber, Jens, 1981. “Modernization, Democratization and the Development of Welfare States in Western Europe.” In Flora, P. and Heidenheimer, A. J., eds., The Development of Welfare States in Europe and America. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 37–80.
Freeland, Chrystia, 2000. Sale of the Century: The Inside Story of the Second Russian Revolution. London: Little, Brown.
Friedrich, Carl J. and Brzezinski, Zbigniew K., 1965. Totalitarian Dictatorship and Autocracy. 2nd edn. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Frisby, Tanya, 1998. “The Rise of Organized Crime in Russia,”Europe–Asia Studies, 50, 1, 27–49.
Fukuyama, Francis, 1992. The End of History and the Last Man. New York: Free Press.
Furtak, Robert K., ed., 1990. Elections in Socialist States. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
Gaddy, Clifford G. and Ickes, Barry W., 2001. “Stability and Disorder: An Evolutionary Analysis of Russia's Virtual Economy.” In Bonnell and Breslauer, 2001, 103–123.
Gaddy, Clifford G. and Ickes, Barry W., 2009. “Russia's Declining Oil Production: Managing Price Risk and Rent Addiction,” Eurasian Geography and Economics, 50, 1, 1–13.
Gaidar, Yegor, 1999. Days of Defeat and Victory. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
Galbreath, David J. and Rose, Richard, 2008. “Fair Treatment in a Divided Society: A Bottom Up Assessment of Bureaucratic Encounters in Latvia,”Governance, 21, 1, 53–73.
Gamson, William A., 1968. Power and Discontent. Homewood, IL: Dorsey Press.
Geddes, Barbara, 1999. “What Do We Know About Democratization After Twenty Years?,”Annual Review of Political Science, 2, 115–144.
Geddes, Barbara, 2006. “Stages of Development in Authoritarian Regimes.” In Tismaneau, V., Howard, M. and Sil, R., eds., World Order After Leninism. Berkeley: University of California Press, 149–170.
Gel'man, Vladimir, 2008. “Party Politics in Russia: From Competition to Hierarchy,”Europe–Asia Studies, 60, 1, 913–930.
Gel'man, Vladimir, Ryzhenkov, Sergei and Brie, Michael, 2003. Making and Breaking Democratic Transitions: The Comparative Politics of Russia's Regions. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
Gelman, Andrew and Hill, Jennifer, 2007. Data Analysis Using Regression and Multilevel/Hierarchical Models. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Gibson, James L., Duch, Raymond M. and Tedin, Kent L., 1992. “Democratic Values and the Transformation of the Soviet Union,”Journal of Politics, 54, 2, 329–371.
Gilley, Bruce, 2010. “Democratic Triumph, Scholarly Pessimism,”Journal of Democracy, 21, 1, 160–167.
Goldman, Marshall, 2008. Oilopoly: Putin, Power and the Rise of the New Russia. Oxford: Oneworld.
Goodwin-Gill, Guy S., 2006. Free and Fair Elections: International Law and Practice. Geneva: Inter-Parliamentary Union, 2nd edn.
Grossman, Gregory, 1977. “The ‘Second Economy’ of the USSR,”Problems of Communism, 26, 5, 25–40.
Gurr, Ted R., 1970. Why Men Rebel. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Hadenius, Axel and Teorell, Jan, 2007. “Pathways from Authoritarianism,”Journal of Democracy, 18, 1, 143–157.
Haerpfer, C. W., Bernhagen, P., Inglehart, R. and Welzel, C., eds., 2009. Democratization. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hale, Henry E., 2007. Why Not Parties in Russia?  New York: Cambridge University Press.
Hale, Henry E., 2008. The Foundations of Ethnic Politics. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Hall, Peter A. and Rosemary, Taylor, 1996. “Political Science and the Three New Institutionalisms,”Political Studies, 44, 5, 936–957.
Harding, Luke, 2008. “Russia Election Not Free or Fair, Say Observers,” Guardian, 3 March.
Hart, H. L. A., 1961. The Concept of Law. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Havel, Václav, et al., 1985. The Power of the Powerless: Citizens Against the State in Central Eastern Europe. London: Hutchinson.
Heller, Mikhail, 1988. Cogs in the Soviet Wheel: The Formation of Soviet Man. London: Collins Harvill.
Hellman, Joel S., 1998. “Winners Take All: The Politics of Partial Reform in Postcommunist Transitions,”World Politics, 50, 203–234.
Hendley, Kathryn, 2007. “Putin and the Law.” In Herspring, 2007, 99–124.
Herspring, D. R. ed., 2007. Putin's Russia: Past Imperfect, Future Uncertain. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 3rd edn.
Hollander, Paul, 1981. Political Pilgrims. New York: Oxford University Press.
Holmes, Stephen, 2006. “The State of the State in Putin's Russia.” In Colton, T. J. and Holmes, S., eds., The State After Communism. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 299–310.
Hough, Jerry F., 1977. The Soviet Union and Social Science Theory. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Hunter, Shirleen T., Thomas, Jeffrey and Melikishvili, Alexander, 2004. Islam in Russia: The Politics of Identity and Security. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.
Huntington, Samuel P., 1968. Political Order in Changing Societies. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Huntington, Samuel P., 1991. The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
Hutcheson, Derek S., 2010. Twenty Years of Post-Communist Elections: The Voters' Perspective, Studies in Public Policy Number 471. Aberdeen: Centre for the Study of Public Policy.
Inkeles, Alex and Bauer, Raymond A., 1959. The Soviet Citizen: Daily Life in a Totalitarian Society. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Inkeles, Alex and Geiger, K., 1952. “Critical Letters to Editors of the Soviet Press,”American Sociological Review, 17, 694–703.
Jack, Andrew, 2004. “Critics See No Room for Dissent in New Duma,” Financial Times, 5 February.
Jack, Andrew, 2005. Putin's Russia. Cambridge: Granta Books.
Jennings, M. Kent, 2007. “Political Socialization.” In Dalton, Russell J. and Klingemann, Hans-Dieter, eds., The Oxford Handbook of Political Behavior. New York: Oxford University Press, 29–44.
Jowitt, Kenneth, 1992. New World Disorder: The Leninist Extinction. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Karl, Terry Lynn, 1999. “The Perils of the Petro-State,” Journal of International Affairs, 53, 31–48.
Katsenelinboigen, A., 1977. “Coloured Markets in the Soviet Union,”Soviet Studies, 29, 1, 62–85.
Katzenstein, Peter, ed., 2009. Civilizations in World Politics: Plural and Pluralistic Perspectives. London: Routledge.
Kay, Rebecca, 2006. Men in Contemporary Russia. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Keenan, Edward, 1986. “Muscovite Political Folkways,”Russian Review, 45, 115–181.
Kinder, Donald and Kiewiet, D., 1981. “Sociotropic Politics,”British Journal of Political Science, 11, 129–161.
Klebnikov, Paul, 2000. Godfather of the Kremlin: Boris Berezovsky and the Looting of Russia. New York: Harcourt Brace.
Koehler, John O., 1999. The Stasi: The Untold Story of the East German Secret Police. Boulder: Westview Press.
Kolossov, Vladimir, 2003. “High and Low Geopolitics: Images of Foreign Countries in the Eyes of Russian Citizens,”Geopolitics, 8, 1, 121–148.
Kornai, Janos, 1992. The Socialist System: The Political Economy of Communism. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Kornberg, Allan and Clarke, Harold, 1992. Citizens and Community: Political Support in a Representative Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kryshtonovskaya, Olga, 2008. “The Russian Elite in Transition,”Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, 24, 4, 585–603.
Kryshtonovskaya, Olga and White, Stephen, 2003. “Putin's Militocracy,”Post-Soviet Affairs, 19, 4, 289–306.
Kurkchiyan, Marina, 2003. “The Illegitimacy of Law in Post-Soviet Societies.” In Galligan, D. and Kurkchiyan, M., eds., Law and Informal Practices: The Post-Communist Experience. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 25–46.
Lane, David and White, Stephen, 2009. “Rethinking the Coloured Revolutions,”Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, 25, 2–3, 111–412.
Laverty, Nicklaus, 2008. “Limited Choices: Russian Opposition Parties and the 2007 Duma Election,”Demokratizatsiya, 16, 4, 343–382.
Ledeneva, Alena V., 2006. How Russia Really Works: The Informal Practices That Shaped Post-Soviet Politics and Business. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Lenta, Ru, 2004. “Aziatchina kakaya-to! Narod khochet, chtoby Putin ostalsy na tretii srok” [Somehow Asiatic! The people want Putin to stay for a third term], http://lenta.ru/articles/2004/02/05/president7/ (accessed 9 October 2009).
Lentini, Peter, ed., 1995. Elections and Political Order in Russia. Budapest: Central European University Press.
Levada, Yuri, 1995. Democratic Disorder and Russian Public Opinion: Trends in VCIOM Surveys 1991–1995, Studies in Public Policy Number 255. Glasgow: Centre for the Study of Public Policy.
Levada, Yuri, 2001. “Homo Praevaricatus: Russian Doublethink.” In Brown, Archie, ed., Contemporary Russian Politics: A Reader. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 312–322.
Levitsky, Steven and Way, Lucan, 2002. “The Rise of Competitive Authoritarianism,”Journal of Democracy, 13, 2, 51–65.
Levitsky, Steven and Way, Lucan 2010a. Competitive Authoritarianism: Hybrid Regimes After the Cold War. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Levitsky, Steven and Way, Lucan 2010b. “Why Democracy Needs a Level Playing Field,”Journal of Democracy, 21, 1, 57–68.
Lieven, Anatol, 1998. Chechnya: Tombstone of Russian Power. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Linan, Miguel Vazquez, 2009. “Putin's Propaganda Legacy,”Post-Soviet Affairs, 25, 2, 137–159.
Linz, Juan J., 1990a. “The Perils of Presidentialism,”Journal of Democracy, 1, 1, 51–70.
Linz, Juan J., 1990b. “Transitions to Democracy,” Washington Quarterly, Summer, 143–164.
Linz, Juan J., 2000. Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes. Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
Linz, Juan J. and Stepan, Alfred, 1996. Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Lipman, Masha and McFaul, Michael, 2005. “Putin and the Media.” In Herspring, Dale, ed., Putin's Russia: Past Imperfect, Future Uncertain. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2nd edn., 55–74.
Lipset, S. M., 1959. Political Man. New York: Doubleday.
Listhaug, Ole, Aardal, B. and Ellis, I. O., 2009. “Institutional Variation and Political Support.” In Klingemann, H.-D., ed., The Comparative Study of Electoral Systems. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 311–332.
Lloyd, John, 2010. “Russian Critics Find Their Voice on Net to Blow Holes in System,” Financial Times, 13 December.
Lopez-Claros, Augusto and Zadornov, Mikhail M., 2002. “Economic Reforms: Steady as She Goes,”Washington Quarterly, 25, 1, 105–116.
Lukin, Alexander, 2000. The Political Culture of the Russian “Democrats.”Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lynch, Allen C., 2005. How Russia Is Not Ruled. New York: Cambridge University Press.
McAllister, Ian and White, Stephen, 1995. “The Legacy of the Nomenklatura: Economic Privilege in Post-Communist Russia,”Coexistence, 32, 3, 217–239.
McAuley, Mary, 1984. “Russian Political Culture: One Step Forward, Two Steps Back.” In Brown, Archie, ed., Political Culture and Communist Studies. London: Macmillan, 13–39.
McCauley, Martin, 1998. Russia Since 1914. London: Longman.
McCauley, Martin, 2001. Bandits, Gangsters and the Mafia. Harlow and London: Pearson Education.
McDaniel, Tim, 1996. The Agony of the Russian Idea. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
McFaul, Michael, 2001. Russia's Unfinished Revolution. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Magaloni, Beatriz, 2006. Voting for Autocracy: Hegemonic Party Survival and Its Demise in Mexico. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Mainwaring, Scott and Torcal, Mariano, 2006. “Party System Institutionalization and Party System Theory After the Third Wave of Democratization.” In Katz, R. S. and Crotty, W., eds., Handbook of Political Parties. London: Sage, 204–227.
March, Luke, 2009. “Managing Opposition in a Hybrid Regime: Just Russia and Parastatal Opposition,”Slavic Review, 68, 3, 504–527.
Marer, Paul, Arvay, Janos, O'Connor, John, Schrenk, Martin and Swanson, Daniel, 1992. Historically Planned Economies: A Guide to the Data. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Marsden, Lee, 2005. Lessons from Russia: Clinton and US Democracy Promotion. Aldershot: Ashgate.
Marsh, Christopher, 2005. Unparalleled Reforms: China's Rise, Russia's Fall and the Interdependence of Transition. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
Marshall, T. H., 1950. Citizenship and Social Class. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Meleshevich, Andrey A., 2007. Party Systems in Post-Soviet Countries. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Mickiewicz, Ellen, 2006. “The Election News Story on Russian Television: A World Apart from Voters,”Slavic Review, 65, 1, 1–23.
Millar, James R., ed., 1987. Politics, Work and Daily Life in the USSR: A Survey of Former Soviet Citizens. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Mishler, William and Rose, Richard, 2001, “Political Support for Incomplete Democracies: Realist vs. Idealist Theories and Measures,”International Political Science Review, 22, 4, 303–320.
Mishler, William and Rose, Richard, 2002. “Learning and Re-Learning Regime Support: The Dynamics of Post-Communist Regimes,”European Journal of Political Research, 41, 1, 5–36.
Mishler, William and Rose, Richard, 2005. “What Are the Political Consequences of Trust? A Test of Cultural and Institutional Theories in Russia,” Comparative Political Studies, 38, 1050–1078.
Mishler, William and Rose, Richard, 2007. “Generation, Age and Time: The Dynamics of Political Learning During Russia's Transformation,”American Journal of Political Science, 51, 4, 822–834.
Mishler, William and Willerton, J., 2003. “The Dynamics of Presidential Popularity in Post-Communist Russia,”Journal of Politics, 65, 1, 111–131.
Moraski, Bryan, 2007. “Electoral System Reform in Democracy's Grey Zone,”Government and Opposition, 42, 4, 536–563.
Morlino, Leonardo and Montero, José Ramon, 1995. “Legitimacy and Democracy in Southern Europe.” In Gunther, R., Diamandouros, P. N. and Puhle, H.-J., eds., The Politics of Democratic Consolidation: Southern Europe in Comparative Perspective. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 231–260.
Moser, Robert G. and Thames, Frank C., 2001. “Compromise Amidst Political Conflict.” In Shugart, Matthew and Wattenberg, Martin, eds., Mixed-Member Electoral Systems. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 254–275.
Munro, Neil, 2006. “Russia's Persistent Communist Legacy: Nostalgia, Reaction, and Reactionary Expectations,”Post-Soviet Affairs, 22, 4, 289–313.
Myagkov, Mikhail, Ordeshook, Peter C. and Shakin, Dimitri, 2009. The Forensics of Election Fraud. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Neustadt, Richard E., 1960. Presidential Power. New York: John Wiley.
Newton, Kenneth, 1999. “Social and Political Trust in Established Democracies.” In Norris, 1999, 169–187.
Noelle-Neumann, Elisabeth, 1993. The Spiral of Silence: Public Opinion – Our Social Skin. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2nd edn.
Noelle-Neumann, Elisabeth, 1995. “Juan Linz's Doctoral Dissertation on West Germany: An Empirical Follow-up, Thirty Years Later.” In Chehabi, H. E. and Stepan, Alfred, eds., Politics, Society and Democracy. Boulder: Westview Press, vol. II, 13–41.
Norris, Pippa, ed., 1999. Critical Citizens: Global Support for Democratic Governance. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
North, Douglass C., 2005. Understanding the Process of Economic Change. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
North, Douglass C., Wallis, J. J. and Weingast, B. R., 2009. Violence and Social Orders. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Nye, Joseph S., 2004. Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics. New York: Public Affairs Press.
Oates, Sara, 2006. Television, Democracy and Elections in Russia. London: Routledge Curzon.
O'Donnell, Guillermo, 1994. “Delegative Democracy,”Journal of Democracy, 5, 1, 55–69.
,OSCE (Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe), 2000. Final Report: Russian Federation Presidential Election 26 March 2000. Warsaw: ODIHR Election Observation Mission Report.
,OSCE (Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe), 2005. The OSCE/ODIHR Election Observation Handbook. Warsaw: OSCE, 5th edn.
Oversloot, Hans and Verheul, Ruben, 2000. “The Party of Power in Russian Politics,”Acta Politica, 35, 2, 123–145.
Oversloot, Hans and Verheul, Ruben, 2006. “Managing Democracy: Political Parties and the State in Russia,”Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, 22, 3, 383–405.
Parsons, Talcott, 1964. “Communism and the West: The Sociology of Conflict”. In Amitai, Etzioni and Etzioni, Eva, eds., Social Change. New York: Basic Books, 390–399.
Pempel, T. J., ed., 1990. Uncommon Democracies: The One-Party Dominant Regimes. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Pharr, Susan J. and Putnam, Robert D., eds., 2000. Disaffected Democracies: What's Troubling the Trilateral Countries?Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Pierson, Paul, 2004. Politics in Time: History, Institutions and Social Analysis. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Politkovskaya, Anna, 2007. Putin's Russia: Life in a Failing Democracy. New York: Owl Books.
Posusney, Marsha Pripstein, 2004. “Enduring Authoritarianism: Middle East Lessons for Comparative Theory,”Comparative Politics, 36, 2, 127–138.
Pravda, Alex, 1978. “Elections in Communist Party States.” In Hermet, Guy, Rouquié, Alain and Rose, Richard, eds., Elections Without Choice. London: Macmillan, 169–195.
Przeworski, Adam, 1991. Democracy and the Market. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Przeworski, Adam, Alvarez, Michael, Cheibub, José Antonio and Limongi, Fernando, 1996. “What Makes Democracies Endure?,”Journal of Democracy, 7, 1, 39–55.
Przeworski, Adam, Alvarez, Michael, Cheibub, José Antonio and Limongi, Fernando, 2000. Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Well-Being in the World, 1950–1990. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Putin, Vladimir, with Gevorkyan, N., Timakova, N. and Kolesnikov, A., 2000. First Person. London: Hutchinson.
Putin, Vladimir, 2005. “Annual Address to the Federal Assembly: April 25,” www.kremlin.ru/eng/text/speeches (accessed 27 April 2005).
Putnam, Robert D. with Leonardi, Robert and Nanetti, Raffaella Y., 1993. Making Democracy Work. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Putnam, Robert D. with Leonardi, Robert and Nanetti, Raffaella Y., 2000. Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon and Schuster.
Raudenbush, Stephen W. and Bryk, Anthony S., 2002. Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 2nd edn.
Reddaway, Peter and Glinski, Dmitri, 2001. The Tragedy of Russia's Reforms: Market Bolshevism Against Democracy. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press.
Reitlinger, Gerald, 1960. The House Built on Sand. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
Remington, Thomas F., 2005. “Putin, the Duma and Political Parties.” In Herspring, Dale, ed., Putin's Russia: Past Imperfect, Future Uncertain. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2nd edn., 31–54.
Reuter, Ora John, 2010. “The Politics of Dominant Party Formation,”Europe–Asia Studies, 62, 2, 293–327.
Riggs, Fred W., 1988. “The Survival of Presidentialism in America: Para-Constitutional Practices,”International Political Science Review, 9, 4, 247–278.
Riker, William, 1980. “Implications from the Disequilibrium of Majority Rule for the Study of Institutions,”American Political Science Review, 74, 432–446.
Robertson, Graeme B., 2009. “Managing Society: Protest, Civil Society and Regime in Putin's Russia,”Slavic Review, 68, 3, 528–547.
Rogowski, Ronald, 1974. Rational Legitimacy: A Theory of Political Support. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Rosa, Ruth Amende, 1949. “The Soviet Theory of ‘People's Democracy,’”World Politics, 1, 4, 489–510.
Rose, Richard, 1969. “Dynamic Tendencies in the Authority of Regimes,”World Politics, 21, 4, 602–628.
Rose, Richard, 1996a. “Evaluating Benefits: The Views of Russian Employees.” In Lippoldt, Douglas, ed., Social Benefits and the Russian Enterprise: A Time of Transition. Paris: OECD, 39–60.
Rose, Richard, 1996b. What Is Europe? A Dynamic Perspective. New York and London: Longman.
Rose, Richard 1998. “What Is the Demand for Price Stability in Post-Communist Countries?,”Problems of Post-Communism, 45, 2, 43–50.
Rose, Richard 2000a. “Uses of Social Capital in Russia: Modern, Pre-Modern and Anti-Modern,”Post-Soviet Affairs, 16, 1, 33–57.
Rose, Richard, 2000b. “A Supply-Side View of Russia's Elections,”East European Constitutional Review, 9, 1–2, 53–59.
Rose, Richard, 2000c. “How Much Does Social Capital Add to Individual Health? A Survey Study of Russia,”Social Science and Medicine, 51, 1421–1435.
Rose, Richard, 2002. “Economies in Transformation: A Multidimensional Approach to a Cross-Cultural Problem,”East European Constitutional Review, 11, 4–12, 1, 62–70.
Rose, Richard, 2005. “Internet Diffusion Not Divide: A Proximity Model of Internet Takeoff in Russia,” Oxford Internet Institute Research Report No. 10.
Rose, Richard, 2006. Diverging Paths of Post-Communist Countries: New Europe Barometer Trends Since 1991, Studies in Public Policy Number 418. Aberdeen: Centre for the Study of Public Policy.
Rose, Richard, 2007. “Going Public with Private Opinions: Are Post-Communist Citizens Afraid to Say What They Think?,”Journal of Elections and Public Opinion, 17, 2, 123–142.
Rose, Richard, 2008. “Evaluating Democratic Governance,”Democratization, 15, 2, 251–271.
Rose, Richard, 2009a. “Democracy and Its Alternatives.” In Haerpfer, et al., 2009, 10–23.
Rose, Richard, 2009b. Russians in Economic Crisis: New Russia Barometer XVIII, Studies in Public Policy Number 462. Aberdeen: Centre for the Study of Public Policy.
Rose, Richard, 2009c. Understanding Post-Communist Transformation: A Bottom Up Approach. London and New York: Routledge.
Rose, Richard, Berglund, Sten and Munro, Neil, 2006. “Baltic Identities and Interests in a European Setting.” In McGarry, John and Keating, Michael, eds., European Integration and the Minorities Question. London: Routledge, 308–328.
Rose, Richard and Bobak, Martin, 2010. “Stresses and Opportunities of Post-Communist Transformation: The Impact on Health,”Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, 26, 1, 80–100.
Rose, Richard and Mishler, William, 1994. “Mass Reaction to Regime Change in Eastern Europe: Polarization or Leaders and Laggards?,”British Journal of Political Science, 24, 2, 159–182.
Rose, Richard and Mishler, William, 1996. “Representation and Leadership in Post-Communist Political Systems,”Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, 12, 2, 224–247.
Rose, Richard and Mishler, William, 2002. “Comparing Regime Support in Non-Democratic and Democratic Countries,”Democratization, 9, 2, 1–20.
Rose, Richard and Mishler, William, 2009. “How Do Electors Respond to an Unfair Election?,”Post-Soviet Affairs, 25, 2, 118–136.
Rose, Richard and Mishler, William, 2010. “Experience Versus Perception of Corruption: Russia as a Test Case,”Global Crime, 11, 2, 145–163.
Rose, Richard and Mishler, William, 2010a. “A Supply–Demand Model of Party-System Institutionalization,”Party Politics, 16, 6, 801–822.
Rose, Richard, Mishler, William and Haerpfer, Christian, 1998. Democracy and Its Alternatives. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Rose, Richard, Mishler, William and Munro, Neil, 2006. Russia Transformed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Rose, Richard and Mossawir, Harvé, 1967. “Voting and Elections: A Functional Analysis,”Political Studies, 15, 2, 173–201.
Rose, Richard and Munro, Neil, 2002. Elections Without Order: Russia's Challenge to Vladimir Putin. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Rose, Richard and Munro, Neil, 2008. “Do Russians See Their Future in Europe or the CIS?,”Europe–Asia Studies, 60, 1, 49–66.
Rose, Richard and Munro, Neil, 2009. Parties and Elections in New European Democracies. Colchester, UK: ECPR Press.
Rose, Richard, Shin, Doh Chull and Munro, Neil, 1999. “Tensions Between the Democratic Ideal and Reality: South Korea.” In Norris, 1999, 146–165.
Rose, Richard and Tikhomirov, Evgeny, 1993. “Who Grows Food in Russia and Eastern Europe?,”Post-Soviet Geography, 34, 2, 111–126.
Rustow, Dankwart A., 1970. “Transitions to Democracy,”Comparative Politics, 2, 337–363.
Rutland, Peter, 2008. “Putin's Economic Record: Is the Oil Boom Sustainable?,”Europe–Asia Studies, 60, 6, 1051–1072.
Ryavec, Karl W., 2003. Russian Bureaucracy: Power and Pathology. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
Sachs, Jeffrey D. and Pistor, Katharina, eds., 1997. The Rule of Law and Economic Reform in Russia. Boulder: Westview Press.
Sakwa, Richard, 1996. Russian Politics and Society. London: Routledge, 2nd edn.
Sakwa, Richard, 2002. Russian Politics and Society. London: Routledge, 3rd edn.
Sakwa, Richard, 2008a. Putin: Russia's Choice. London: Routledge, 2nd edn.
Sakwa, Richard, 2008b. Russian Politics and Society. London: Routledge, 4th edn.
Sartori, Giovanni, 1976. Parties and Party Systems: A Framework for Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Schedler, Andreas, ed., 2006. Electoral Authoritarianism: The Dynamics of Unfree Competition. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.
Schedler, Andreas, 2010. “Authoritarianism's Last Line of Defence,”Journal of Democracy, 21, 1, 69–80.
Schumpeter, Joseph A., 1952. Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. London: George Allen & Unwin, 4th edn.
Scott, James C., 1985. Weapons of the Weak: Everyday Forms of Peasant Resistance. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Sen, Amartya, 2006. Identity and Violence: The Illusion of Destiny. New York: W. W. Norton.
Shambaugh, David, 2008. China's Communist Party: Atrophy and Adaptation. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Shearer, David R., 2009. Policing Stalin's Socialism: Repression and Social Order in the Soviet Union, 1924–1963. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Shenfield, Stephen D., 2001. Russian Fascism: Traditions, Tendencies, Movements. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.
Shevchenko, Olga, 2001. “Bread and Circuses: Shifting Frames and Changing References in Ordinary Muscovites' Political Talk,”Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 34, 1, 77–90.
Shevtsova, Lilia, 2005. Putin's Russia: Myths and Realities. Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2nd edn.
Shi, Tianjian, 2008. “China: Democratic Values Supporting an Authoritarian System.” In Chu, Yun-han, Diamond, Larry, Nathan, Andrew J. and Shin, Doh Chull, eds., How East Asians View Democracy. New York: Columbia University Press, 209–237.
Shlapentokh, Vladimir, 1987. The Politics of Sociology in the Soviet Union. Boulder: Westview Press.
Shlapentokh, Vladimir, 1989. Public and Private Life of the Soviet People. New York: Oxford University Press.
Shlapentokh, Vladimir, 2001. A Normal Totalitarian Society: How the Soviet Union Functioned and How It Collapsed. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.
Shlapentokh, Vladimir, 2006. Fear in Contemporary Society: Its Negative and Positive Effects. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Silver, Brian D., 1987. “Political Beliefs of the Soviet Citizen: Sources of Support for Regime Norms.” In Millar, 1987, 100–141.
Simon, Janos, 1998. “Popular Conceptions of Democracy in Postcommunist Europe.” In Barnes, S. H. and Simon, J., eds., The Postcommunist Citizen. Budapest: Erasmus Foundation and Institute for Political Science of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 79–112.
Smith, Benjamin R., 2005. “Life of the Party: The Origins of Regime Breakdown and Persistence Under Single-Party Rule,”World Politics, 57, 3, 421–451.
Solnick, Steven L., 1998. Stealing the State: Control and Collapse in Soviet Institutions. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Steenbergen, Marco and Jones, Bradford, 2002. “Modeling Multilevel Data Structures”, American Journal of Political Science, 46, 1, 218–237.
Stokes, Susan C., ed., 2001. Public Support for Market Reforms in New Democracies. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Stokes, Susan C., 2007. “Political Clientelism.” In Boix, Carlos and Stokes, S., eds., The Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics. New York: Oxford University Press, 604–620.
Thornhill, John, 2009. “A Russia United by Anti-Westernism,”Financial Times, 4 February.
Tompson, William, 2004. “The Russian Economy Under Vladimir Putin.” In Cameron, Ross, ed., Russian Politics Under Putin. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 114–132.
Treisman, Daniel, 2011. “Presidential Popularity in a Hybrid Regime: Russia Under Yeltsin and Putin”, American Journal of Political Science.
,UNICEF (United Nations Children's Fund), 2009. Innocenti Social Monitor 2009. Florence: Innocenti Research Centre Monee Project.
Vanhanen, Tatu, 2003. Democratization: A Comparative Review of 170 Countries. London: Routledge.
Vu, Tuong, 2010. “Studying the State Through State Formation,”World Politics, 62, 1, 148–175.
Wädekin, Karl-Eugen, 1994. “Agriculture.” In Brown, Archie, Kaser, Michael and Smith, Gerald S., eds., The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Russia and the Former Soviet Union. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 399–403.
Watson, Peggy, 1995. “Explaining Rising Mortality Among Men in Eastern Europe,”Social Science and Medicine, 41, 923–934.
Watson, Roland, 2005. “I'll Be a Democrat – Well, Almost, Putin tells Bush.”The Times (London), 25 February.
Way, Lucan A., 2005, “Authoritarian State Building and the Sources of Regime Competitiveness in the Fourth Wave,”World Politics, 57, 2, 231–261.
Weatherford, M. Stephen, 1987. “How Does Government Performance Influence Political Support?,”Political Behavior, 9, 1, 5–28.
Weber, Max, 1947. The Theory of Social and Economic Organization. Glencoe, IL: Free Press. Translated by Henderson, A. M. and Parsons, Talcott.
Wedel, Janine R., 1986. The Private Poland. New York: Facts on File.
Weil, Frederick D., 1987. “Cohorts, Regimes, and the Legitimation of Democracy: West Germany Since 1945,”American Sociological Review, 52, 308–324.
Weil, Frederick D., 1989. “The Sources and Structure of Legitimation in Western Democracies,”American Sociological Review, 54, 4, 682–706.
White, Stephen, 1979. Political Culture and Soviet Politics. London: Macmillan.
White, Stephen, 1983. “Political Communications in the USSR: Letters to Party, State and Press,”Political Studies, 31, 1, 43–60.
White, Stephen, 1996. Russia Goes Dry: Alcohol, State and Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
White, Stephen, 2006. “Russia and ‘Europe’: The Public Dimension.” In Allison, R., White, S. and Light, M., Putin's Russia and the Enlarged Europe. Oxford: Wiley Blackwell and Royal Institute of International Affairs, 130–159.
White, Stephen, 2009. “Is There a Pattern?,”Journal of Communist Studies and Transition Politics, 25, 2–3, 396–412.
White, Stephen, 2010. “Classifying Russia's Politics.” In White, S., Sakwa, R. and Hale, H. E., eds., Developments in Russian Politics 7. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 263–282.
White, Stephen, 2011. Understanding Russian Politics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
White, Stephen, Rose, Richard and McAllister, Ian, 1997. How Russia Votes. Chatham, NJ: Chatham House.
Whitefield, Stephen, 2009. “Russian Citizens and Russian Democracy,”Post-Soviet Affairs, 25, 2, 93–117.
Wigell, Mikael, 2008. “Mapping ‘Hybrid Regimes’: Regime Types and Concepts in Comparative Politics,”Democratization, 15, 2, 230–250.
Wilson, Kenneth, 2006. “Party-System Development Under Putin,”Post-Soviet Affairs, 22, 4, 314–348.
Wilson, Kenneth, 2009. “Party-System Reform in Democracy's Grey Zone: A Response to Moraski,”Government and Opposition, 44, 2, 188–207.
Winiecki, Jan, 1988. The Distorted World of Soviet-Type Economies. London: Routledge.
,World Bank, 2010a. Russian Economic Report No. 22. Washington, DC: World Bank.
,World Bank, 2010b. Russian Economic Report No. 23. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Yakovlev, Alexander N., 2002. A Century of Violence in Soviet Russia. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Young, Peyton, 1998. Individual Strategy and Social Structure: An Evolutionary Theory of Institutions. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Metrics

Altmetric attention score

Full text views

Total number of HTML views: 0
Total number of PDF views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

Book summary page views

Total views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

* Views captured on Cambridge Core between #date#. This data will be updated every 24 hours.

Usage data cannot currently be displayed.