The previous chapters pinpointed a new form of the ancient relationship between ‘slavery’ and ‘alienation’ emerging at the origins of psychoanalysis in the form of the relationship between drug-addiction and sexuality. The first chapter also showed how this emergence was coterminous with Freud's forced transition from scientific experimentation to linguistic interlocution; that is, it entailed Freud's departure from a strictly scientific field and directed him into situations that, while never abandoning a guiding ideal of science, required supplementation by the extra-scientific armature derived from a form of attentiveness to ‘literature’. In terms of the ‘therapy’ offered by psychoanalysis, this required – as the subsequent history of psychoanalysis testifies – a shift from the pharmacological dosing of patients by state-ratified medical experts to the free associations of lay analysis.