In this chapter, we begin with a question about permissibility, not culpability. We introduce a puzzle that has received scant attention in the literature: whether it is permissible to prevent “optimific wrongs.” We offer our solution to it and then use its complexity to revisit a question to which we gave a brief answer in Crime and Culpability and continued to examine in Chapter 6 – namely, if one gets questions of morality wrong, is one’s moral mistake culpable? Here we pay particular attention to the interaction between deontological constraints, consequentialist balancing, and culpability.