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13 - Where epistemology, style, and grammar meet literary history: the development of represented speech and thought

from Part IV - Interpretation, reported speech, and metapragmatics in the Western tradition

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 January 2010

Ann Banfield
Affiliation:
University of California, Berkeley
John A. Lucy
Affiliation:
University of Pennsylvania
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Summary

Poetry and eloquence are both alike the expression or utterance of feeling. But … eloquence is heard, poetry is overheard. Eloquence supposes an audience; the peculiarity of poetry appears to us to lie in the poet's utter unconsciousness of a listener.

J. S. Mill, “What is poetry?”

No poem is intended for the reader, no picture for the beholder, no symphony for the listener.

Walter Benjamin, “The task of the translator”

I can be using language in the strictest sense with no intention of communicating. Though my utterances have a definite meaning, their normal meaning, nevertheless my intentions with regard to an audience may shed no light on their meaning. But communication is only one function of language, and by no means an essential one.

Noam Chomsky, Reflections on language

Language and communication

The development of a stylistic form which exists nowhere in the spoken language presents a problem for historical linguistics and literary history. If, as is often supposed, “un style écrit ne se renouvelle … que par un contact avec la parole,” then how does such an unspoken form arise? Is it a natural form or an artificial distortion? If natural, why does it appear at a given historical moment?

The assumption that natural linguistic change occurs only in speech — with writing preserving outmoded forms — is due to the modern assumption that the spoken language is the repository of all forms generated by the synchronic grammar.

Type
Chapter
Information
Reflexive Language
Reported Speech and Metapragmatics
, pp. 339 - 364
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 1993

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