Late Antiquity, it has long been assumed, is the historical period in which we first observe the widespread rise of religious intolerance.1 Hand in hand with this view goes the premise that there is a direct causal relationship between religious intolerance and religious violence. That is, intolerance leads to conflict; conflict leads to violence.2 Late Antiquity, in which Constantine’s conversion to Christianity is viewed as a watershed moment,3 is thus the period to which scholars look to observe religious violence and its origins.4 In the past decade and a half there has been a move to unpack these entrenched ideas, with a growing number of scholars concluding that these assumed relationships – between the rise of Christianity and religious intolerance, and between religious intolerance and religious violence – are neither inevitable nor simple.