Remote Compositional Analysis Techniques for Understanding Spectroscopy, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry of Planetary Surfaces
Book contents
- Remote Compositional Analysis
- Cambridge Planetary Science
- Remote Compositional Analysis
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- Foreword
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Part I Theory of Remote Compositional Analysis Techniques and Laboratory Measurements
- 1 Electronic Spectra of Minerals in the Visible and Near-Infrared Regions
- 2 Theory of Reflectance and Emittance Spectroscopy of Geologic Materials in the Visible and Infrared Regions
- 3 Mid-infrared (Thermal) Emission and Reflectance Spectroscopy
- 4 Visible and Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy
- 5 Spectroscopy of Ices, Volatiles, and Organics in the Visible and Infrared Regions
- 6 Raman Spectroscopy
- 7 Mössbauer Spectroscopy
- 8 Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
- 9 Neutron, Gamma-Ray, and X-Ray Spectroscopy
- 10 Radar Remote Sensing
- Part II Terrestrial Field and Airborne Applications
- Part III Analysis Methods
- Part IV Applications to Planetary Surfaces
- Index
- References
4 - Visible and Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy
Laboratory Spectra of Geologic Materials
from Part I - Theory of Remote Compositional Analysis Techniques and Laboratory Measurements
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 November 2019
Book contents
- Remote Compositional Analysis
- Cambridge Planetary Science
- Remote Compositional Analysis
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- Foreword
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Part I Theory of Remote Compositional Analysis Techniques and Laboratory Measurements
- 1 Electronic Spectra of Minerals in the Visible and Near-Infrared Regions
- 2 Theory of Reflectance and Emittance Spectroscopy of Geologic Materials in the Visible and Infrared Regions
- 3 Mid-infrared (Thermal) Emission and Reflectance Spectroscopy
- 4 Visible and Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy
- 5 Spectroscopy of Ices, Volatiles, and Organics in the Visible and Infrared Regions
- 6 Raman Spectroscopy
- 7 Mössbauer Spectroscopy
- 8 Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
- 9 Neutron, Gamma-Ray, and X-Ray Spectroscopy
- 10 Radar Remote Sensing
- Part II Terrestrial Field and Airborne Applications
- Part III Analysis Methods
- Part IV Applications to Planetary Surfaces
- Index
- References
Summary
Visible/near-infrared (VNIR) reflectance spectra are used in laboratory, field, and airborne studies to characterize geologic materials. This chapter covers the region 0.3–5 µm and describes the species responsible for the absorption of radiation at specific wavelengths that create spectral features used to identify minerals, rocks, and other geologic materials. Fe contributes greatly to VNIR spectral signatures, producing features near 1 and 2 µm for Fe2+ in spectra of pyroxene and glass, while a broad, strong band from ~0.9 to 1.3 µm is characteristic of Fe2+ in olivine, carbonate, and many sulfates; a weak band near 1.2 µm is due to Fe2+ in feldspar; and bands near 0.6 and 0.9 µm arise from Fe3+ in ferric oxides/hydroxides. Water bands occur near 0.96, 1.15, 1.4, 1.9, and 2.9 µm, depending on the mineral structure, while structural OH bands occur near 1.4, 2.1–2.5, and 2.7 µm. Additional features are observed for carbonates, nitrates, sulfates, phosphates, chlorides, and perchlorates. The spectral signatures of geologic samples are also affected by how photons interact with particles in the sample. Factors such as grain size, coatings and mixtures influence the reflectance, transmittance, and absorption of photons at grain boundaries and contribute to the VNIR spectral properties of geologic materials.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Remote Compositional AnalysisTechniques for Understanding Spectroscopy, Mineralogy, and Geochemistry of Planetary Surfaces, pp. 68 - 101Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2019
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