I BEGIN with John Knox's famous assessment of motherhood because it vividly encapsulates the contradictions inherent in early modern constructions of maternity. Woman's punishment as a daughter of Eve required her suffering in childbirth and justified her subservience to her husband, but motherhood was also a source of redemption. An “honour” that confirmed God's strength, maternity proved to be a “site where a form of female authority that exceeds the domestic and redeems the curse of Eve intersects with a tradition of apocalyptic hope, gentle iconoclasm, and moderate Puritan dissent,” in the words of Catherine Gray.

Unfortunately, besides a few diary entries and letters, we have very little record of women's specific experience of motherhood, particularly of pregnancy and childbirth. Since men were not allowed in the birthing room and yet were writing most of the books on midwifery, we have very little material recounting women's own childbirth experiences. Although conduct manuals prescribe motherly behavior and mother's advice books offer a public expression of solicitude and sometimes even political authority, they provide very little description of the actual events of pregnancy.