DON FRANCO CONTINUED straight away with an episode that related how the mixture of residents in Qaqachaka, with their ethnic and class differences, attempted to overcome these by becoming literate, learning to read and write in a nearby paying school. It is as if Don Franco senses the need to explain that some of the first Qaqachakas were literate men instead of merely campesinos. The episode tells of the acquaintance of two friends who went to this same school together: Ayra Chinche, from Pukuwata, and Lujano Choquecallati, originally from Condo before taking up his residence in Qaqachaka. Don Franco names the teacher in passing as Pedro Coñaque, although he had certain doubts about this.

This episode happens in the context of the first ancestors of the ayllu having served as mitayos in the colonial mining mit’a, when they had already sworn oaths of possession of the Qaqachaka lands. Having sworn their oaths, the Qaqachakas began to throw out the previous inhabitants of these lands, who had belonged to other ayllus. Even the important ancestor, Don Ayra, faced this kind of problem in his own path:

At one point Don Franco remarked on the long occupation that the Choquecallatis descended from this ancestor had in the place, but how they eventually changed their names to Ovando, after a baptismal godfather.