Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-68ccn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-09T18:32:40.797Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

1 - Many Ancient Greek Occupations, but Few Professions

from Part I - Professionals and Professional Identity in Greece and Rome

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 September 2020

Edmund Stewart
Affiliation:
University of Nottingham
Edward Harris
Affiliation:
University of Durham
David Lewis
Affiliation:
University of Edinburgh
Get access

Summary

We now know that in Classical Athens there were as many as 200 occupations. This essay shows that not all occupations enjoyed an equal amount of status and prestige. Four occupations are studied: actors, especially those in the Associations of Dionysiac Artists, philosophers, doctors, and sculptors. These occupations required extensive training and acquired some features associated with modern professions.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2020

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Acton, P., 2014. Poiesis: Manufacturing in Classical Athens. Oxford and New YorkGoogle Scholar
Aleshire, S., 1989. The Athenian Asklepieion: The People, their Dedications, and the Inventories. Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Aleshire, S., 1991. Asklepios at Athens: Epigraphic and Prosopographic Essays on the Athenian Healing Cults. Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Aneziri, S., 1997. Les synagonistes du théâtre grec. In Le Guen, ed., pp. 5371.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aneziri, S., 2001–2. A different guild of artists. Archaiognosia, 11, pp. 4755.Google Scholar
Aneziri, S., 2003. Die Vereine der Dionysischen Techniten im Kontext der hellenistischen Gesellschaft: Untersuchungen zur Geschichte, Organisation und Wirkung der hellenistischen Technitenvereine (= Historia Einzelschriften 52). Stuttgart.Google Scholar
Aneziri, S., 2007. The organization of music contests in the Hellenistic period and artists’ participation: an attempt at ‘classification’. In Wilson, ed., pp. 6784.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Arnaoutoglou, I., 2003. Thusias heneka kai sunousias: Private Religious Associations in Hellenistic Athens. Athens.Google Scholar
Beck, F. G., 1964. Greek Education, 450–350 B.C. London.Google Scholar
Bosnakis, D., 2014. Asklepieion and physicians: a preferential tool of Koan diplomacy. In Stampolidis and Tassoulas, eds., pp. 6075.Google Scholar
Bousquet, J., 1956. Inscriptions de Delphes. BCH, 80, pp. 547–97.Google Scholar
Cartledge, P., Cohen, E., and Foxhall, L. eds., 2002. Money, Land and Labour in Ancient Greece. London.Google Scholar
Catling, H. W. and Marchand, F. eds., 2010. Onomatologos: Studies in Greek Personal Names Presented to Elaine Matthews. Exeter.Google Scholar
Chaniotis, A., 1990. Zur Frage der Spezialisierung im griechischen Theater des Hellenismus und der Kaiserzeit auf der Grundlage der neue Prosopographie des dionysischen Techniten. Ktema, 15, pp. 89–10.Google Scholar
Cherniss, H., 1945. The Riddle of the Early Academy. Berkeley.Google Scholar
Coase, R. H., 1937. The nature of the firm. Economica, 4(16), pp. 386405.Google Scholar
Cohn-Haft, L., 1956. The Public Physicians of Ancient Greece. Northampton, MA.Google Scholar
Csapo, E., 2004. Some social and economic conditions behind the rise of the acting profession in the fifth and fourth centuries BC. In Hugionot, Hurlet, and Milanezi, eds., pp. 5376.Google Scholar
Csapo, E., 2010. Actors and Icons of the Ancient Theatre. Chichester.Google Scholar
Csapo, E. and Slater, W. 1995. The Context of Ancient Drama. Ann Arbor.Google Scholar
Csapo, E. and Wilson, P., 2015. Drama outside Athens in the fifth and fourth centuries BC. TC 7(2), pp. 316–95.Google Scholar
Davies, J. K., 1971. Athenian Propertied Families, 600–300 B.C. Oxford.Google Scholar
Davis, C. C., 2009. Pheidias: The Sculptures and Ancient Sources. Three volumes. London.Google Scholar
Dunand, J. C., 1986. Les associations dionysiaques au service du pouvoir lagide (IIIe s. av. J.-C. In L’association dionysiaque dans les sociétés anciennes: actes de la table ronde organisée par l’école française de Rome, Rome 24–25 mai 1984, pp. 85106.Google Scholar
Edelstein, E. J. and Edelstein, L., 1945. Asclepius: A Collection and Interpretation of the Testimonies. Baltimore.Google Scholar
Feyel, C., 2006. Les artisans dans les sanctuaires grecs aux époques classique et hellénistique. Athens.Google Scholar
Finley, M. I., 1999. The Ancient Economy, 2nd ed. Berkeley and Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Fraser, P. M., 1972. Ptolemaic Alexandria. Oxford.Google Scholar
Frederiksen, R., 2002. The Greek theatre: a typical building in the urban centre of the polis? In Nielsen, ed., pp. 65124.Google Scholar
Gabrielsen, V., 1987. The antidosis procedure in classical Athens. Classica et Medievalia, 37, pp. 99114.Google Scholar
Garyza, S., ed., 1996. Storia e Ecdotica dei Testi medici greci. Naples.Google Scholar
Garbarino., G., 1973. Roma e la filosofia greca dalle origine alla fine del II secolo a.C. Vol. 1.Turin.Google Scholar
Ghiron-Bistagne, P., 1976. Recherches sur les acteurs dans la Grèce antique. Paris.Google Scholar
Goodlett, V. C., 1989. Collaboration in Greek Sculpture: The Literary and Epigraphical Evidence. Unpublished PhD thesis, New York University.Google Scholar
Goodlett, V. C., 1991. Rhodian sculpture workshops. AJA, 95, pp. 669–81.Google Scholar
Haake, M., 2006. Ein athenisches Ehrendekret für Aristoteles? Die Rhetorik eines pseudo-epigraphischen Dokuments und die Logik seiner ‘Geschichte’. Klio, 88, pp. 328–50.Google Scholar
Haake, M., 2004. Documentary evidence, literary forgery or manipulation of historical documents? Diogenes Laertius and an Athenian honorary decree for Zeno of Citium. CQ, 54, pp. 470–83.Google Scholar
Haake, M., 2005. Das attische Bildhauer Demetrios, Sohn des Philon, aus Ptelea. ZPE, 153, pp. 127–30.Google Scholar
Haake, M., 2007. Der Philosoph in der Stadt: Untersuchungen zur öffentlichen Rede über Philosophen und Philosophie in den hellenistischen Poleis. Munich.Google Scholar
Haake, M., 2008. Das Gesetz des Sophokles und die Schliessung der Philosophenschulen in Athen unter Demetrios Poliorketes. In Hugonnard-Roche, ed., pp. 89112.Google Scholar
Habicht, C., 1994. Athen in Hellenistischen Zeit: Gesammelte Aufsätze. Munich.Google Scholar
Harland, P., 2018. ‘The most sacred society (thiasos) of the Pythagoreans’: philosophers forming associations. Journal of Ancient History, 7(1), pp. 207–32.Google Scholar
Harris, E. M., 1993. Lending and borrowing (review of P. Millett, Lending and Borrowing in Ancient Athens, Cambridge 1991). CR, 43, pp. 102–7.Google Scholar
Harris, E. M., 1995. Aeschines and Athenian Politics. Oxford and New York.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, E. M., 2002. Workshop, household and marketplace. In Cartledge, Cohen, and Foxhall, eds., pp. 6799.Google Scholar
Harris, E. M., Lewis, D. M., and Woolmer, M., eds., 2016. The Ancient Greek Economy: Markets, Households and City-States. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Harrison, A. R. W. 1971. The Law of Athens: Procedure. Oxford.Google Scholar
Hugoniot, C., Hurlet, F., and Milanezi, S., eds., 2004. Le statut de l’acteur dans l’antiquité grecque et romaine. Tours.Google Scholar
Hugonnard-Roche, H., ed., 2008. L’enseignement dans les mondes antiques et médiévaux: aspects institutionaux, juridiques, et pédagogiques. Paris.Google Scholar
Johnson, R., 1957. A note on the number of Isocrates’ pupils. AJP, 78, pp. 297300.Google Scholar
Jouanna, J., 1996. Un témoin méconnu de la tradition Hippocratique: l’Ambrosianus gr. 134(B 113 sup.), fol. 1–2 (avec un nouvelle édition du Serment et de la Loi. In Garyza, ed., pp. 253–72.Google Scholar
Kassel, R., 1985. Der Peripatetiker Prytanis. ZPE, 60, pp. 23–4.Google Scholar
von Kienle, W., 1961. Die Berichte über die Sukzession der Philosophen in der hellenistischen und späantiken Literatur. Berlin.Google Scholar
Knoepfler, D., 2010. Ménédème de Pyrrha, proxène de Delphes: contribution épigraphique à l’histoire d’un philosophe et de sa cité. In Catling and Marchand, eds., pp. 6581.Google Scholar
Kotlinska-Toma, A., 2014. Hellenistic Tragedy: Texts, Translations, and a Critical Survey. London.Google Scholar
Larson, M., 2013. The Rise of Professionalism: A Sociological Analysis, 2nd ed. New Brunswick.Google Scholar
Le Guen, B., 1995. Théâtre et cités à l’époque hellénistique. ‘Mort de la cité – mort du théâtre’? REG, 108, pp. 5990.Google Scholar
Le Guen, B., 2001. Les associations de Technites Dionysiaques à l’époque hellénistique. 2 vols. Nancy.Google Scholar
Le Guen, B., 2004. Le statut professionnel des acteurs grecs à l’époque hellénistique. In Hugionot, Hurlet, and Milanezi, eds., pp. 77–10.Google Scholar
Le Guen, B., ed., 1997. De la scène aux gradins: théâtre et représentations dramatiques après Alexandre le Grand (= Pallas 47). Toulouse.Google Scholar
Le Guen, B., ed., 2010. L’argent dans les concours du monde grec. Paris.Google Scholar
Lévy, E., 1967. Sondages à Lycosoura et date de Damophon. BCH, 91, pp. 518–45.Google Scholar
Lévy, E. and Marcadé, J., 1972. Au musée de Lycosoura. BCH, 96, pp. 9681004.Google Scholar
Lorber, C. and Hoover, O., 2003. An unpublished tetradrachm issued by the artists of Dionysus. NC, 163, pp. 5768.Google Scholar
Lynch, J. P., 1972. Aristotle’s School: A Study of a Greek Educational Institution. Berkeley and Los Angeles.Google Scholar
Malkin, I., Constantakopoulou, C., and Panagopoulou, K., eds., 2009. Greek and Roman Networks in the Mediterranean. London.Google Scholar
Marrou, H. I., 1982. A History of Education in Antiquity. Madison.Google Scholar
Massar, N., 2005. Soigner et servir: histoire sociale et culturelle de la médecine grecque à l’époque hellénistique. Paris.Google Scholar
Melfi, M., 2016. Damphon of Messene in the Ionian coast of Greece: making, re-making and updating cult statues in the second century BC. In Melfi and Bobou, eds., pp. 82105.Google Scholar
Melfi, M. and Bobou, O., eds., 2016. Hellenistic Sanctuaries: Between Greece and Rome. Oxford.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meritt, B. D., 1935. Greek inscriptions. Hesperia, 4, pp. 525–90.Google Scholar
Mikalson, J., 1975. The Sacred and Civil Calendar of the Athenian Year. Princeton.Google Scholar
Mikalson, J., 1998. Religion in Hellenistic Athens. Berkeley.Google Scholar
Millett, P., 1991. Lending and Borrowing in Ancient Athens. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Nielsen, T. H., ed., 2002. Even More Studies in the Ancient Greek Polis. Stuttgart.Google Scholar
North, D. C., 1991. Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Nutton, V., 1995. The medical meeting place. In van der Eijk, Horstmanshoff, and Schrijvers, eds., pp. 325.Google Scholar
Nutton, V., 2013. Ancient Medicine. London and New York.Google Scholar
Parker, R., 2004. New ‘Panhellenic’ festivals in Hellenistic Greece. In Schlesier and Zellman, eds., pp. 922.Google Scholar
Perrin-Saminadayar, E., 2007. Education, culture et société à Athènes: les acteurs de la vie culturelle athénienne (229–28). Paris.Google Scholar
Pfister, F., 1951. Die Reisebilde des Herakleides. Vienna.Google Scholar
Pleket, H. W., 1995. The social status of physicians in the Greco-Roman world. In van der Eijk, Horstmanshoff, and Schrijvers, eds., pp. 2734.Google Scholar
Poimenidou, E., 2015. Damophon in Olympia: some remarks on his date. In Theodropoulou Polychroniadis, Z and Evely, D, eds., Aegis: Essays in Mediterranean Archaeology Presented to Matti Egon by the Scholars of the Greek Archaeological Committee UK. Oxford, pp. 185190.Google Scholar
Prignitz., S., 2014. Bauurkunden und Bauprogramm von Epidauros (400–350): Asklepiostempel, Tholos, Kultbild, Brunnenhaus. Munich.Google Scholar
Psoma, S., 2009. Profitable Networks: Coinage, Panegyreis and Dionysiac Artists. In Malkin, Constantakopoulou, and Panagopoulou, eds., pp. 230–48.Google Scholar
Riethmüller, J. W., 2005. Asklepios: Heiligtümer und Kulte. Heidelberg.Google Scholar
Rigsby, K., 1996. Asylia: Territorial Inviolability in the Hellenistic World. Berkeley.Google Scholar
Robert, L., 1969–90. Opera Minora Selecta. 7 vols. Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Roebuck, C., 1951. The Asklepieion and Lerna (= Corinth XV). Princeton.Google Scholar
Ruffing, K., 2008. Die berufliche Spezialisierung in Handel und Handwerk: Untersuchungen zu ihrer Entwicklung und zu ihren Bedingungen in der römischen Kaiserzeit im östlichen Mittelmeerraum auf der Grundlage griechischer Inschriften und Papyri. 2 vols. Rahden.Google Scholar
Samama, E., 2003. Les médecins dans le monde grec: sources épigraphiques sur la naissance d’un corps médical. Geneva.Google Scholar
Samama, E., 2017. La médecine de guerre en Grèce ancienne. Turnhout.Google Scholar
Schlesier, R. and Zellman, U., eds., 2004. Mobility and Travel in the Mediterranean from Antiquity to the Middle Ages. Münster.Google Scholar
Smith, W. D., 1990. Hippocrates: Pseudepigraphic Writings. Leiden.Google Scholar
Stadter, P. A., 1989. A Commentary on Plutarch’s Pericles. Chapel Hill.Google Scholar
Stampolidis, N. C. and Tassoulas, Y., eds., 2014. Hygeia: Health, Illness and Treatment from Homer to Galen. Athens.Google Scholar
Stéphanis, I. E., 1988. Διονυσιακοί Τεχνίται: συμβολές στην προσωπογραφία του θεάτρου και της μουσικής των αρχαίων Ελλήνων. Heraklion.Google Scholar
Stewart, E., 2017. Greek Tragedy on the Move: The Birth of a Panhellenic Art Form c. 500–300 BC. Oxford.Google Scholar
Sutton, D. F., 1987. The theatrical families of Athens. AJP, 108, pp. 926.Google Scholar
Taylor, C. and Vlassopoulos, K., eds., 2015. Communities and Networks in the Ancient Greek World. Oxford.Google Scholar
Themelis, P., 1996. Damophon. Yale Classical Studies, 30, pp. 154–85.Google Scholar
Vahtikari, V., 2014. Tragedy Performances Outside Athens During the Late Fourth and Fifth Centuries. Helsinki.Google Scholar
van der Eijk, P. J., 2000–1. Diocles of Carystus: A Collection of the Fragments with Translation and Commentary. 2 vols. Leiden.Google Scholar
van der Eijk, P. J., Horstmanshoff, H. F. J. and Schrijvers, P. H., eds., 1995. Ancient Medicine in its Socio-Cultural Context. Amsterdam and Atlanta.Google Scholar
Van Nijf, O. N., 1997. The Civic World of Professional Associations in the Roman East. Amsterdam.Google Scholar
Von Staden, H., 1989. Herophilus: The Art of Medicine in Early Alexandria. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Whitehead, D., 1981. Xenocrates the metic. RhM, 124, pp. 223–44.Google Scholar
Wilamowitz-Moellendorf, U., 1881. Antigonos von Karystos. Berlin.Google Scholar
Wilson, P., 2000. The Athenian Institution of the Khoregeia: The Chorus, the City and the Stage. Cambridge.Google Scholar
Wilson, P., 2007. The Greek Theater and Festivals: Documentary Studies. Oxford.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×