Most of the following is written in the past tense, not because these peoples have ceased to exist, but rather because I am writing about the times the autobiographers remember.

The Achuar (AKA Jívaro) of the jungles of western Ecuador and northwestern Peru are one of four groups of the Jívaroan- speaking Indians. They were hunters and farmers. They were head- hunters and head- shrinkers as late as the 1950s. Their most frequent enemies were their closest relations, the Shuar.

The Alorese, aboriginal inhabitants of the island of Alor, south of Borneo, were slashand- burn farmers.

The Ammonites were traditional enemies of ancient Israel. They lived east of the Jordan River, in what is now the state of Jordan.

The Animal Tribe was a Chicano gang in East L.A.

The Apaches were nomads of eastern Arizona. They lived mainly on hunting and raiding, but they did do some farming, planting in the spring and returning for the small harvest. In the mid- nineteenth century, their favorite victims were Sonoran Mexicans, but they also raided such traditional enemies as the Navajo, the Pimas and the Papago.

The Arikara Indians, also known as Rees, farmed the Missouri River bottoms in South Dakota. They lived in small villages, 35 or so sod- covered lodges, until the eighteenth century, when warfare with westward- moving tribes, especially the Sioux, led them to concentrate in larger, fortified earth- lodge communities. They were loosely allied with the Mandans and Hidatsas. They traded with the Sioux, but often the Sioux simply raided Arikara villages for what they wanted (Parks 1996: 3– 4), since Arikaras were regarded as lacking courage and fierceness (Denig 1961: 60).

The Asmat lived in the swampy regions of southern New Guinea. They were headhunters and cannibals as late as 1959 (Zegwaard 1968: 421).

The Assiniboine were a large Siouan tribe of the northern Plains. They were hunter nomads. Their most important enemies were the Bloods, Piegans, Blackfoot, Teton Sioux and Crows. From time to time they also raided the agricultural villages of the Arikara, Mandan and Hidatsa.

The Ba-ila of Zambia were cattle herders. They took slaves in their raids until late in the nineteenth century.

The Balumba of Zambia were cattle herders.