Introduction

It is an honor and a pleasure to present my paper at this research conference honoring Professor Ryuzo Sato, a superb colleague and most productive scholar. His outstanding research analyzing production and technological change, Sato (1999a, 1999b) has been appreciated worldwide. Indeed, these topics play a central role in almost all models of industrial sectors and economies, including the models to be discussed below.

On the origins of the [Marshallian Macroeconomic Model] (MMM), in my experience it was a pleasure teaching undergraduate and graduate students the properties and uses of the Marshallian model of a competitive industry. On the other hand, teaching students macroeconomics was quite a different matter since there was no such comparable, operationally successful model available (See, e.g., Belongia and Garfinkel 1992 for an excellent review of alternative macroeconomic models, including monetarist, neo-monetarist, Keynesian, post-Keynesian, and real business cycle models and Fair 1992 and Zellner 1992, who pointed out that not enough empirical testing of alternative models had been done and more is needed to produce macroeconomic models that explain the past, predict well, and are useful in making policy.)