To most people, the word “research” brings to mind a white-coated scientist actively carrying out a laboratory experiment, conducting a survey, or sifting through statistical data. “Literature search,” on the other hand, summons an image of second-hand involvement, a desk-based worker compiling studies done by others. In reality, however, search and research are conjoined twins – a powerful duo, equally active and equally vital to one another’s vitality and success.

As is true for other siblings, one or the other of these twins may grow and develop more rapidly than the other at various stages. The first substantial writing that many beginning scientists produce is either a prospectus or progress report on their thesis or dissertation research, or a short journal article written jointly with their supervisor or major professor. Increasingly, a detailed prospectus that includes a literature review is being requested before research projects can begin. Likewise, in business and industry, a written proposal often must precede approval for research projects, and its worth can influence promotion and pay. In fact, one would be hard pressed to find any scientific profession that would not require checking published sources of information about a specific subject, integrating this information with one’s own ideas, and presenting one’s thoughts, findings, and conclusions effectively in a wider context. For these reasons and more, scientific writing really begins when you first reach past your own knowledge and experience to seek out, investigate, and use materials beyond your personal resources.