Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-7479d7b7d-pfhbr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-07-08T07:15:46.706Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Part II - Sustainable Development: Challenges and Opportunities

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 December 2021

Pak Sum Low
Affiliation:
Xiamen University Malaysia
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

Amul, G. (2013) Haze and air pollution: the potential health crisis. RSIS Commentary, 122, 13.Google Scholar
Arfan, A. (2016) Managing the impact of smoke haze disaster: response of civil society groups towards Jambi provincial government performance. Jurnal Bina Praja, 8, 5968.Google Scholar
Article 19 and CIJ (2007) A Haze of Secrecy: Access to Environmental Information in Malaysia. London, Article 19 and Centre for Independent Journalism.Google Scholar
ASEAN Secretariat (1976) Treaty of Amity and Cooperation in Southeast Asia. Jakarta, ASEAN.Google Scholar
ASEAN Secretariat (2008) Information on Fire and Haze. HazeOnline. Retrieved from http://haze.asean.org/about-us/information-on-fire-and-haze/ on 1 August 2009.Google Scholar
Caballero-Anthony, M. and Tian, G. (2015) ASEAN’s haze shroud: grave threat to human security. RSIS Commentary, 207, 13.Google Scholar
Campbell, L. B. (2005) The political economy of environmental regionalism in Asia. In Pempel, T. J. (ed.), Remapping East Asia: The Construction of a Region. Ithaca, Cornell University Press, pp. 216235.Google Scholar
Chooi, Y. H. and Yong, E. L. (2016) The influence of PM2.5 and PM10 on Air Pollution Index. Environmental Engineering, Hydraulics and Hydrology, 3, 112.Google Scholar
Dauvergne, P. (1998) The political economy of Indonesia’s 1997 forest fires. Australian Journal of International Affairs, 52, 1317.Google Scholar
De Pretto, L., Acreman, S., Ashfold, M. J., Mohankumar, S. K. and Campos-Arceiz, A. (2015) The link between knowledge, attitudes, and practises in relation to atmospheric haze pollution in Peninsular Malaysia. PLoS One, 10, 118.Google Scholar
Eaton, P. (2001) Policy implications and government responses to the fires and haze of 1997 and 1998. In Radojevic, M. and Eaton, P. (eds.), Forest Fires and Regional Haze in Southeast Asia. New York, Nova Science Publishers.Google Scholar
Eaton, P. and Radojevic, R. (2001) Forest Fires and Regional Haze in Southeast Asia. New York, Nova Science Publishers.Google Scholar
Forsyth, T. (2014) Public concerns about transboundary haze: a comparison of Indonesia, Singapore and Malaysia. Global Environmental Change, 25, 7686.Google Scholar
Ho, R. C., Zhang, M. W., Ho, C. S., Pan, F., Lu, Y. and Sharma, V. K. (2014) Impact of 2013 South Asian haze crisis: study of physical and psychological symptoms and perceived dangerousness of pollution level. BMC Psychiatry, 14, 18.Google Scholar
Hon, P. M. L. (1999) Singapore. In Glover, D. and Jessup, T. (eds.), Indonesia’s Fires and Haze: The Cost of Catastrophe. Singapore Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, pp. 5185.Google Scholar
Jones, W. (2014) Human security & ASEAN transboundary haze: an idea that never came. Journal of Alternative Perspectives in the Social Sciences, 5, 603623.Google Scholar
Koplitz, S., Mickley, L., Marlier, M., Buonocore, J., Kim, P., Liu, T., Sulprizio, M., DeFries, R., Jacob, D., Schwartz, J., Pongsiri, M. and Myers, S. (2016) Public health impacts of the severe haze in Equatorial Asia in September–October 2015: demonstration of a new framework for informing fire management strategies to reduce downwind smoke exposure. Environmental Research Letters, 11, 110.Google Scholar
Ku Yusof, K. M. K., Azid, A., Samsudin, M. S. and Jamalani, M. A. (2017) An overview of transboundary haze studies: the underlying causes and regional disputes on Southeast Asia region. Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, 13, 747753.Google Scholar
Laden, F., Neas, L. M., Dockery, D. W. and Shchwartz, J. (2000) Association of fine particulate matter from different sources with daily mortality in six U.S. cities. Environmental Health Perspectives, 108, 941947.Google Scholar
Latif, M. T., Othman, M., Idris, N., Juneng, L., Abdullah, A. M., Hamzah, W. P., Khan, M. F., Sulaiman, N. M. N., Jewaratnam, J., Aghamohammadi, N., Sahani, M., Chung, J. X., Ahamad, F., Amil, N., Darus, M., Varkkey, H., Tangang, F. and Jaafar, A. B. (2018) Impact of regional haze towards air quality in Malaysia: a review. Atmospheric Environment, 177, 2844.Google Scholar
Leiper, N. and Hing, N. (1998) Trends in Asia-Pacific tourism in 1997–98: from optimism to uncertainty. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 10, 245251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Letchumanan, R. (2015) Singapore’s Transboundary Haze Pollu-tion Act: silver bullet or silver lining? RSIS Commentary, 21, 13.Google Scholar
Lode, B., Schönberger, P. and Toussaint, P. (2016) Clean air for all by 2030? Air quality in the 2030 Agenda and in international law. Review of European, Comparative & International Environmental Law, 25, 2738.Google Scholar
Lu, X., Lin, C., Li, Y., Yao, T., Fung, J. C. H. and Lau, A. K. H. (2017) Assessment of health burden caused by particulate matter in Southern China using high-resolution satellite observation. Environment International, 98, 160170.Google Scholar
Lu, X., Yao, T., Fung, J. C. H. and Lin, C. (2016) Estimation of health and economic costs of air pollution over the Pearl River Delta region in China. The Science of the Total Environment, 566577, 134143.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Massey, B. (2000) How three Southeast-Asian newspapers framed the ‘haze’ of 1997–98. Asian Journal of Communication, 1, 7294.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mayer, J. (2006) Transboundary perspectives on managing Indonesia’s fires. The Journal of Environment & Development, 15, 202233.Google Scholar
McLellan, J. (2001) From denial to debate – And back again! Malaysian press coverage of the air pollution and ‘haze’ episodes, July 1997–July 1999. In Eaton, P. and Radojevic, M. (eds.), Forest Fires and Haze in Southeast Asia. New York, Nova Science Publishers, pp. 253262.Google Scholar
Ministry of Health (2015) Haze Subsidy Scheme. HealthHub. Retrieved from https://www.healthhub.sg/a-z/costs-and-financing/21/haze-subsidy-scheme on 30 December 2018.Google Scholar
Mohd Shahwahid, H. O. and Othman, J. (1999) Malaysia. In Glover, D. and Jessup, T. (eds.), Indonesia’s Fires and Haze: The Cost of Catastrophe. Singapore, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, pp. 2250.Google Scholar
Murdiyarso, D., Lebel, L., Gintings, A., Tampubolon, S., Heil, A. and Wasson, M. (2004) Policy responses to complex environmental problems: Insights from a science–policy activity on transboundary haze from vegetation fires in Southeast Asia. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 104, 4756.Google Scholar
Nazeer, N. and Furuoka, F. (2017) Overview of ASEAN environment, transboundary haze pollution agreement and public health. International Journal of Asia Pacific Studies, 13, 7394.Google Scholar
NEA (2018) Historical PSI readings. Resources. Retrieved from https://www.haze.gov.sg/resources/historical-readings on 3 January 2019.Google Scholar
Othman, J., Sahani, M., Mahmud, M. and Ahmad, M. (2014) Transboundary smoke haze pollution in Malaysia: inpatient health impacts and economic valuation. Environmental Pollution, 189, 194201.Google Scholar
Prideaux, B., Laws, E. and Faulkner, B. (2003) Events in Indonesia: Exploring the limits to formal tourism trends forecasting methods in complex crisis situations. Tourism Management, 24, 475487.Google Scholar
Quah, E. and Tan, T. S. (2015) When the haze doesn’t go away – Opinion Piece. Singapore, The Straits Times, 22 September.Google Scholar
Ruitenbeek, J. (1999) Indonesia. In Glover, D. and Jessup, T. (eds.), Indonesia’s Fires and Haze: The Cost of Catastrophe. Singapore, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, pp. 86129.Google Scholar
Saliluddin, S. (2015) Trans-boundary haze: The annual exo-‘dust’. International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences, 2, 19.Google Scholar
Salvo, A. (2017) Local Pollution Drives Global Pollution: Emissions Feedback via Residential Electricity Usage (under review).Google Scholar
Singapore Hansard (1998) ASEAN Environment Ministers’ Meeting (Progress towards addressing problems of fires and haze pollution. Parliament No. 9, Session No. 1. https://sprs.parl.gov.sg/search/report?sittingdate=20–04-1998.Google Scholar
Smith, A. L. (2004) ASEAN’s Ninth Summit: solidifying regional cohesion, advancing external linkages. Contemporary Southeast Asia, 26, 416.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tacconi, L. (2003) Fires in Indonesia: causes, costs, and policy implications. CIFOR Occasional Papers, 38, 134.Google Scholar
Tan, A. K. J. (2015) The ‘haze’ crisis in Southeast Asia: assessing Singapore’s Transboundary Haze Pollution Act. SSRN Electronic Journal, 2, 144.Google Scholar
Tan, D. and Bassano, M. (2014) Dissecting the Transboundary Haze Pollution Bill of Singapore. Unpublished paper, Columbia School of International and Public Affairs, New York, pp. 120.Google Scholar
Tay, S. (2010) Hardest path is only way forward – Opinion Piece. Singapore, Wild Singapore News, 29 October.Google Scholar
Teo, N. C. (2013) Haze: A matter of national emergency! – Opinion Piece. Kuala Lumpur, The Rocket, 25 June.Google Scholar
Varkkey, H. (2013) Regional cooperation, patronage, and the ASEAN agreement on transboundary haze pollution. International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 14, 6581.Google Scholar
Varkkey, H. (2016a) The Haze Problem in Southeast Asia: Palm Oil and Patronage. London, Routledge.Google Scholar
Varkkey, H. (2016b) Transboundary haze and human security in Southeast Asia: national and regional perspectives. Georgetown Journal of Asian Studies, 3, 4249.Google Scholar
Varkkey, H. and O’Reilly, P. (2019) Socio-political responses towards transboundary haze: The oil palm in Malaysia’s discourse. In Kukreja, S. (ed.), Southeast Asia and Environmental Sustainability in Context, Maryland, Lexington Books.Google Scholar
WHO (2007) A Safer Future: Global Public Health Security in the 21st Century. Geneva, World Health Organization.Google Scholar
Chen, Wong (2015a) Malaysia must use global standards to measure haze – Opinion Piece. Kuala Lumpur, Malay Mail, 27 September.Google Scholar
Chen, Wong (2015b) Both PM2.5 and PM10 are health measures and PM2.5 is a far superior measure. Press Statements. Retrieved from http://www.wongchen.com/2015/10/press-statement-both-pm2-5-and-pm10-are-health-measures-and-p2-5-is-a-far-superior-measure/ on 28 December 2018.Google Scholar
World Bank Group (2016) The Cost of Fire: An Economic Analysis of Indonesia’s 2015 Fire Crisis. Jakarta, World Bank.Google Scholar
WTTC (2015) Benchmarking Travel and Tourism: How Does Travel and Tourism Compare to Other Sectors? London, World Travel and Tourism Council.Google Scholar
Xia, Y., Guan, D., Jiang, X., Peng, L., Schroeder, H. and Zhang, Q. (2016). Assessment of socioeconomic costs to China’s air pollution. Atmospheric Environment, 139, 147156.Google Scholar

References

Archer, G. (1993) Biomass Resource Assessment. Pakistan Household Energy Strategy Study (HESS). Washington, DC, UNDP/WB.Google Scholar
Barnes, D. F., Kumar, P. and Openshaw, K. (2012) Cleaner Hearths, Better Homes: New Stoves for India and the Developing World. New Delhi, Oxford University Press and World Bank.Google Scholar
Bouwman, A. F. (ed.) (1990) Soils and the Greenhouse Effect: The Present Status and Future Trends Concerning the Effect of Soils and Their Cover on the Fluxes of Greenhouse Gas. New York, John Wiley and Son.Google Scholar
Bui Xuan, An, Preston, T. R. and Dolberg, F. (1997) The introduction of low-cost polyethylene tube biodigesters on small-scale farms in Vietnam. Livestock Research for Rural Development 9(2). https://www.lrrd.cipav.org.coGoogle Scholar
Dougherty, W. W. (1993) Firewood Markets in Pakistan: Supply, Distribution and Profitability. Washington, DC, HESS. UNDP/WB.Google Scholar
ESMAP (2005) Aide Memoire. Scoping Study for Biomass Energy Development in Xing’an Meng, Inner Mongolia. Washington, DC, World Bank.Google Scholar
FAO (1993) Forest resource assessment 1990: Tropical Countries. Forest Paper 112. Rome, FAO.Google Scholar
FAO (1993) Forest resource assessment (2001a) State of the World’s Forests 2001. Rome, FAO.Google Scholar
FAO (1993) Forest resource assessment (2001b) Annual (agricultural) Production. Vol. 55. Rome, FAO.Google Scholar
FAO (1993) Forest resource assessment (2001c) Agricultural Statistics. Rome, FAO.Google Scholar
FAO (1993) Forest resource assessment (2003) Wood Energy Information Analysis in Asia. Bangkok, Thailand, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific.Google Scholar
FAO (1993) Forest resource assessment (2010a) State of the World’s Forests 2010. Rome, FAO.Google Scholar
FAO (1993) Forest resource assessment (2010b) What woodfuels can do to mitigate climate change. FAO Forestry Paper, No. 162.Google Scholar
FAO (1993) Forest resource assessment (2010c) Global forest resource assessment 2010. Main report. FAO Forestry Paper, No. 163.Google Scholar
FAO (1993) Forest resource assessment (2014) Annual Agricultural Production 2000–2014. FAOSTAT 2014. Rome, FAO.Google Scholar
FAO (1993) Forest resource assessment (2015) Global forest resource assessment: Desk reference. FAO, Rome.Google Scholar
FAO (1993) Forest resource assessment (2018) State of the World’s Forests 2018. Forest Pathways to Sustainable Development. http://www.fao.org/state-of-forests/en/Google Scholar
Hall, D. O. and Rao, K. K. (1994) Photosynthesis (5th ed.). Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Haq, B. U. (1994) Sea Level Rise and Coastal Subsidence: Rates and Threats. ENVLW Technical Note No. 1. Washington, DC, World Bank.Google Scholar
IEA (2002) International Energy Agency: World Energy Statistics. Paris, France, IEA.Google Scholar
IEA (2010) World Energy Statistics. Paris, France, IEA.Google Scholar
IEA (2014) World Energy Statistics. Paris, France, IEA.Google Scholar
IEA (2015) World Energy Outlook 2015. Paris, France, IEA.Google Scholar
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2007) Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Working Group I Contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.Google Scholar
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2013) Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Working Group I Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WG1AR5_all_final.pdfGoogle Scholar
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2014a) Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Working Group II Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg2/Google Scholar
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2014b) Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Working Group III Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg3/, https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ipcc_wg3_ar5_full.pdfGoogle Scholar
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2018) Special Report on Global Warming. Geneva, Switzerland, IPCC Secretariat. https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/Google Scholar
Lal, R., Kimble, J., Levine, E. and Stewart, B. A. (eds.) (1995) Soil Management and Greenhouse Effect. London, CRC Lewis Publishers.Google Scholar
MNRE (Ministry of New and Renewable Energy). Annual Reports (2009–10, 2010–11, 2016–17, 2017–18). New Delhi, India.Google Scholar
Openshaw, K. (1983) An Inventory of Biomass in Kenya. Stockholm, Beijer Institute (Swedish Academy of Sciences).Google Scholar
Openshaw, K. (1997) Malawi: Biomass Energy Strategy Study. Washington, DC, and IRG, Washington, DC, World Bank.Google Scholar
Openshaw, K. (2000a) A review of Jatropha curcas: An oil plant of unfulfilled promise. Biomass and Bioenergy, 19, 115.Google Scholar
Openshaw, K. (2000b) Government of Benin/WB and GEF. A baseline survey of organic carbon in woody biomass and soils on different land-use types in the project areas. Benin: PGFTR Project. World Bank, Washington, DC.Google Scholar
Openshaw, K. (2004) Bangladesh: Biomass Energy Supply (draft report). UNDP/WB ESMAP. Washington, DC, World Bank.Google Scholar
Openshaw, K. (2010) Employment generation by biomass energy and its contribution to poverty alleviation in Malawi and other developing countries. Biomass and Bioenergy Journal, 34(3), 365378.Google Scholar
Ouerghi, A. (1993) Household Energy Demand: Consumption Patterns. Washington, DC, HESS. UNDP/WB.Google Scholar
Population Pyramid (2015) Population Pyramids of the World from 1950 to 2100. https://www.populationpyramid.net/Google Scholar
Ravindranath, N. H., Somashekar, H. I., Dasappa, S. and Jayasheela Reddy, C. N. (2004) Sustainable biomass power for rural India: Case study of biomass gasifier for village electrification. Current Science, 87(7), 932941.Google Scholar
Ren 21 (2010) Renewable global status report 2009. Ren 21 Secretariat, Paris, France.Google Scholar
Ren 21 (2018) Renewable global status report 2018. Ren 21 Secretariat, Paris, France.Google Scholar
RWEDP (Regional Wood Energy Development Programme) reports 1986–1997. Bangkok, Thailand, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific.Google Scholar
RWEDP (Regional Wood Energy Development Programme) reports (1986) Wood energy systems for rural and other industries – Sri Lanka. GCP/RAS/111/Net. Field document 4.Google Scholar
RWEDP (Regional Wood Energy Development Programme) reports (1988) Wood based energy systems in rural industries and village applications – Nepal Field document 11.Google Scholar
RWEDP (Regional Wood Energy Development Programme) reports (1990a) Trees and fuelwood from non-forest lands: A methodology for assessment – India Field document 23.Google Scholar
RWEDP (Regional Wood Energy Development Programme) reports (1990b) Wood energy systems for rural industries and village application. Regional expert consultation. GCP/RAS/131/Net. April 1990.Google Scholar
RWEDP (Regional Wood Energy Development Programme) reports (1990c) Rural energy appraisal. Workshop report. GCP/RAS/131/Net. July 1990.Google Scholar
RWEDP (Regional Wood Energy Development Programme) reports (1990d) Social forestry in integrated rural development and planning – Sri Lanka. GCP/RAS/131/Net. Field document 24.Google Scholar
RWEDP (Regional Wood Energy Development Programme) reports (1991) Wood fuel flows. Rapid rural appraisal in four Asian countries. GCP/RAS/131/Net. Field document 26.Google Scholar
RWEDP (Regional Wood Energy Development Programme) reports (1993) Patterns of commercial woodfuel supply, distribution and use in the city and province of Cebu, Philippines. Field document 42.Google Scholar
RWEDP (Regional Wood Energy Development Programme) reports (1997a) Review of wood energy data in RWEDP member countries. Field Document 47.Google Scholar
RWEDP (Regional Wood Energy Development Programme) reports (1997b) Regional study on wood energy today and tomorrow in Asia. Field Document 50.Google Scholar
RWEDP (1991–2001) Wood Energy News. Three volumes per year. Bangkok, Thailand, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific.Google Scholar
ScienceDirect (2019) Producer gas – An overview. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/producer-gasGoogle Scholar
Shetty, S. (2005) Essential crop/plant management for biofuels. Proceedings of the workshop ‘Alternative fuels and energy choices 2005’, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 7–8 December. Universal Network Intelligence Training PTE, Ltd., Singapore.Google Scholar
Soussan, J. (1991) Philippines Household Energy Strategy: Fuelwood Supply and Demand. UNDP/WB ESMAP. Washington, DC, World Bank.Google Scholar
UK Forestry Commission (1971) Forest management tables (metric). Forestry Commission Booklet No. 34. Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London. https://www.forestresearch.gov.uk/documents/6443/FCBK034.pdfGoogle Scholar
United Nations (2002) Energy Statistics Yearbook 2001. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. New York, United Nations.Google Scholar
United Nations (2005) Energy Statistics Yearbook 2004. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. New York, United Nations.Google Scholar
United Nations(2014) UN Country Classification. New York, United Nations.Google Scholar
World Bank (1992) World Development Report: Development and the environment.Google Scholar
World Bank (2000) World Development Report 2004. Washington, DC, World Bank.Google Scholar
World Bank (2003a) World Development Report 2003. Washington, DC, World Bank.Google Scholar
World Bank (2003b) Kazakhstan: Drylands Management Pilot Project. Washington, DC.Google Scholar
World Bank (2004) World Development Report 2000. Washington, DC, World Bank.Google Scholar
World Bank (2015a) World Bank open data. GDP country figures. https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/Google Scholar
World Bank (2015b) World Bank. The pump price for diesel fuel in US$/litre. https://datacatalog.worldbank.org/pump-price-diesel-fuel-us-liter-0Google Scholar

References

Banerjee, S. (2010) Towards a sustainable nuclear energy future. 35th Annual Symposium of the World Nuclear Association, 15–17 September, London. https://www.hcilondon.in/indiadigest/Issue320/pdf/6.pdfGoogle Scholar
BEE (Bureau of Energy Efficiency) (2017) Annual Report 2016–2017. https://beeindia.gov.in/content/annual-reportGoogle Scholar
Bhabha, H. J. and Prasad, N. B. (1958) A study of the contribution of atomic energy to a power programme in India. Proceedings of the Second United Nations International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy, Geneva, pp. 89101.Google Scholar
Bhaskar, U. (2018a) After power in all villages, next step is all households. Thursday, 3 May. https://www.livemint.com/Politics/cmw5WuVGTrDRexEqiet7uL/After-power-in-all-villages-next-step-is-all-households.htmlGoogle Scholar
Bhaskar, U. (2018b) Electricity reached all Indian villages on Saturday. Saturday, 28 April 2018. https://www.livemint.com/Industry/ORuZWrj6czTef21a2dIHGK/Electricity-reached-all-Indian-villages-on-Saturday.htmlGoogle Scholar
Bhaskar, U. (2018c) Wind power tariffs stay near record low of Rs 2.44/unit in SECI auction. 15 February. https://www.livemint.com/Industry/w1YII5apaYDLhM4jW5LaAO/Firms-bid-Rs244-per-unit-in-Indias-wind-power-auction.htmlGoogle Scholar
CEA (Central Electricity Authority) (2003) The Electricity Act, 2003. http://www.cercind.gov.in/Act-with-amendment.pdfGoogle Scholar
CEA (Central Electricity Authority) (2016) Report (Part A) on Advance National Transmission Plan for 2021–22. http://www.cea.nic.in/reports/others/ps/pspa2/ptp.pdfGoogle Scholar
CEA (Central Electricity Authority) (2018a) National Electricity Plan (Volume I), Generation. January. http://www.cea.nic.in/reports/committee/nep/nep_jan_2018.pdfGoogle Scholar
CEA (Central Electricity Authority) (2018b) Growth of the Electricity Sector in India from 1947–2017. http://www.cea.nic.in/reports/others/planning/pdm/growth_2017.pdfGoogle Scholar
CEA (Central Electricity Authority) (2018c) Monthly Executive Summary 2018. March. http://www.cea.nic.in/reports/monthly/executivesummary/2018/exe_summary-03.pdfGoogle Scholar
CEA (Central Electricity Authority) (2018d) Renewable Energy Generation Report. http://www.cea.nic.in/reports/monthly/renewable/2018/renewable-03.pdfGoogle Scholar
CEA (Central Electricity Authority) (2018e) Monthly Executive Summary 2018. July. http://www.cea.nic.in/reports/monthly/executivesummary/2018/exe_summary-07.pdfGoogle Scholar
CEEW (Council on Energy, Environment and Water) (2015) Access to clean cooking energy and electricity: Survey of States. http://ceew.in/pdf/CEEW-ACCESS-Report-29Sep15.pdfGoogle Scholar
Chakravarty, S. and Ahuja, D. R. (2016) Bridging the gap between intentions and contributions requires determined effort. Invited Guest Editorial in Current Science, 110(4), 475476.Google Scholar
DAE (Department of Atomic Energy) (2015) Government of India. http://www.dae.nic.in/writereaddata/parl/winter2015/rsus487.pdfGoogle Scholar
EESL (Energy Efficiency Services Limited) (2018) https://eeslindia.orgGoogle Scholar
FOWIND (Facilitating Offshore Wind in India Consortium) (2017) From zero to five GW: Offshore wind outlook for Gujarat and Tamil Nadu (2018–2032). http://gwec.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/FOWIND_2017_Final_Outlook_2032.pdfGoogle Scholar
GBD MAPS (Global Burden of Disease Major Air Pollution Sources Working Group) (2018) Burden of Disease Attributable to Major Air Pollution Sources in India. Health Effects Institute. https://www.healtheffects.org/publication/gbd-air-pollution-indiaGoogle Scholar
GIZ (GIZ Indo-German Energy Programme) (2017) Green Energy Corridors – Large-Scale Integration of Renewable Energy: Summary of findings and key recommendations. https://www.energyforum.in/fileadmin/user_upload/india/media_elements/publications/20190909_GEC_report/GIZ_Summary_Report.pdfGoogle Scholar
IEA (International Energy Agency) (2015) India Energy Outlook. OECD/IEA, Paris.Google Scholar
IRENA (International Renewable Energy Agency) (2017) Renewable energy prospects for India: A working paper based on Remap, 2017. http://www.irena.org/publications/2017/May/Renewable-Energy-Prospects-for-IndiaGoogle Scholar
IRENA (International Renewable Energy Agency) (2018) Renewable power generation costs in 2017. http://www.irena.org/publications/2018/Jan/Renewable-power-generation-costs-in-2017Google Scholar
Kittner, N., Lill, F. and Kammen, D. M. (2017) Energy storage deployment and innovation for the clean energy transition. Nature Energy, 2, article no. 17125, July. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.2017.125Google Scholar
Kraemer, S. (2017) Solar thermal power prices have dropped an astonishing 50% in six months. SolarPACES, October. http://www.solarpaces.org/solar-thermal-energy-prices-drop-half/Google Scholar
LiveMint (2017) Westinghouse: Bankruptcy in US won’t impact India nuclear power project. 27 October. https://www.livemint.com/Companies/nSIQTsQq5cSMb5omo8BQFN/Westinghouse-Bankruptcy-in-US-wont-impact-India-nuclear-po.htmlGoogle Scholar
MAE (Ministry of Atomic Energy) (2014) Unstarred Question No. 1655 in the Lok Sabha, answered on 3 December 2014 by the Minister of Atomic Energy, Government of India. http://164.100.47.194/Loksabha/Questions/QResult15.aspx?qref=7804&lsno=16Google Scholar
Martinez, J., Marti-Herrero, J., Villacis, S., Riofrio, A. J. and Vaca, D. (2017) Analysis of energy, CO2 emissions and economy of the technological migration for clean cooking in Ecuador. Energy Policy, 107, 182187.Google Scholar
MNRE (Ministry of New and Renewable Energy) (2010) Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission. https://mnre.gov.in/file-manager/UserFiles/mission_document_JNNSM.pdfGoogle Scholar
MNRE (Ministry of New and Renewable Energy) (2018) Annual Report, 2017–18. https://mnre.gov.in/file-manager/annual-report/2017–2018/EN/index.htmlGoogle Scholar
MOEFCC (Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change) (2008) India’s National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC). http://www.moef.nic.in/ccd-napccGoogle Scholar
Mohan, A. (2016) The future of nuclear energy in India. ORF Occasional Paper #98. Observer Research Foundation. August. https://www.orfonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/OccasionalPaper_98_NuclearEnergy.pdfGoogle Scholar
NEA and IAEA (Nuclear Energy Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency) (2016) Uranium 2016: Resources, Production and Demand. https://www.oecd-nea.org/jcms/pl_15004#:~:text=It%20offers%20updated%20information%20on,uranium%20supply%20and%20demand%20issues.Google Scholar
NREL (National Renewable Energy Laboratory, USA) (2017) Power System Operation Corporation Limited (India) and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (USA). Greening the Grid: Pathways to Integrate 175 Gigawatts of Renewable Energy into India’s Electric Grid, Vol. I and Vol. II. https://www.nrel.gov/analysis/india-renewable-integration-study.htmlGoogle Scholar
PC (Planning Commission, Government of India) Five Year Plans I through XII (1951, 1956, 1961, 1969, 1974, 1980, 1985, 1997, 2002, 2007, 2012) (chapters dealing with energy). New Delhi. https://niti.gov.in/planningcommission.gov.in/docs/plans/planrel/index.phpGoogle Scholar
PMO (Prime Minister’s Office) (2015) Revision of cumulative targets under National Solar Mission from 20,000 MW by 2021–22 to 1,00,000 MW. https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/news_updates/revision-of-cumulative-targets-under-national-solar-mission-from-20000-mw-by-2021-22-to-100000-mw/Google Scholar
PMO(Prime Minister’s Office) (2017) Cabinet approves construction of 10 units of India’s indigenous Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWR). 17 May. https://www.pmindia.gov.in/en/news_updates/cabinet-approves-construction-of-10-units-of-indias-indigenous-pressurized-heavy-water-reactors-phwr/#:~:text=In%20a%20significant%20decision%20to,Heavy%20Water%20Reactors%20(PHWR).Google Scholar
POSOCO (Power System Corporation) (2017) Corporate Plan 2017–18. https://posoco.in/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Corporate-Plan-2017–18.pdfGoogle Scholar
Prayas (Prayas Energy Group) (2017) Many sparks but little light: The rhetoric and practice of electricity sector reforms in India. http://www.prayaspune.org/peg/publications/item/332-many-sparks-but-little-light-the-rhetoric-and-practice-of-electricity-sector-reforms-in-india.htmlGoogle Scholar
PRIS (Power Reactor Information System) (2018) India: Power reactor information system. International Atomic Energy Agency. https://www.iaea.org/pris/CountryStatistics/CountryDetails.aspx?current=INGoogle Scholar
Private communication (2006) Private conversation of the second author with A. Gopalakrishnan, former Chairman of India’s Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB), in January in Singapore.Google Scholar
Private communication (2012) Private conversation of the second author with Rémy Autebert, Senior Executive Vice President (Asia), AREVA, on 2 September in Singapore.Google Scholar
Saubhagya (Pradhan Mantri Sahaj Bijli Har Ghar Yojana – ‘Saubhagya’) (2017) http://saubhagya.gov.in/Google Scholar
Sen, S. and Murali, A. (2018) The story of India’s flip-flops on its electric vehicle policy – and how it will hurt. The Factor Daily, 19 March. https://factordaily.com/india-u-turn-on-electric-vehicles-policy/Google Scholar
Sengupta, A. (2016) India’s nuclear liability regime is still up in the air. https://thewire.in/diplomacy/indias-nuclear-liability-regime-is-still-up-in-the-airGoogle Scholar
SIAM (Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers) (2018) Adopting pure electric vehicles: Key policy enablers. December 2017. http://www.siam.in/uploads/filemanager/114SIAMWhitePaperonElectricVehicles.pdfGoogle Scholar
Srinivasan, T. N. and Rethinaraj, T. S. Gopi (2013) Fukushima and thereafter: reassessment of risks of nuclear power. Energy Policy. 52, 726–736. January.Google Scholar
SRPC (Solar Rooftop Policy Coalition) (2016) Unleashing private investment in rooftop solar in India. http://shaktifoundation.in/report/solar-rooftop-policy-coalition/Google Scholar
UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change) (2015) India’s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution. http://www4.unfccc.int/ndcregistry/PublishedDocuments/India%20First/INDIA%20INDC%20TO%20UNFCCC.pdfGoogle Scholar
Wolfram, S. (2018) Mathematica 11.3 returns a geographical plot with locations of historically recorded seismic activities for a given country using a free-form input. https://www.wolframalpha.com/input/?source=frontpage-immediate-access&i=earthquakes+in+india+greater+than+6+last+30+yearsGoogle Scholar

References

ADB (2015) Gender Equality Results Case Study: Sri Lanka, Improving Connectivity to Support Livelihoods and Gender Equality. Manila, Philippines, ADB.Google Scholar
ADB (2018) Gender Equality and Social Inclusion Assessment of the Energy Sector: Enhancing Social Sustainability of Energy Development in Nepal. Manila, Philippines, ADB.Google Scholar
Agarwal, Bina. (1994) A Field of One’s Own: Gender and Land Rights in South Asia. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
ENERGIA (2015a) A Regional Gender Assessment of Energy Policies and Programmes in South Asia. The Hague, The Netherlands, International Network on Gender and Sustainable Energy.Google Scholar
ENERGIA (2015b) Sri Lanka Women Come Together in Producer Groups to Assemble LED Bulbs. The Hague, The Netherlands, International Network on Gender and Sustainable Energy.Google Scholar
FAO (1999) Gender aspect of woodfuel flows in Sri Lanka: A case study in Kandy District. Regional Wood Energy Development Project (RWEDP), Field Document No. 55, FAO Regional Office, Bangkok, Thailand. http://www.fao.org/3/X5668E/x5668e00.htmGoogle Scholar
Guruswamy, L. (2016) International Energy and Poverty: The Emerging Contours. London and New York, Routledge.Google Scholar
IEA (2010) Energy Poverty: How to Make Modern Energy Access Universal? Special Early Report on the World Energy Outlook 2010 for the UN General Assembly on the Millennium Development Goals. Paris, France, International Energy Agency.Google Scholar
IEA (2011) World Energy Outlook: Energy for All, Financing Access for the Poor. Paris, France, International Energy Agency.Google Scholar
IEA (2017) Energy Access Outlook 2017: From Poverty to Prosperity. https://www.iea.org/topics/energy-accessGoogle Scholar
ILO (2015) Key Indicators of the Labour Market (KILM) database. January 2015. https://www.ilo.org/global/statistics-and-databases/research-and-databases/kilm/lang--en/index.htmGoogle Scholar
Masse, R. and Samaranayaka, M. R. (2002) EnPoGen study in Sri Lanka. ENERGIA NEWS, 5(3), 1416.Google Scholar
Trace, S. (2016) Measuring access for different needs. In Guruswamy, L. (ed.), International Energy and Poverty: The Emerging Contours, pp. 160178. London and New York, Routledge.Google Scholar
UN Women (2015) Progress of the World’s Women 2015–2016: Transforming Economies, Realizing Rights. New York, UN Women.Google Scholar
UNDP (2010a) Power, Voice and Rights: A Turning Point for Gender Equality in Asia and the Pacific. Asia-Pacific Human Development Report. Colombo, Sri Lanka, UNDP, Regional Centre for Asia and the Pacific.Google Scholar
UNDP (2010b) Human Development Report, 2010. New York, UNDP.Google Scholar
UNDP (2016) Human Development Report, 2016. New York, UNDP.Google Scholar
United Nations (2005) The Energy Challenges for Achieving the Millennium Development Goals. New York, United Nations.Google Scholar
WHO (2007) Evaluation of the Costs and Benefits of Household Energy and Health Interventions at Global and Regional Levels. Geneva, Switzerland, World Health Organization.Google Scholar
WHO (2016) Population using solid fuels (estimates) data by country. Global Health Observatory data repository. Available from http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.135?lang=en.Google Scholar
Wickramasinghe, A. (2005) Gender, modern biomass energy technology and poverty. ENERGIA News Letter, Vol. 8, No. 2, December 2005, pp. 9–10. The Hague, The Netherlands, ENERGIA Secretariat. https://www.energia.org/cm2/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/en-2005-12.pdfGoogle Scholar
Wickramasinghe, A. (2009) Integrating biofuels into small farm operations for income and economic development. In Karlsson, G. and Banda, K. (eds.), Biofuels for Sustainable Rural Development and Empowerment of Women: Case Studies from Africa and Asia, pp. 3438. The Hague, The Netherlands, ENERGIA Secretariat.Google Scholar
Wickramasinghe, A. (2010) Biofuel: A green energy option for mitigating humanitarian crises of climate change. IUFRO World Series Volume 27, 11–13. Vienna, Austria, IUFRO Headquarters Secretariat.Google Scholar
Wickramasinghe, A. (2011) Energy access and transition to cleaner cooking fuels and technologies in Sri Lanka: issues and policy limitations. International Journal of Energy Policy, 39(12), 7,5677,574.Google Scholar
World Bank (2011) Engendering Development: Through Gender Equality in Rights, Resources and Voice. Washington, DC, World Bank.Google Scholar
World Bank (2012) World Development Report: Gender Equality and Development. Washington, DC, World Bank.Google Scholar
World Bank (2015) Progress towards Sustainable Energy, 2015. Global Tracking Framework Report. Washington, DC, World Bank.Google Scholar
World Economic Forum (2016) Global Gender Gap Report. Geneva, Switzerland.Google Scholar
World Rainforest Movement (2012) Monoculture tree plantations, jobs and work. Monthly bulletin, Issue 178, May 2012. https://wrm.org.uy/bulletins/issue-178Google Scholar

References

Adelhafidi, A., Babaghayou, I. M., Chabira, S. F. and Sebaa, M. (2015) Impact of solar radiation effects on the physicochemical properties of polyethylene (PE) plastic film. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 2,2102,217.Google Scholar
Ajavon, A. L., Bornman, J. F., Maranion, B. A., Paul, N. D., Pizano, M., Newman, P. A., Pyle, J. A., Ravishankara, A. R. and Woodcock, A. A. (2015) Synthesis of the 2014 Reports of the Scientific, Environmental Effects, and Technology and Economic Assessment Panels of the Montreal Protocol. United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Nairobi, pp. 127. ISBN 978–9966-076–16-8.Google Scholar
Andrady, A. L., Pandey, K. K., Heikkilä, A. M., Redhwi, H. H. and Torikai, A. (2019) Interactive effects of solar UV radiation and climate change on material damage. Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences (In Press). DOI: 10.1039/C8PP90065E.Google Scholar
Arblaster, J. M., Meehl, G. A. and Karoly, D. J. (2011) Future climate change in the Southern Hemisphere: competing effects of ozone and greenhouse gases. Geophysical Research Letters, 38(2), L02701, DOI: 10.1029/2010GL045384.Google Scholar
Assessment Report (2003) Environmental effects of ozone depletion and its interactions with climate change: 2002 assessment. Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, 2, 172.Google Scholar
Bain, J. A., Rusch, P. and Kline, B. E. (1943) The effect of temperature upon ultraviolet carcinogenesis with wave lengths 2,800–3,400 Å. Cancer Research, 3, 610612.Google Scholar
Bais, A. F., McKenzie, R. L., Bernhard, G., Aucamp, P. J., Ilyas, M., Madronich, S. and Tourpali, K. (2015) Ozone depletion and climate change: impacts on UV radiation. Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, 14(1), 1952.Google Scholar
Bais, A. F., Lucas, R. M., Bornman, J. F., Williamson, C. E., Sulzberger, B., Austin, A. T., Wilson, S. R., Andrady, A. L., Bernhard, G., McKenzie, R. L., Aucamp, P. J., Madronich, S., Neale, R. E., Yazar, S., Young, A. R., de Gruijl, F. R., Norval, M., Takizawa, Y., Barnes, P. W., Robson, T. M., Robinson, S. A., Ballaré, C. L., Flint, S. D., Neale, P. J., Hylander, S., Rose, K. C., Wängberg, S. Å., Häder, D.-P., Worrest, R. C., Zepp, R. G., Paul, N. D., Cory, R. M., Solomon, K. R., Longstreth, J., Pandey, K. K., Redhwi, H. H., Torikai, A. and Heikkila, A. M. (2018) Environmental effects of ozone depletion, UV radiation and interactions with climate change: update 2017, UNEP Environmental Effects Assessment Panel. Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, 17(2), 127179.Google Scholar
Bais, A. F., Bernhard, G., McKenzie, R. L., Aucamp, P. J., Young, P. J., Ilyas, M., Jöckel, P. and Deushi, M. (2019) Ozone-climate interactions and effects on solar ultraviolet radiation. Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences (In Press). DOI: 10.1039/c8pp90059 k.Google Scholar
Bancroft, B. A., Baker, N. J. and Blaustein, A. R. (2007) Effects of UVB radiation on marine and freshwater organisms: a synthesis through meta-analysis. Ecology Letters, 10(4), 332345.Google Scholar
Bandoro, J., Solomon, S., Donohoe, A., Thompson, D. W. and Santer, B. D. (2014) Influences of the Antarctic ozone hole on Southern Hemispheric summer climate change. Journal of Climate, 27(16), 6,2456,264.Google Scholar
Bornman, J. F., Barnes, P. W., Robinson, S. A., Ballaré, C. L., Flint, S. D. and Caldwell, M. M. (2015) Solar ultraviolet radiation and ozone depletion-driven climate change: effects on terrestrial ecosystems. Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, 14(1), 88107.Google Scholar
Bornman, J. F., Barnes, P. W., Robson, T. M., Robinson, S. A., Jansen, M. A. K., Ballaré, C. L. and Flint, S. D. (2019) Linkages between stratospheric ozone, UV radiation and climate change and their implications for terrestrial ecosystems. Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, 18(3), 681716. DOI: 10.1039/C8PP90061b.Google Scholar
Chipperfield, M. P., Bekki, S., Dhomse, S., Harris, N. R., Hassler, B., Hossaini, R., Steinbrecht, W., Thiéblemont, R. and Weber, M. (2017) Detecting recovery of the stratospheric ozone layer. Nature, 549, 211218.Google Scholar
Dillon, F. M., Chludil, H. D. and Zavala, J. A. (2017) Solar UV-B radiation modulates chemical defenses against Anticarsia gemmatalis larvae in leaves of field-grown soybean. Phytochemistry, 141, 2736.Google Scholar
Duc, H. N., Rivett, K., MacSween, K. and Le-Anh, L. (2017) Association of climate drivers with rainfall in New South Wales, Australia, using Bayesian model averaging. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 127(1–2), 169185.Google Scholar
Dykes, L. and Rooney, L. W. (2007) Phenolic compounds in cereal grains and their health benefits. Cereal Foods World, 52(3), 105111.Google Scholar
Freeman, R. G. and Knox, J. M. (1964) Influence of temperature on ultraviolet injury. Archives of Dermatology, 89, 858864.Google Scholar
Gillet, N. P. and Thompson, D. J. W. (2003) Simulation of recent southern hemisphere climate change. Science, 302, 273275.Google Scholar
Greco, A., Ferrari, F. and Maffezzoli, A. (2017) UV and thermal stability of soft PVC plasticized with cardanol derivatives. Journal of Cleaner Production, 164, 757764.Google Scholar
Hansen, J., Nazarenko, L., Ruedy, R., Sato, M., Willis, J., Del Genio, A., Koch, D., Lacis, A., Lo, K., Menon, S., Novakov, T., Perlwitz, J., Russell, G., Schmidt, G. A. and Tausnev, N. (2004) Earth’s energy imbalance: Confirmation and implications. Science, 308(5,727), 1,4311,435.Google Scholar
Harrison, J. W. and Smith, R. E. (2009) Effects of ultraviolet radiation on the productivity and composition of freshwater phytoplankton communities. Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, 8(9), 1,2181,232.Google Scholar
IPCC (2018) Summary for policymakers. In Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Pörtner, H. O., Roberts, D., Skea, J., Shukla, P. R., Pirani, A., Moufouma-Okia, W., Péan, C., Pidcock, R., Connors, S., Matthews, J. B. R., Chen, Y., Zhou, X., Gomis, M. I., Lonnoy, E., Maycock, T., Tignor, M. and Waterfield, T. (eds.), Global Warming of 1.5°C. An IPCC Special Report on the Impacts of Global Warming of 1.5°C above Pre-Industrial Levels and Related Global Greenhouse Gas Emission Pathways, in the Context of Strengthening the Global Response to the Threat of Climate Change, Sustainable Development, and Efforts to Eradicate Poverty. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.Google Scholar
Lim, E. P., Hendon, H. H., Arblaster, J. M., Delage, F., Nguyen, H., Min, S. K. and Wheeler, M. C. (2016a) The impact of the Southern Annular Mode on future changes in Southern Hemisphere rainfall. Geophysical Research Letters., 43(13), 7,1607,167.Google Scholar
Lim, E. P., Hendon, H. H., Arblaster, J. M., Chung, C., Moise, A. F., Hope, P., Young, G. and Zhao, M. (2016b) Interaction of the recent 50 year SST trend and La Niña 2010: amplification of the Southern Annular Mode and Australian springtime rainfall. Climate Dynamics, 47(7–8), 2,2732,291.Google Scholar
Llabrés, M., Agustí, S., Fernández, M., Canepa, A., Maurin, F., Vidal, F. and Duarte, C. M. (2013) Impact of elevated UVB radiation on marine biota: a meta-analysis. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 22(1), 131144.Google Scholar
Lubin, D., Arrigo, K. R. and van Dijken, G. L. (2004) Increased exposure of Southern Ocean phytoplankton to ultraviolet radiation. Geophysical Research Letters, 31, LO9304, DOI: 10.1029/2004GLO19633.Google Scholar
Lucas, R. M., Yazar, S., Young, A. R., Norval, M., de Gruijl, F. R., Takizawa, Y., Rhodes, L. E., Sinclair, C. A. and Neale, R. E. (2019) Human health in relation to exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation under changing stratospheric ozone and climate. Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, 18(3), 641680. DOI: 10.1039/C8PP90060D.Google Scholar
Mazza, C. A., Zavala, J., Scopel, A. L. and Ballaré, C. L. (1999) Perception of solar UVB radiation by phytophagous insects: behavioral responses and ecosystem implications. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 96, 980985.Google Scholar
McKenzie, R. L., Aucamp, P. J., Bais, A. F., Björn, L. O., Ilyas, M. and Madronich, S. (2011) Ozone depletion and climate change: impacts on UV radiation. Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, 10, 182198.Google Scholar
Newman, P. A., Oman, L. D., Douglass, A. R., Fleming, E. L., Frith, S. M., Hurwitz, M. M., Kawa, S. R., Jackman, C. H., Krotkov, N. A., Nash, E. R. and Nielsen, J. E. (2009) What would have happened to the ozone layer if chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) had not been regulated? Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 9(6), 2,1132,128.Google Scholar
Peng, S., Liao, H., Zhou, T. and Peng, S. (2017) Effects of UVB radiation on freshwater biota: a meta-analysis. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 26(4), 500510.Google Scholar
Polvani, L. M., Waugh, D. W., Correa, G. J. and Son, S.-W. (2011) Stratospheric ozone depletion: the main driver of twentieth-century atmospheric circulation changes in the Southern Hemisphere. Journal of Climate, 24(3), 795812.Google Scholar
Robinson, S. A. and Erickson, D. J. (2015) Not just about sunburn: the ozone hole’s profound effect on climate has significant implications for Southern Hemisphere ecosystems. Global Change Biology, 21(2), 515527.Google Scholar
Rosenfield, J. E., Douglass, A. R. and Considine, D. B. (2002) The impact of increasing carbon dioxide on ozone recovery. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 107(D6), 4049. DOI: 10.1029/2001JD000824.Google Scholar
Shindell, D. T., Rind, D. and Lonergan, P. (1998) Increased polar stratospheric ozone losses and delayed eventual recovery owing to increased greenhouse-gas concentrations. Nature, 392, 589592.Google Scholar
Smith, R. C., Prézelin, B. B., Baker, K. S., Bidigare, R. R., Boucher, N. P., Coley, T., Karentz, D., MacIntyre, S., Matlick, H. A., Menzies, D., Ondrusek, M., Wan, Z. and Waters, K. J. (1992) Ozone depletion: ultraviolet radiation and phytoplankton biology in Antarctic waters. Science, 255, 952959.Google Scholar
Thompson, D. W. and Solomon, S. (2002) Interpretation of recent Southern Hemisphere climate change. Science, 296(5,569), 895899.Google Scholar
Thompson, D. W., Solomon, S., Kushner, P. J., England, M. H., Grise, K. M. and Karoly, D. J. (2011) Signatures of the Antarctic ozone hole in Southern Hemisphere surface climate change. Nature Geoscience, 4(11), 741749.Google Scholar
Tolvaj, L., Popescu, C. M., Molnar, Z. and Preklet, E. (2015) Effects of air relative humidity and temperature on photodegradation processes in beech and spruce wood. BioResources, 11(1), 296305.Google Scholar
Umeno, A., Horie, M., Murotomi, K., Nakajima, Y. and Yoshida, Y. (2016) Antioxidative and antidiabetic effects of natural polyphenols and isoflavones. Molecules, 21(6), 708. DOI:10.3390/molecules21060708.Google Scholar
UNFCCC (2019b) The Kyoto Protocol – Status of Ratification. https://unfccc.int/process/the-kyoto-protocol/status-of-ratificationGoogle Scholar
van der Leun, J. C. and de Gruijl, F. R. (2002) Climate change and skin cancer. Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, 1, 324326.Google Scholar
van der Leun, J. C., Piacentini, R. D. and de Gruijl, F. R. (2008) Climate change and human skin cancer. Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences, 7(6), 730733.Google Scholar
Wargent, J. J. and Jordan, B. R. (2013) From ozone depletion to agriculture: understanding the role of UV radiation in sustainable crop production. New Phytologist, 197, 1,0581,076.Google Scholar
Wijffels, S., Roemmich, D., Monselesan, D., Church, J. and Gilson, J. (2016) Ocean temperatures chronicle the ongoing warming of Earth. Nature Climate Change, 6(2), 116118.Google Scholar
Williamson, C., Zepp, R., Lucas, R., Madronich, S., Austin, A. R., Ballaré, C. L., Norval, M., Sulzberger, B., Bais, A., McKenzie, R., Robinson, S., Häder, D-P. , Paul, N. D. and Bornman, J. F. (2014) Solar ultraviolet radiation in a changing climate. Nature Climate Change, 4, 434441.Google Scholar
Williamson, C. E., Neale, P. J., Hylander, S. Rose, K. C., Figuero, F. L., Robinson, S. A., Häder, D.-P., Wängberg, S.-Å. and Worrest, R. C. (2019) The interactive effects of stratospheric ozone depletion, UV radiation, and climate change on aquatic ecosystems. Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences (In Press). DOI: 10.1039/c8pp90062 k.Google Scholar
WMO (World Meteorological Organization) (2018) Executive Summary: Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2018, World Meteorological Organization, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project – Report No. 58. Geneva, Switzerland.Google Scholar
Wu, G., Bornman, J. F., Bennett, S. J., Clarke, M. W., Fang, Z. and Johnson, S. K. (2017a) Individual polyphenolic profiles and antioxidant activity in sorghum grains are influenced by very low and high solar UV radiation and genotype. Journal of Cereal Science, 77, 1723.Google Scholar
Wu, Y., Yue, F., Xu, J. and Beardall, J. (2017b) Differential photosynthetic responses of marine planktonic and benthic diatoms to ultraviolet radiation under various temperature regimes. Biogeosciences, 14(22), 5,0295,037.Google Scholar
Xiao, X., De Bettignies, T., Olsen, Y. S., Agusti, S., Duarte, C. M. and Wernberg, T. (2015) Sensitivity and acclimation of three canopy-forming seaweeds to UVB radiation and warming. PloS One, 10(12), e0143031.Google Scholar
Zavala, J. A., Mazza, C. A., Dillon, F. M., Chludil, H. D. and Ballaré, C. L. (2015) Soybean resistance to stink bugs (Nezara viridula and Piezodorus guildinii) increases with exposure to solar UV-B radiation and correlates with isoflavonoid content in pods under field conditions. Plant Cell Environment, 38(5), 920928.Google Scholar
Živkovic´, V., Arnold, M., Pandey, K. K., Richter, K. and Turkulin, H. (2016) Spectral sensitivity in the photodegradation of fir wood (Abies alba Mill.) surfaces: correspondence of physical and chemical changes in natural weathering. Wood Science and Technology, 50(5), 989–1,002.Google Scholar

References

Audet, R. (2013) Climate justice and bargaining coalitions: a discourse analysis. International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics, 13, 369396. DOI: 10.1007/s10784-012–9195-9.Google Scholar
Bäckstrand, K., Kuyper, J., Linnér, B. and Lövbrand, E. (2017) Non-state actors in global climate governance: from Copenhagen to Paris and beyond. Environmental Politics, 26(4), 561579. https://doi.org/10.1080/09644016.2017.1327485Google Scholar
Baptiste, A. and Rhiney, K. (2016) Climate justice and the Caribbean: an introduction. Geoform, 73, 1721.Google Scholar
Berchin, I, Valduga, I., Garcia, J. and de Andrade Guerra, J. (2017) Climate change and forced migrations: an effort towards recognizing climate refugees. Geoforum, 84, 147150. DOI: 10.1016/j.geoforum.2017.06.022. https://www.asil.org/insights/volume/14/issue/3/copenhagen-climate-change-accordGoogle Scholar
Bodansky, D. (2010) The Copenhagen Climate Change Accord. Insights (American Society of International Law), 16 February 2010.Google Scholar
Bowyer, P., Bender, S., Rechid, D. and Shaller, M. (2014) Adapting to Climate Change: Methods and Tools for Climate Risk Management. Climate Service Centre Report no. 17. http://www.climate-service-center.de/about/news_and_events/news/063446/index.php.enGoogle Scholar
Brito, L. and Stafford-Smith, M. (2012) State of the Planet Declaration. Planet Under Pressure: New Knowledge towards Solutions conference, London, 26–29 March 2012. http://www.igbp.net/download/18.6b007aff13cb59eff6411bbc/1376383161076/SotP_declaration-A5-for_web.pdfGoogle Scholar
Brundtland, G. H., Chairman, (1987) Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future. United Nations Documents, 1987. Reproduced in http://www.un-documents.net/wced-ocf.htm.Google Scholar
Busby, J. (2018) Warming world: why climate change matters more than anything else. Foreign Affairs, July/August 2018. https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2018–06-14/warming-worldGoogle Scholar
C2ES (2015) Outcomes of the U.N. Climate Change Conference in Paris. Centre for Climate and Energy Solutions, December 2015. https://www.c2es.org/site/assets/uploads/2015/12/outcomes-of-the-u-n-climate-change-conference-in-paris.pdfGoogle Scholar
C40 (2016) Roadmap for the Global Climate Action Agenda: View by the C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group. C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group, July 2016. https://unfccc.int/files/parties_observers/submissions_from_observers/application/pdf/626.pdfGoogle Scholar
CAIT (2018) CAIT Climate Data Explorer: Russian Federation. World Resources Institute, online database, 3 December 2018. https://climateactiontracker.org/countries/russian-federation/Google Scholar
Calliari, E. (2018) Loss and damage: A critical discourse analysis of parties’ positions in climate change negotiations. Journal of Risk Research, 21(6), 725747. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13669877.2016.1240706Google Scholar
CARO (2017) The Bonn-Fiji Commitment. Climate of local and regional leaders to deliver the Paris Agreement at all levels. COP 23, Bonn, 12 November 2017. https://www.uclg.org/sites/default/files/bonn-fiji-commitment-of-local-and-regional-leaders.pdfGoogle Scholar
CCCCC (2012) Small Island Developing States (SIDS) Sustainable Energy Initiative. Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre. http://www.caribbeanclimate.bz/ongoing-projects/2001–2012-sids-dock.htmlGoogle Scholar
Chivers, D. (2012) Sustainability for sale? The unofficial guide to Rio + 20. New Internationalist, 453, June 2012, 1619.Google Scholar
Climate Analytics (2018) Paris Agreement Ratification Tracker. Climate Analytics. Access via https://climateanalytics.org/ (accessed 13 July 2018).Google Scholar
COP (2007) Report of the Conference of the Parties on its Twelfth Session, Held at Nairobi from 6 to 17 November 2006. UN, Conference of the Parties, January 2007. Access via http://unfccc.int/Google Scholar
Curran, G. (2011) Modernising climate policy in Australia: climate narratives and the undoing of a Prime Minister. Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 29(6), 1,004–1,117.Google Scholar
Curtis, S. (2015) Commentary – A foreign policy for cities? Global Insight. The Chicago Council on Global Affairs, 1 December 2015. https://www.thechicagocouncil.org/blog/global-insight/foreign-policy-global-citiesGoogle Scholar
Diesendorf, M. and Hamilton, C. (1997) Human Ecology, Human Economy: Ideas for an Ecologically Sustainable Future. Sydney, Allen and Unwin.Google Scholar
Eastwood, L. (2011) Climate change negotiations and civil society participation: shifting and contested terrain. Theory in Action, 4(1), 837.Google Scholar
EC (2018) EU-China Leaders’ Statement on Climate Change and Clean Energy. European Commission. Beijing, 16 July 2018. https://ec.europa.eu/clima/sites/clima/files/news/20180713_statement_en.pdfGoogle Scholar
ECLAC (2018) The Caribbean Outlook 2018 (LC/SES.37/14/Rev.1). Santiago: Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. https://repositorio.cepal.org/bitstream/handle/11362/43581/4/S1800607_en.pdfGoogle Scholar
Edwards, G., Cavelier Adarve, I., Bustos, M. and Roberts, J. (2017) Small group, big impact: how AILAC helped shape the Paris Agreement. Climate Policy, 17(1), 7185. DOI: 10.1080/14693062.2016.1240655.Google Scholar
EPI (2016) 2016 Report: Key Findings. Environmental Performance Index. Yale Centre for Environmental Law and Policy (Yale University) and Centre for International Earth Science Information Network (Columbia University). http://epi.yale.edu/chapter/key-findingsGoogle Scholar
EPI (2018) 2018 Environmental Performance Index: Executive Summary. Yale Centre for Environmental Law and Policy (Yale University) and Centre for International Earth Science Information Network (Columbia University). https://epi.envirocenter.yale.edu/downloads/epi2018policymakerssummaryv01.pdfGoogle Scholar
EPI (2020) Results Overview. In Environmental Performance Index. Yale Centre for Environmental Law and Policy (Yale University) and Centre for International Earth Science Information Network (Columbia University), 2020. https://epi.yale.edu/epi-results/2020/component/epiGoogle Scholar
ESI (2005) 2005 Environmental Sustainability Index: Benchmarking National Environmental Stewardship. New Haven, CT. Yale Centre for Environmental Law and Policy (Yale University) and Centre for International Earth Science Information Network (Columbia University). http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/es/esi/ESI2005_Main_Report.pdfGoogle Scholar
Evan, S. and Timperley, J. (2018) Bonn climate talks: Key outcomes from the May 2018 climate conference. Carbon Brief, 11 May 2018. https://www.carbonbrief.org/bonn-climate-talks-key-outcomes-from-the-may-2018-un-climate-conferenceGoogle Scholar
Fehling, M., Nelson, B. and Venkatapuram, S. (2013) Limitations of the Millennium Development Goals: a literature review. Global Public Health, 8(10), 1,109–1,122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2013.845676Google Scholar
Ferguson, R. J. and Dellios, R. (2018) Between development and sustainability: adaptation strategies for China and Indonesia. In Roy, K. and Kar, S. (eds.), Developmental State and Millennium Development Goals, pp. 257284. New Jersey, World Scientific.Google Scholar
FS-UNEP (2018) Global Trends in Renewable Energy Investment 2018. Frankfurt am Main, Frankfurt School, UNEP Centre/ BNEF. http://www.iberglobal.com/files/2018/renewable_trends.pdfGoogle Scholar
Gewirtzman, J., Natson, S., Richards, J., Hoffmeister, V., Durand, A., Weikmans, R., Huq, S. and Roberts, J. (2018) Financing loss and damage: reviewing options under the Warsaw International Mechanism. Climate Policy, 18(8), 1,076–1,086. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2018.1450724Google Scholar
GIZ (2017) Climate change realities in Small Island Developing States in the Caribbean. Bonn, Deutsche Gessellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH. https://www.adaptationcommunity.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/Grenada-Study.pdfGoogle Scholar
Gupta, J. and Chaudhary, J. (2014) Walk the talk on climate, BASIC Group tells developed countries. India Climate Dialogue, 8 August 2014. http://indiaclimatedialogue.net/2014/08/08/walk-talk-climate-basic-group-tells-developed-countries/Google Scholar
Haas, P. M. (2014) The enduring relevance of international regimes. E-International Relations, 22 January 2014. https://www.e-ir.info/2013/01/22/the-enduring-relevance-of-international-regimes/Google Scholar
Hall, N. (2017) Six things New Zealand’s new government needs to do to make climate refugee visas work. The Conversation, 30 November 2017. https://theconversation.com/six-things-new-zealands-new-government-needs-to-do-to-make-climate-refugee-visas-work-87740Google Scholar
Henderson, G. and Joffe, P. (2016) China’s climate action: looking back, and looking ahead to the 13th five-year plan. China FAQs, 3 March 2016. https://www.wri.org/blog/2016/03/chinas-climate-action-looking-back-and-looking-ahead-13th-five-year-planGoogle Scholar
Hingley, R. (2017) ‘Climate refugees’: an Oceanic perspective. Asia and the Pacific Policy Studies, 4(1), 158165. DOI: 10.1002/app5.163.Google Scholar
Hulme, D. (2009) The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs): A Short History of the World’s Biggest Promise. BWPI Working Paper 100. Brooks World Poverty Institute, University of Manchester, September 2009. http://hummedia.manchester.ac.uk/institutes/gdi/publications/workingpapers/bwpi/bwpi-wp-10009.pdfGoogle Scholar
ICA (2012) Global Water Security. Intelligence Community Assessment. Office of the Director of National Intelligence (USA), 2 February 2012. https://www.dni.gov/files/documents/Special%20Report_ICA%20Global%20Water%20Security.pdfGoogle Scholar
IEA (2017) Perspectives for the Energy Transition: Investment Needs for a Low-Carbon Energy System. Paris, International Energy Agency. https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2017/Mar/Perspectives_for_the_Energy_Transition_2017.pdf?la=en&hash=56436956B74DBD22A9C6309ED76E3924A879D0C7Google Scholar
IEA (2018) Global Energy and CO2 Status Report 2017. Paris, International Energy Agency, March 2018. https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/GECO2017.pdfGoogle Scholar
IISS (International Institute for Strategic Studies) (2010) Copenhagen Accord faces first test. Strategic Comments, 16(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.1080/13567881003718500Google Scholar
Ingalls, M. L. and Dwyer, M. B. (2016) Missing the forest for the trees? Navigating the trade-offs between mitigation and adaptation under REDD. Climatic Change, 136, 353366.Google Scholar
IPCC (2011) Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/03/SRREN_Full_Report-1.pdfGoogle Scholar
IPCC (2012) Managing the Risks of Extreme Events and Disaster to Advance Climate Change Adaptation. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/03/SREX_Full_Report-1.pdfGoogle Scholar
IPCC (2014a) Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Geneva, Switzerland, IPCC. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/SYR_AR5_FINAL_full.pdfGoogle Scholar
IPCC (2014b) Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Access via https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/climate-change-2014-mitigation-of-climate-change/81F2F8D8D234727D153EC10D428A2E6DGoogle Scholar
IPCC (2014c) Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/WGIIAR5-PartA_FINAL.pdfGoogle Scholar
IPCC (2016) Decision IPCC/XLIV-4. Sixth Assessment Report (AR6) Products, Outline of the Special Report on 1.5°C. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/11/Decision_Outline_SR_Oceans.pdfGoogle Scholar
IPCC (2019) Global Warming of 1.5°C: An IPCC Special Report on the Impacts of Global Warming of 1.5°C Above Pre-industrial Levels and Related Global Greenhouse Gas Emission Pathways, in the Context of Strengthening the Global Response to the Threat of Climate Change, Sustainable Development, and Efforts to Eradicate Poverty, ed. Masson-Delmotte, V., et al. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/06/SR15_Full_Report_High_Res.pdfGoogle Scholar
IRENA (2017), REmap 2030 Renewable Energy Prospects for Russian Federation, Working paper, IRENA, Abu Dhabi. https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2017/Apr/IRENA_REmap_Russia_paper_2017.pdfGoogle Scholar
Jarju, P. O. (2016) Climate diplomacy delivered Paris: Now it’s time to up the stakes. Climate Home, 25 February 2016. http://www.climatechangenews.com/2016/02/25/climate-diplomacy-delivered-paris-now-its-time-to-up-the-stakes/Google Scholar
Jordan, A. and Brown, K. (1997) The international dimensions of sustainable development. In Auty, R. M. and Brown, K. (eds.), Approaches to Sustainable Development, pp. 370–295. London, Pinter.Google Scholar
Kanie, N., Hass, P., Andresen, S., Auld, G., Cashore, B., Chesek, P., de Oliveira, J., Renckens, S., Stokke, O., Stevens, C., Van Deveer, S. and Iguchi, M. (2013) Green pluralism: lessons for improved environmental governance in the 21st century. Environment, 55(5), 1430.Google Scholar
Kates, R. W. and Parris, T. M. (2003) Long-term trends and a sustainability transition. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science, 100(14), 8062-8067. https://www.pnas.org/content/100/14/8062Google Scholar
Kemp, L. (2017) US-proofing the Paris Climate Agreement. Climate Policy, 17(1), 86101.Google Scholar
Kettunen, M., Charveriat, C., Farmer, A., Gionfra, S., Schweitzer, J. P. and Stainforth, T. (2018) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) at the UN High Level Political Forum (HLPF), New York, 16–18 July 2018. European Parliament Briefing. https://ieep.eu/uploads/articles/attachments/4080637c-161f-4926-b73e-335846fd066d/ENVI%202018-13%20SDG%20Briefing%20PE%20619.026%20(Publication).pdf?v=63698104097Google Scholar
Keong, C. Y. (2018) From Stockholm Declaration to Millennium Development Goals: the United Nation’s journey to environmental sustainability. In Roy, K. and Kar, S. (eds.), Developmental State and the Millennium Development Goals: Country Experiences, pp. 209256. Singapore, World Scientific.Google Scholar
Koppenborg, F. (2017) Will the silent comeback of coal threaten Japan’s climate goals? East Asia Forum, 6 April 2017. http://www.eastasiaforum.org/2017/04/06/will-the-silent-comeback-of-coal-threaten-japans-climate-goals/Google Scholar
Korppoo, A. and Kokorin, A. (2017) Russia’s 2020 GHG emissions target: emission trends and implementation. Climate Policy, 17(2), 113130. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2015.1075373Google Scholar
Leadership Group (2015) Indicators and a Monitoring Framework for Sustainable Development Goals: Launching a Data Revolution for the SDGs. A Report by the Leadership Council of the Sustainable Development Solutions Network. Sustainable Development Solutions Network, 16 January 2015. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/2013150612-FINAL-SDSN-Indicator-Report1.pdfGoogle Scholar
Li, Anthony H. F. (2016) Hopes of limiting global warming? China and the Paris Agreement on climate change. China Perspectives, No. 1, 2016: 4954.Google Scholar
Li, Z., Galeano Galván, M., Ravesteijn, W. and Qi, Z. (2017) Towards low carbon based economic development: Shanghai as a C40 city. Science of the Total Environment, 576, 538548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.034Google Scholar
Low, P. S. (2018) Climate change: International negotiations and politics. Research seminar, Faculty of Science and Design, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia, 27 July 2018.Google Scholar
Magnan, A., Schipper, E., Burkett, M., Bharwani, S., Burton, I., Eriksen, S., Gemenne, F., Schaar, J. and Ziervogel, G. (2016) Addressing the risk of maladaptation to climate change. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 7(5), 646665. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.409Google Scholar
Massai, L. (2010) The long way to the Copenhagen Accord: the climate change negotiations in 2009. Review of European Community and International Environmental Law, 19(1), 104121.Google Scholar
Mazo, J. (2010) Climate Conflict: How Global Warming Threatens Security and What To Do About It. Adelphi Paper, No. 409. London, International Institute for Strategic Studies.Google Scholar
Mead, L. (2015) Human security and climate change. SDG Knowledge Hub, 27 January 2015. http://sdg.iisd.org/commentary/policy-briefs/human-security-and-climate-change/Google Scholar
MEE (2018) Joint Statement Issued at the Conclusion of the 26th BASIC Ministerial Meeting on Climate Change, Durban, South Africa. Department of Environmental Affairs, Republic of South Africa and Ministry of Ecology and Environment, People’s Republic of China, 20 May 2018. https://www.environment.gov.za/mediarelease/jointstatement_conclusionof26thbasicministerialmeetingGoogle Scholar
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005) Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Synthesis. Washington, DC, Island Press. https://www.millenniumassessment.org/documents/document.356.aspx.pdfGoogle Scholar
Morton, K. (2011) Climate change and security at the third pole. Survival, 53(1), 121132.Google Scholar
Muggah, R. (2013) The fragile city arrives. E-International Relations, 23 November 2013. https://www.e-ir.info/2013/11/23/the-fragile-city-arrives/Google Scholar
Nicholas, S. and Buckley, T. (2017) Japanese thermal coal consumption approaching long term decline. Institute for Energy Economic and Financial Analysis Report. July 2019. http://ieefa.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Japan_Coal_July-2019.pdfGoogle Scholar
Oberthur, S. and Groen, L. (2017) Explaining goal achievement in international relations: the EU and the Paris Agreement on climate change. Journal of European Public Policy, 24, 120. DOI: 10.1080/13501763.2017.1291708.Google Scholar
OECD (2018) Policy Coherence for Sustainable Development 2018: Towards Sustainable and Resilient Societies. Paris, OECD Publishing.Google Scholar
Pulwarty, R., Nurse, L. and Trotz, U. (2010) Caribbean islands in a changing climate. Environment, 52(6), 1627.Google Scholar
Raustiala, K. (1997) States, NGOs, and international environmental institutions. International Studies Quarterly, 4(41), 719740.Google Scholar
Rooji, B., Stern, R. E. and Furst, K. (2016) The authoritarian logic of regulatory pluralism: understanding China’s new environmental actors. Regulation and Governance, 10(1), 313.Google Scholar
Rosewarne, S. (2016) The transnationalization of the Indian coal economy and Australian political economy: the fusion of regimes of accumulation? Energy Policy, 99, 214223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2016.05.022Google Scholar
Schmidt, J. R. (2008) Why Europe leads on climate change. Survival, 50(4), 8396.Google Scholar
Schreurs, M. (2012) Rio + 20: Assessing progress to date and future challenges. Journal of Environment and Development, 21(1), 1923.Google Scholar
Sembiring, M. (2018) The case for a dedicated regional mechanism for climate change: a comparative assessment. NTS Insight, IN18-04. http://www.rsis.edu.sg/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/NTS-insight-Climate-Change.pdfGoogle Scholar
Steffen, A. (2012) How to save the global economy: Build green cities. Foreign Policy, January-February 2012. https://foreignpolicy.com/2012/01/03/how-to-save-the-global-economy-build-green-cities/Google Scholar
Szabo, S., Nicholls, R., Neumann, B., Renaud, F., Matthews, Z., Sebesvari, Z., Kouchak, A., Bales, R., Ruktanonchai, C., Kloos, J., Foufoula-Georgiou, E., Wester, P., New, M., Rhyner, J. and Hutton, C. (2016) Making SDGs work for climate change hotspots. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 58(6), 2433.Google Scholar
Thirawat, N., Udompol, S. and Ponjan, P. (2016) Disaster risk reduction and International catastrophe risk insurance facility. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 22(7), 1,021–1,039. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-016–9711-2Google Scholar
Timperley, J. (2018) The carbon brief profile: Japan. Carbon Brief, 25 June 2018. https://www.carbonbrief.org/carbon-brief-profile-japanGoogle Scholar
UN (1972) Report of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment. Stockholm, 5–16 June 1972. http://www.un-documents.net/aconf48-14r1.pdfGoogle Scholar
UN (1992) United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/conveng.pdfGoogle Scholar
UN (2009) Report of the Conference of the Parties on Its Fifteenth Session, Held in Copenhagen from 7 to 19 December 2009– Addendum Part Two: Action Taken by the Conference of the Parties at Its Fifteenth Session. UNFCCC, 30 March 2009. https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2009/cop15/eng/11a01.pdfGoogle Scholar
UN (2013) A New Global Partnership: Eradicate Poverty and Transform Economies Through Sustainable Development. New York, United Nations Publications. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/8932013–05%20-%20HLP%20Report%20-%20A%20New%20Global%20Partnership.pdfGoogle Scholar
UN (2015a) Resolution Adopted by the General Assembly on 25th of September 2015, 70/1. Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. A/RES/70/1. New York, United Nations General Assembly. https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/generalassembly/docs/globalcompact/A_RES_70_1_E.pdfGoogle Scholar
UN (2015b) Adoption of the Paris Agreement. Paris, United Nations, Conference of Parties, Twenty-First Session, 30 November to 11 December 2015. https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2015/cop21/eng/l09r01.pdfGoogle Scholar
UN(2019) What is the Paris Agreement. United Nations Climate Change: Process and Meetings, 2019. https://unfccc.int/process/the-paris-agreement/what-is-the-paris-agreement-0Google Scholar
UN Secretary-General (2014) The Road to Dignity by 2030: Ending Poverty, Transforming All Lives and Protecting the Planet. Synthesis Report of the Secretary-General on the Post-2015 Agenda. New York. http://www.un.org/disabilities/documents/reports/SG_Synthesis_Report_Road_to_Dignity_by_2030.pdfGoogle Scholar
UNCTAD (2017) World Investment Report 2017. Geneva, United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/wir2017_en.pdf?user=46Google Scholar
UNDP (2017) Global Trends: Challenges and Opportunities in the Implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals. United Nations Development Programme and United Nations Research Institute for Social Development. http://www.undp.org/content/dam/undp/library/SDGs/English/Global%20Trends_UNDP%20and%20UNRISD_FINAL.pdfGoogle Scholar
UNDP (2018) A Climate Resilient, Zero-Carbon Future: The UNDP’s Vision for Sustainable Development through the Paris Agreement. United Nations Development Programme, 2018. http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/librarypage/climate-and-disaster-resilience-/Climatecommittment.htmlGoogle Scholar
UNEP (2010) Latin America and the Caribbean: Atlas of Our Changing Environment. United Nations Environment Programme. Access via https://na.unep.net/atlas/lac/book.php.Google Scholar
UNEP (2016a) The Emissions Gap Report 2016. Nairobi, United Nations Environment Programme. https://www.unenvironment.org/resources/emissions-gap-report-2016Google Scholar
UNEP (2016b) The Adaptation Finance Gap Report 2016. Nairobi, United Nations Environment Programme. http://www.unep.org/climatechange/adaptation/gapreport2016/Google Scholar
UNEP (2017a) The Adaptation Gap Report: Towards Global Assessment. Nairobi, United National Environment Programme. https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/22172/adaptation_gap_2017.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=yGoogle Scholar
UNEP (2017b) The Emissions Gap Report: A UN Environment Synthesis Report. Nairobi, United National Environment Programme. http://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/22070/EGR_2017.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=yGoogle Scholar
UNESCAP (2017a) Responding to Climate Change Challenge in Asia and the Pacific: Achieving the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). Bangkok, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/Download.pdfGoogle Scholar
UNESCAP (2017b) Integrating Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation into the Agriculture Sector in Small Island Developing States in the Pacific: A Policy Note. Bangkok, United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/publication_WEBdrr01_Agri.pdfGoogle Scholar
UNFCCC (2012) Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol. UNFCCC Files, 2012. https://unfccc.int/files/kyoto_protocol/application/pdf/kp_doha_amendment_english.pdfGoogle Scholar
UNFCCC (2014) Report of the Conference of the Parties on Its Nineteenth Session. Warsaw, 11–23 November 2013, distributed 31 January 2014. http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2013/cop19/eng/10a01.pdf#page=6Google Scholar
UNFCCC (2015a) INDCs as communicated by parties: Submissions. http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/indc/Submission%20Pages/submissions.aspxGoogle Scholar
UNFCCC (2015b) Historical Paris Agreement on climate change: 195 nations set path to keep temperature rise well below 2 degrees Celsius. UN Climate Change Newsroom, 13 December 2015. https://unfccc.int/news/finale-cop21Google Scholar
UNFCCC (2015c) Cities and regions across the world unite to launch major five-year vision to take action on Climate Change. UN Climate Change News, 8 December 2015. https://unfccc.int/news/lpaa-focus-cities-regions-across-the-world-unite-to-launch-major-five-year-vision-to-take-action-on-climate-changeGoogle Scholar
UNFCCC (2016) Aggregate Effect of the Intended Nationally Determined Contributions: An Update. United Nations, 2 May 2016. http://unfccc.int/resource/docs/2016/cop22/eng/02.pdfGoogle Scholar
UNFCCC (2017) Concrete climate action commitments at COP 23. United Nations Climate Change. https://unfccc.int/news/concrete-climate-action-commitments-at-cop23Google Scholar
UNFCCC (2018) Urgency underlined as Bonn climate talks close. United Nations Climate Change. https://unfccc.int/news/urgency-underlined-as-bonn-climate-talks-closeGoogle Scholar
UNFCCC (2019) National Determined Contributions (NDCs). United Nations Climate Change. https://unfccc.int/process/the-paris-agreement/nationally-determined-contributions/ndc-registry#eq-2Google Scholar
UNGA (1992) Rio Declaration on Environment and Development. UN General Assembly, Report on the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3–14 June 1992. https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/migration/generalassembly/docs/globalcompact/A_CONF.151_26_Vol.I_Declaration.pdfGoogle Scholar
UNGA (2000) 55/2. United Nations Millennium Declaration. New York, United Nations General Assembly. https://www.ohchr.org/EN/ProfessionalInterest/Pages/Millennium.aspxGoogle Scholar
UNGA (2015) Transforming Our World: The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 25 September 2015. http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=A/RES/70/1&Lang=EGoogle Scholar
UNISDR (2015) Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030. Geneva, United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. http://www.preventionweb.net/files/43291_sendaiframeworkfordrren.pdfGoogle Scholar
Usher, P. (1989) World conference on the changing atmosphere: Implications for global security – The conference statement. February 1989. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 31(1), 2527.Google Scholar
Vidaurri, F. (2015) Renewable energy and investment in ASEAN. ASEAN Briefing, 4 November 2015. http://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/2015/11/04/renewable-energy-and-investment-in-asean.htmlGoogle Scholar
Viola, E., Franchini, M. and Ribeiro, T. (2012) Climate governance in an international system under conservative hegemony: the role of major powers. Revista Brasileira de Política Internaciona, 55, 929.Google Scholar
WEF (2014) Climate Adaptation: Seizing the Challenge. Geneva, World Economic Forum. http://www3.weforum.org/docs/GAC/2014/WEF_GAC_ClimateChange_AdaptationSeizingChallenge_Report_2014.pdfGoogle Scholar
Winkler, H. and Depledge, J. (2018) Fiji-in-Bonn: will the ‘Talanoa Spirit’ prevail? Climate Policy, 18(2), 141145. https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2018.1417001Google Scholar
World Bank (2017) Southeast Asian countries reach milestone agreement to strengthen resilience. https://www.worldbank.org/en/events/2017/05/05/southeast-asian-countries-reach-milestone-agreementGoogle Scholar
Zeng, M., Liu, X., Li, Y. and Peng, L. (2014) Review of renewable energy investment and financing in China: Status, mode, issues and countermeasures. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 31, 2337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.11.026Google Scholar

References

Adger, W. N. (1999) Exploring income inequality in rural, coastal Vietnam. Journal of Development Studies, 35, 96119.Google Scholar
Adger, W. N. (2000) Institutional adaptation to environmental risk under the transition in Vietnam. Annals of the Association of American Geographers, 90(4), 738758.Google Scholar
Adger, W. N. and Kelly, P. M. (1999) Social vulnerability to climate change and the architecture of entitlements. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 4, 253266.Google Scholar
Adger, W. N. and Kelly, P. M. (2001) Social vulnerability and resilience. In Adger, W. N., Kelly, P. M. and Ninh, Nguyen Huu (eds.), Living with Environmental Change: Social Vulnerability, Adaptation and Resilience in Vietnam, pp. 1934. London, Routledge.Google Scholar
Adger, W. N., Kelly, P. M. and Ninh, Nguyen Huu (eds.) (2001a) Living with Environmental Change: Social Vulnerability, Adaptation and Resilience in Vietnam. London, Routledge.Google Scholar
Adger, W. N., Kelly, P. M., Nguyen, Huu Ninh and Thanh, Ngo Cam (2001b) Property rights, institutions and resource management: coastal resources under doi moi. In Adger, W. N., Kelly, P. M. and Ninh, Nguyen Huu (eds.), Living with Environmental Change: Social Vulnerability, Adaptation and Resilience in Vietnam, pp. 7992. London, Routledge.Google Scholar
Adger, W. N., Kelly, P. M., Winkels, A., Huy, Luong Quang and Locke, C. (2002) Migration, remittances, livelihood trajectories and social resilience. Ambio, 31(4), 358366.Google Scholar
Appa Rao, S., Bounphanousay, C., Schiller, J. M., Alcantara, A. P. and Jackson, M. T. (2002) Naming of traditional rice varieties by farmers in the Lao PDR. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 49, 8388.Google Scholar
Beckman, M., Le, Van An and Le, Quang Bao (2002) Living with Floods. Coping and Adaptation Strategies of Households and Local Institutions in Central Vietnam. SEI REPSI Report Series No. 5. Stockholm, Stockholm Environment Institute.Google Scholar
Blaikie, P., Cannon, T., Davis, I. and Wisner, B. (1994) At Risk: Natural Hazards, People’s Vulnerability and Disasters. London, Routledge.Google Scholar
Brooks, N., Adger, W. N. and Kelly, P. M. (2005) The determinants of vulnerability and adaptive capacity at the national level and the implications for adaptation. Global Environmental Change, 15(2), 151163.Google Scholar
Comfort, L., Wisner, B., Cutter, S., Pulwarty, R., Hewitt, K., Oliver-Smith, A., Wiener, J., Fordham, M., Peacock, W. and Krimgold, F. (1999) Reframing disaster policy: the global evolution of vulnerable communities. Environmental Hazards, 1(1), 3944.Google Scholar
Cruz, R. V., Harasawa, H., Lal, M., Wu, S., Anokhin, Y., Punsalmaa, B., Honda, Y., Jafari, M., Li, C. and Nguyen Huu, Ninh (2007) Asia. In Parry, M. L., Canziani, O. F., Palutikof, J. P., van der Linden, P. J. and Hanson, C. E. (eds.), Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, pp. 469506. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ar4-wg2-chapter10-2.pdfGoogle Scholar
Dasgupta, S., Laplante, B., Meisner, C., Wheeler, D. and Yan, J. (2009) The impact of sea level rise on developing countries: a comparative analysis. Climatic Change, 93(3), 379388.Google Scholar
Dierberg, F. E. and Kiattisimkul, W. (1996) Issues, impacts and implications of shrimp aquaculture in Thailand. Environmental Management, 20, 649666.Google Scholar
Drakakis-Smith, D. and Kilgour, A. (2001) Sustainable urbanisation and environmental issues in Vietnam. In Adger, W. N., Kelly, P. M. and Ninh, Nguyen Huu (eds.), Living with Environmental Change: Social Vulnerability, Adaptation and Resilience in Vietnam, pp. 213233. London, Routledge.Google Scholar
Eriksen, S. and Kelly, P. M. (2007) Developing credible vulnerability indicators for policy assessment. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 12(4), 495524.Google Scholar
Eriksen, S., Brown, K. and Kelly, P. M. (2005) The dynamics of vulnerability: locating coping strategies in Kenya and Tanzania. Geographical Journal, 171(4), 287305.Google Scholar
Hewitt, K. (1997) Regions of Risk: A Geographical Introduction to Disaster. Harlow, UK, Longman.Google Scholar
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2007) Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, Summary for Policymakers. Geneva, IPCC. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/2018/02/ar4-wg2-spm-1.pdfGoogle Scholar
Kelly, P. M. and Adger, N. W. (2000) Theory and practice in assessing vulnerability to climate change and facilitating adaptation. Climatic Change, 47(4), 325352.Google Scholar
Kelly, P. M., Hoang, Minh Hien and Tran, Viet Lien (2001) Responding to El Niño and La Niña: averting tropical cyclone impacts. In Adger, W. N., Kelly, P. M. and Ninh, Nguyen Huu (eds.), Living with Environmental Change: Social Vulnerability, Adaptation and Resilience in Vietnam, pp. 154181. London, Routledge.Google Scholar
Kingdom of Cambodia (2002a) National Poverty Reduction Strategy 2003–2005. Phnom Penh, Council for Social Development.Google Scholar
Kingdom of Cambodia (2002b) Initial National Communication under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Phnom Penh, Ministry of Environment.Google Scholar
Kingdom of Cambodia (2003) Cambodia Millennium Development Goals Report 2003. Phnom Penh, Ministry of Planning.Google Scholar
Kite, G. (2001) Modelling the Mekong: Hydrological simulation for environmental impact studies. Journal of Hydrology, 253(1–4), 113.Google Scholar
Lal, M., Harasawa, H. and Murdiyarso, D. (2001) Asia. In McCarthy, J. J., Canziani, O. F., Leary, N. A., Dokken, D. J. and White, K. S. (eds.), Climate Change 2001: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, pp. 533590. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lao People’s Democratic Republic (2004) National Growth and Poverty Eradication Strategy (NGPES). Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic.Google Scholar
Leef, A. (2001) Sustainable agriculture in the northern uplands: attitudes, constraints and priorities of ethnic minorities. In Adger, W. N., Kelly, P. M. and Ninh, Nguyen Huu (eds.), Living with Environmental Change: Social Vulnerability, Adaptation and Resilience in Vietnam, pp. 109121. London, Routledge.Google Scholar
Leichenko, R. and O’Brien, K. (2002) The dynamics of rural vulnerability to global change: the case of Southern Africa. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change, 7(1), 118.Google Scholar
Lindskog, E., Dow, K., Nilsson Axberg, G., Miller, F. and Hancock, A. (2005) When Rapid Changes in Environmental, Social and Economic Conditions Converge: Challenges to Sustainable Livelihoods in Dak Lak, Vietnam. Stockholm, Stockholm Environment Institute.Google Scholar
Liverman, D. M. (1994) Vulnerability to global environmental change. In Cutter, S. L. (ed.), Environmental Risks and Hazards, pp. 326342. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice Hall.Google Scholar
Luttrell, C. (2001) Historical perspectives on environment and development. In Adger, W. N., Kelly, P. M. and Ninh, Nguyen Huu (eds.), Living with Environmental Change: Social Vulnerability, Adaptation and Resilience in Vietnam, pp. 5975. London, Routledge.Google Scholar
Luttrell, C. (2005) Invisible institutions: informal means of gaining access to natural resources in coastal Vietnam. In Mutz, G. and Klump, R. (eds.), Modernisation and Social Transformation in Vietnam: Social Capital Formation and Institution Building. Hamburg, Institute for Asian Studies.Google Scholar
McLean, R. F., Sinha, S. K., Mirza, M. Q. and Lal, M. (1998) Tropical Asia. In Watson, R. T., Zinyowera, M. C. and Moss, R. H. (eds.), The Regional Impacts of Climate Change: An Assessment of Vulnerability, pp. 381407. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
National Institute of Statistics (1999) Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey. Phnom Penh, Ministry of Planning.Google Scholar
Nguyen, Hoang Tri, Phan, Nguyen Hong, Adger, W. N. and Kelly, P. M. (2001) Mangrove conservation and restoration for enhanced resilience. In Adger, W. N., Kelly, P. M. and Ninh, Nguyen Huu (eds.), Living with Environmental Change: Social Vulnerability, Adaptation and Resilience in Vietnam, pp. 136153. London, Routledge.Google Scholar
Oxfam GB (2002) Landless and Near-Landless Farmers in the Provinces of Tra Vinh and Dong Thap: Problems and Solutions. Oxford, Oxfam.Google Scholar
Pelling, M. (1998) Participation, social capital and vulnerability to urban flooding in Guyana. Journal of International Development, 10(4), 469486.Google Scholar
Rambo, A. T., Reed, R. R., Cuc, L. T. and DiGregorio, M. R. (eds.) (1995) The Challenges of Highland Development in Vietnam. Honolulu, Hawaii, East-West Centre.Google Scholar
Schenk, R., Neef, A. and Heidhues, F. (1999) Factors influencing access to credit of smallholders in Northern Vietnam. Vietnam’s Socio-Economic Development: A Social Science Review, 18, 5665.Google Scholar
Sen, A. K. (1981) Poverty and Famines: An Essay on Entitlement and Deprivation. Oxford, Clarendon.Google Scholar
Sen, A. K. (1990) Food, economics and entitlements. In Drèze, J. and Sen, A. K. (eds.), The Political Economy of Hunger. Volume 1, pp. 3450. Oxford, Clarendon.Google Scholar
Shrubsole, D. (2000) Flood management in Canada at a crossroads. Environmental Hazards, 2(2), 6375.Google Scholar
Socialist Republic of Vietnam (2003a) The Comprehensive Poverty Reduction and Growth Strategy (CPRGS). Hanoi, Socialist Republic of Vietnam.Google Scholar
Socialist Republic of Vietnam (2003b) Initial National Communication under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Hanoi, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.Google Scholar
Socialist Republic of Vietnam (2010) Second National Communication under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Hanoi, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment.Google Scholar
Tran, Thi Que (1998) Microfinance market in mountainous areas: a case study. Vietnam’s Socio-Economic Development: A Social Science Review, 14, 4561.Google Scholar
Winkels, A. (2004) Migratory Livelihoods in Vietnam: Vulnerability and the Role of Migrant Networks. PhD thesis. Norwich, University of East Anglia, UK.Google Scholar
Winkels, A. (2005) Frontier migration and social capital in Vietnam. In Mutz, G. and Klump, R. (eds.), Modernisation and Social Transformation in Vietnam, pp. 94115. Hamburg, Institut für Asienkunde.Google Scholar
World Bank (2004a) Cambodia at the Crossroads. Strengthening Accountability to Reduce Poverty, Report No. 30636-KH. Washington, DC, World Bank.Google Scholar
World Bank (2004b) Vietnam Development Report 2005, Report No. 30462-VN. Washington, DC, World Bank.Google Scholar
World Bank (2009) Poverty Profile and Trend in Cambodia: Findings from the 2007 Cambodia Socio-Economic Survey (CSES), Report No. 48618-KH. Washington, DC, World Bank. http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/504061468237543422/pdf/486180WP0P11191ofile120071withCover.pdfGoogle Scholar
World Bank (2010) Vietnam Development Report 2011: Natural Resources Management. Washington, DC, World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/509191468320109685/Vietnam-development-report-2011-natural-resources-managementGoogle Scholar
World Bank (2019) GDP growth (annual %) – Cambodia. Washington, DC, World Bank. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG?locations=KH (accessed 15 October 2019)Google Scholar
World Bank (2021) Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP) – Cambodia. Washington, DC, World Bank. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NV.AGR.TOTL.ZS?locations=KH (accessed 24 May 2021)Google Scholar
Wu, S. Y., Yarnal, B. and Fisher, A. (2002) Vulnerability of coastal communities to sea-level rise: A case study of Cape May County, New Jersey, USA. Climate Research, 22(3), 255270.Google Scholar
Zhang, H. X., Kelly, P. M., Locke, C., Winkels, A. and Adger, W. N. (2006) Migration in a transitional economy: beyond the planned and spontaneous dichotomy in Vietnam. Geoforum, 37(6), 1,0661,081.Google Scholar

References

Alam, M. and Laurel, A. M. (2005) Facing up to climate change in South Asia. The Gatekeeper Series. 118, 1–23. http://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/9545IIED.pdf (accessed 5 August 2018)Google Scholar
Alam, M. and Rabbani, M. D. G. (2007) Vulnerabilities and responses to climate change for Dhaka. Environment and Urbanization, 19(1), 8197.Google Scholar
Allison, E. H., Perry, A. L., Badjeck, M. C., Neil Adger, W., Brown, K., Conway, D., Halls, A. S., Pilling, G. M., Reynolds, J. D., Andrew, N. L. and Dulvy, N. K. (2009) Vulnerability of national economies to the impacts of climate change on fisheries. Fish and Fisheries, 10(2), 173196.Google Scholar
Bhuiyan, S. (2015) Adapting to climate change in Bangladesh. South Asia Research, 35(3), 349367.Google Scholar
Bjornestad, L., Hossain, J., Sinha, J. and Stratta, N. (2016) Strengthening Finance for the Seventh Five-Year Plan and SDGs in Bangladesh. Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh. http://www.bd.undp.org/content/bangladesh/en/home/library/Sustainable_Development_Goals/strengthening-finance-for-the-7th-five-year-plan-and-sdgs-in-ban.html (accessed 19 August 2018)Google Scholar
Black, R. (2010) Environmental refugees: Myth or reality? New Issues in Refugee Research. Geneva: UNHCR Evaluation and Policy Analysis Unit. Working Paper No. 34. http://www.unhcr.org/research/RESEARCH/3ae6a0d00.pdf (accessed 10 August 2018)Google Scholar
Cruz, R. V., Harasawa, H., Lal, M., Wu, S., Anokhin, Y., Punsalmaa, B., Honda, Y., Jafari, M., Li, C. and Nguyen Huu Ninh, N. (2007) Asia. In Parry, M. L., Canziani, O. F, Palutikof, J. P., van der Linden, P. J. and Hanson, C. E. (eds.), Climate Change 2007: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 469506.Google Scholar
Dasgupta, S., Hossain, M. M., Huq, M. and Wheeler, D. (2014a) Facing the hungry tide: Climate change, livelihood threats, and household responses in coastal Bangladesh (English). Policy Research working paper, No. WPS 7148. Paper is funded by the Knowledge for Change Program (KCP). Washington, DC, World Bank Group. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/558921468006267567/Facing-the-hungry-tide-climate-change-livelihood-threats-and-household-responses-in-coastal-Bangladesh (accessed 19 August 2018)Google Scholar
Dasgupta, S., Kamal, F. A., Khan, Z. H., Choudhury, S. and Nishat, A. (2014b) River salinity and climate change: evidence from coastal Bangladesh (English). Policy Research working paper, No. WPS 6817. Washington, DC, World Bank Group. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/522091468209055387/River-salinity-and-climate-change-evidence-from-coastal-Bangladesh (accessed 19 August 2018)Google Scholar
Dasgupta, S., Huq, M., Mustafa, M. G., Sobhan, M. I. and Wheeler, D. (2017) The impact of aquatic salinization on fish habitats and poor communities in a changing climate: evidence from southwest coastal Bangladesh. Ecological Economics, 139, 128139.Google Scholar
Denissen, A. (2012) Climate change and its impacts on Bangladesh. NCDO. http://www.ncdonl/artikel/climate-change-its-impacts-bangladesh (accessed 19 August 2018)Google Scholar
El Arifeen, S., Hill, K., Ahsan, K. Z., Jamil, K., Nahar, Q. and Streatfield, P. K. (2014) Maternal mortality in Bangladesh: a countdown to 2015 country case study. The Lancet, 384(9,951), 1,3661,374.Google Scholar
Faisal, I. M. and Parveen, S. (2004) Food security in the face of climate change, population growth and resource constraints: implications for Bangladesh. Environmental Management, 34(4), 487498.Google Scholar
Green Climate Fund (2018) Country Directory: Bangladesh. http://www.greenclimate.fund/how-we-work/tools/country-directory (accessed 18 August 2018)Google Scholar
GED (General Economics Division) (2009) Policy Study on the Probable Impacts of Climate Change on Poverty and Economic Growth and the Options of Coping with Adverse Effect of Climate Change in Bangladesh. Dhaka: Support to Monitoring PRS and MDGs in Bangladesh, GED, Planning Commission, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh and UNDP Bangladesh. http://www.climatechange.gov.bd/sites/default/files/GED_policy_report.pdf (accessed 9 August 2018)Google Scholar
GED (General Economics Division) (2015) Seventh Five-Year Plan FY2016-FY2021: accelerating Growth Empowering Citizens. Planning Commission, Government of Bangladesh. https://www.unicef.org/bangladesh/sites/unicef.org.bangladesh/files/2018-10/7th_FYP_18_02_2016.pdf (accessed 6 October 2020)Google Scholar
GED (General Economics Division) (2016a) Millennium development goals: end-period stocktaking and final evaluation report (2000–2015). Dhaka: GED. http://www.sdg.gov.bd/uploads/pages/58f8d8e69b131_1_MDG-Report-Final-Layout.pdf (accessed 19 August 2018)Google Scholar
GED (General Economics Division) (2016b) A handbook mapping of ministries by targets in the implementation of SDGs aligning with Seventh Five-Year Plan Plan (2016–2020). http://www.plancomm.gov.bd/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/A-Handbook-Mapping-of-Ministries_-targets_-SDG_-7-FYP_2016.pdf (accessed 19 August 2018)Google Scholar
GED (General Economics Division) (2017) SDGs financing strategy: Bangladesh perspective. Planning Commission, Government of Bangladesh. www.plancomm.gov.bd/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/SDGs%20Financing%20Strategy_Final.pdf (accessed 15 August 2018)Google Scholar
Huq, S. (2001) Climate change and Bangladesh. Science, 294 (5,547), 1617.Google Scholar
Huq, S. (2016a) Political economy of climate finance. The Daily Star, 4 February. http://www.thedailystar.net/supplements/25th-anniversary-special-part-4/political-economy-climate-finance-211957 (accessed 12 August 2018)Google Scholar
Huq, S. (2016b) 2016: A new beginning for the world and Bangladesh. The Daily Star, 24 January. http://www.thedailystar.net/op-ed/2016-new-beginning-the-world-and-bangladesh-206140 (accessed 12 August 2018)Google Scholar
Huq, S. (2016c) Fifteen years of climate change adaptation planning. The Daily Star, 17 July. http://www.thedailystar.net/op-ed/fifteen-years-climate-change-adaptation-planning-1254658 (accessed 12 August 2018)Google Scholar
Iftekharuzzaman (2013) Preface. In Report: an assessment of Climate Finance Governance in Bangladesh. Transparency International Bangladesh (TIB). https://www.ti-bangladesh.org/beta3/images/max_file/pub_cfg_asses_13_en.pdf (accessed 17 August 2018)Google Scholar
IMF (2013) Bangladesh: Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper. Washington, DC, International Monetary Fund. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2013/cr1363.pdfGoogle Scholar
IPCC (2014) Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, R. K. Pachauri and L. A. Meyer (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland.Google Scholar
IRENA (2018) Renewable Energy and Jobs: Annual Review 2018. International Renewable Energy Agency, Abu Dhabi. http://irena.org/publications/2018/May/Renewable-Energy-and-Jobs-Annual-Review-2018 (accessed 19 August 2018)Google Scholar
Jekobsen, F., Azam, M. H. and Kabir, M. M. U. (2002) Residual flow on the Meghna estuary on the coast line of Bangladesh estuarine. Coastal and Shelf Science, 55(4), 587597.Google Scholar
Khan, A. E., Scheelbeek, P. F. D., Shilpi, A. B., Chan, Q., Mojumder, S. K., Rahman, A., Haines, A. and Vineis, P. (2014) Salinity in drinking water and the risk of (pre-) eclampsia and gestational hypertension in coastal Bangladesh: a case-control study. PLoS One, 9(9), e108715.Google Scholar
Mani, M. and Wang, L. (2014) Climate change and health impacts: how vulnerable is Bangladesh and what needs to be done? Washington, DC, World Bank. https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/21820 (accessed 17 August 2018)Google Scholar
Maxwell, S. (2015) Climate compatible development pathway or pipedream? CPD Anniversary Lecture. http://cpd.org.bd/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/CPD-Anniversary-Lecture-2015-Climate-Compatible-Development-Pathway-or-Pipedream-Simon-Maxwell.pdf (accessed 17 August 2018)Google Scholar
MoEF (Ministry of Environment and Forests) (2015) Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC). Submitted to the UNFCC by the Government of Bangladesh. http://www4.unfccc.int/submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Bangladesh/1/INDC_2015_of_Bangladesh.pdf (accessed 17 August 2018)Google Scholar
MoPMR (Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources) (2008) Renewable Policy of Bangladesh. http://www.sreda.gov.bd/index.php/acts-policies-rules/20–1-repenglish (accessed 10 August 2015)Google Scholar
Rahman, S. (2015) Bangladesh moves into crisis of aid utilisation. http://www.thedailystar.net/business/bangladesh-moves-crisis-aid-utilisation-172582 (accessed 18 August 2018)Google Scholar
Salomon, M. and Spanjers, J. (2017). Illicit Financial Flows to and from Developing Countries: 2005–2014. Washington, DC, Global Financial Integrity.Google Scholar
Sindico, F. (2016) Paris, climate change, and sustainable development. Climate Law, 6, 130141.Google Scholar
Steele, P. (2015) Development finance and climate finance: achieving zero poverty and zero emissions. IIED Policy and Planning. http://www.iied.org/development-finance-climate-finance-achieving-zero-poverty-zero-emissions (accessed 12 August 2016)Google Scholar
Sustainable Development Knowledge Forum (2018) High-level political forum: sustainable development knowledge platform. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/hlpf (accessed 20 August 2018)Google Scholar
Thomas, T. S., Mainuddin, K., Chiang, C., Rahman, A., Haque, A., Islam, N., Quasem, S. and Sun, Y. (2013) Agriculture and adaptation in Bangladesh: current and projected impacts of climate change. Vol. 1,281. International Food Policy Research Institute.Google Scholar
Thompson, S. (2015) What are the Sustainable Development Goals? World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/09/what-are-the-sustainable-development-goals/ (accessed 4 August 2016)Google Scholar
Trading Economics (2016) Bangladesh remittances. http://www.tradingeconomics.com/bangladesh/remittances?embed (accessed 10 August 2018)Google Scholar
Uddin, N. (2018) Assessing urban sustainability of slum settlements in Bangladesh: evidence from Chittagong city. Journal of Urban Management, 7(1), 3242.Google Scholar
United Nations (2015) Bangladeshi Prime Minister wins UN environment prize for leadership on climate change. https://news.un.org/en/story/2015/09/508702 (accessed 18 August 2018)Google Scholar
United Nations(2016) Sustainable Development Goals. http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/sustainable-development-goals/ (accessed 12 August 2018)Google Scholar
UNCTAD (United Nations Conference on Trade and Development) (2014) World investment report – Investing in the SDGs: An action plan. New York, United Nations. http://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/wir2014_en.pdf (accessed 18 August 2018)Google Scholar
VoSB (Voice of South Bangladesh) (2015) Gender and Water Poverty: Salinity in Rampal and Saronkhola, Bagerhat. Study funded by the Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, through the Gender and Water Alliance. http://genderandwater.org/en/bangladesh/gwapb-products/knowledge-development/research-report/gender-and-water-poverty-salinity-in-rampal-and-saronkhola-bagerhat (accessed 19 August 2018)Google Scholar
Wassmann, R., Jagadish, S. V. K., Sumfleth, K., Pathak, H., Howell, G., Ismail, A., Serraj, R., Redona, E., Singh, R. K. and Heuer, S. (2009) Regional vulnerability of climate change impacts on Asian rice production and scope for adaptation. In Sparks, D. L. (ed.), Advances in Agronomy. Burlington, MA, Academic Press. 102, 91133.Google Scholar
Wright, H., Huq, S. and Reeves, J. (2015) Impact of climate change on Least Developed Countries: are the SDGs possible? IIED Briefing. May 2015. http://pubs.iied.org/pdfs/17298IIED.pdf (accessed 10 August 2018)Google Scholar
World Bank (2010) Bangladesh – Economics of adaptation to climate change: Main report (English). Washington, DC, World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/841911468331803769/Main-report (accessed 19 August 2018)Google Scholar
World Bank (2018) Revenue, excluding grants (% GDP) https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/GC.REV.XGRT.GD.ZS?locations=BD-8S-1W-XO&view=chart (accessed 10 December 2018)Google Scholar
World Economic Forum (2016) The Global Competitiveness Report 2015–2016. Weforum. http://reports.weforum.org/global-competitiveness-report-2015–2016/ (accessed 10 August 2018)Google Scholar
Yu, W. M., Alam, M., Hassan, A., Khan, A. S., Ruane, A. C., Rosenzweig, C., Major, D. and Thurlow, J. (2010) Climate change risks and food security in Bangladesh. London, Washington, DC, World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/419531467998254867/pdf/690860ESW0P1050Climate0Change0Risks.pdf (accessed 7 August 2018)Google Scholar

References

Abbasi, A., Mehmood, F., Wasti, A., Kamal, M. and Fatima, Z. (2017) Rethinking Pakistan’s energy equation: Iran-Pakistan gas pipeline. Sustainable Development Policy, 5(2), 112.Google Scholar
Ahmed, K. and Long, W. (2012) Environmental Kuznets curve and Pakistan: An empirical analysis. Procedia Economics and Finance, 1, 413.Google Scholar
Alam, S., Fatima, A. and Bhatti, M. S. (2012) Sustainable development in Pakistan in the context of energy consumption demand and environmental degradation. Journal of Asian Economics, 18(5), 825837.Google Scholar
Ali, M. (2017) Implementing the 2030 Agenda in Pakistan: the critical role of enabling environment in the mobilization of domestic and external resources. Discussion Paper 14/2017, German Development Institute. Bonn. https://www.die-gdi.de/uploads/media/DP_14.2017.pdfGoogle Scholar
Ansari, A. K. and Unar, I. N. (2011) Sustainable development indicators for energy in Pakistan. Energy, Environment and Sustainable Development, 2(6), 2538.Google Scholar
Arshad, M., Kachele, H. and Krupnik, T. J. (2017) Climate variability, farmland value and farmers’ perception of climate change: implications for adaptation in rural Pakistan. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Energy, 24(6), 532544.Google Scholar
Bano, I. and Arshad, M. (2018) Climatic changes impact on water availability. In Arshad, M. (ed.), Perspectives on Water Usage for Biofuels Production: Aquatic Contamination and Climate Change, pp. 3954. Springer, Cham. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978–3-319–66408-8_2Google Scholar
Deneulin, S. and Shahani, L. (2009) An Introduction to the Human Development and Capability Approach: Freedom and Agency. London, Earthscan, IDRC (International Development Research Centre).Google Scholar
Dickey, D. A. and Fuller, W. A. (1979) Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74(366a), 427431.Google Scholar
Eni (2018) World Oil Review 2018, Volume 1. Rome, Italy, Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi (ENI). https://www.eni.com/assets/documents/documents-en/WORLD-OIL-REVIEW-2018-Volume-1.pdfGoogle Scholar
Faisal, F. (2017) Sustainability: an imperative for improving governance and management in Pakistan. Pakistan Social and Economic Review, 55(1), 5378.Google Scholar
Falkenmark, M. (1986) Freshwater – time for a modified approach. Ambio, 15, 192200.Google Scholar
Fashina, A., Mundu, M., Akiyode, O., Abdullah, L., Sanni, D. and Ounyesiga, L. (2018) The drivers and barriers of renewable energy applications and development: a review. Clean Technologies, 1(1), 3.Google Scholar
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2016) Global Forest Resources Assessment. How Are the World’s Forests Changing? (Second edition). Rome, FAO. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i4793e.pdfGoogle Scholar
Global Terrorism Database (2017) Terrorism. Our World in Data website: https://ourworldindata.org/terrorism#global-terrorism-database-gtd-and-bruce-hoffman.Google Scholar
Hanif, U., Syed, S. H., Ahmad, R. and Malik, K. A. (2010) Economic impact of climate change on the agricultural sector of Punjab. Pakistan Development Review, 49(4), 771798. http://www.pide.org.pk/pdf/PDR/2010/Volume4/771–798.pdfGoogle Scholar
Haq, R. (2017) Pakistan Way Off Track on Millennium Development Goals. https://tribune.com.pk/story/1391752/depressed-data-pakistan-way-off-track-mdgsGoogle Scholar
IEA (International Energy Agency) Statistics (1990–2016) CO2 emissions per capita. CO2 emissions from fuel combustion only. Emissions are calculated using IEA’s energy balances and the 2006 IPCC Guidelines. https://www.iea.org/statistics/index.html?country=WORLD&year=2016&category=Emissions&indicator=CO2ByPop&mode=chart&dataTable=INDICATORSGoogle Scholar
Janjua, P. Z., Samad, G., Khan, N. U. and Nasir, M. (2010) Impact of climate change on wheat production: a case study of Pakistan. The Pakistan Development Review, 49(4), 799822.Google Scholar
Javed, M. S., Raza, R., Hassan, I., Saeed, R., Shaheen, N., Iqbal, J. and Shaukat, S. F. (2016) The energy crisis in Pakistan: a possible solution via biomass-based waste. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 8(4), 043102. https://aip.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/1.4959974Google Scholar
Kabeer, N. (2010) Can the MDGs provide a pathway to social justice? The challenges of intersecting inequalities. Institute of Development Studies, University of Sussex, Brighton UK and UN MDG Achievement Fund, NY, USA 10017. https://www.ids.ac.uk/files/dmfile/MDGreportwebsiteu2WC.pdfGoogle Scholar
Kathena, I. N. and Sheefni, J. P. (2017) The relationship between economic growth and crime rates in Namibia. European Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 4(1), 2,0593,058.Google Scholar
Khan, I. (2011) Corruption bigger hurdle than terror for Pakistan progress: EU. The Pakistan Development Review, 27, 959985.Google Scholar
Khan, K., Ashraf, C.M. and Faridi, R. (2011) Climate Change Effect on the Hunza Lake and Geomorphologic Status of the Hunza River Basin, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Retrieved 2 July 2018. https://www.pref.ibaraki.jp/soshiki/seikatsukankyo/kasumigauraesc/04_kenkyu/kaigi/docments/kosyou/14/2011wlc_Khalidakhan.pdfGoogle Scholar
Lead (2016) Sustainable Development Goals: 2015–2030. http://www.lead.org.pk/lead/attachments/sdgflyer_english.pdfGoogle Scholar
Luo, T., Young, R. and Reig, P. (2015) Aqueduct Projected Water Stress Country Rankings. Technical Note. Washington, DC, World Resources Institute. www.wri.org/publication/aqueduct-projected-water-stresscountry-rankingsGoogle Scholar
Ministry of Climate Change (2015) Achievements of the Ministry of Climate Change. http://mocc.gov.pk/moclc/userfiles1/file/Final%20Report%20MOCC%20–2%20years-%2005_10_2015%20(1)Google Scholar
Ministry of Climate Change. (2016) Pakistan’s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (PAK-INDC), Government of Pakistan. http://www.mocc.gov.pk/frmDetails.aspx https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/submissions/INDC/Published%20Documents/Pakistan/1/Pak-INDC.pdfGoogle Scholar
Ministry of Finance (2017) Pakistan Economic Survey 2016–17. Government of Pakistan. http://finance.gov.pk/survey_1617.html http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/chapters_17/Pakistan_ES_2016_17_pdf.pdfGoogle Scholar
Ministry of Finance (2018) Pakistan Economic Survey 2017–18. Government of Pakistan. http://www.finance.gov.pk/survey/chapters_18/Economic_Survey_2017_18.pdfGoogle Scholar
Ministry of Water Resources (2018) National Water Policy 2018. Ministry of Water Resources. http://waterbeyondborders.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Pakistan-National-Water-Policy-2018.pdfGoogle Scholar
Mir, K. A., Purohit, P. and Mehmood, S. (2017) Sectoral assessment of greenhouse gas emissions in Pakistan. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(35), 27,34527,355.Google Scholar
Mulok, D., Kogid, M., Lily, J. and Asid, R. (2016) The relationship between crime and economic growth in Malaysia: re-examine using bound test approach. Malaysian Journal of Business and Economics, 3(1), 1526.Google Scholar
Nadeem, S. and McArthur, J. M. (2018) Arsenic and other water-quality issues affecting groundwater, Indus Plain. Hydrological Processes, 32(9), 1,2351,253.Google Scholar
Naheed, S., Raza, I., Hassan, T., Muhammad, Z. and Fatima, A. (2015) Impact of climate change on livestock composition in Pakistan. Science, Technology and Development, 34(4), 270273.Google Scholar
Northrup, B. and Klaer, J. (2002) Effects of GDP on violent crime. The Journal of Law and Economics, 45(1), 139.Google Scholar
PBS (Pakistan Bureau of Statistics) (2019) Macroeconomic indicators. http://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//tables/Table-1_0.pdfGoogle Scholar
Pakistan Economic Forum (2015) Water Panel Draft Report 2015. https://www.wrdc.com.pk/Documents/WaterReport2015.pdfGoogle Scholar
Pakistan Institute for Parliamentary Services (2014) National MDGs orientation for parliamentary task forces. Retrieved 2 July 2018. http://www.na.gov.pk/mdgs/MDGs-BOOKLET.PDFGoogle Scholar
Pakistan Statistical Year Book (2017) Social & Culture. Retrieved from Pakistan Bureau of Statistics. http://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//other/Pakistan_Statistical_yearbook_2017.pdf.Google Scholar
Panda, S., Chakraborty, M. and Misra, S. K. (2016) Assessment of social sustainable development in urban India by a composite index. International Journal of Sustainable Built Environment, 5(2), 435450.Google Scholar
Phillips, P. C. and Perron, P. (1988) Testing for a unit root in time series regression. Biometrika, 75(2), 335346.Google Scholar
Rehman, S. A., Cai, Y., Mirjat, N. H., Walasai, G. D., Shah, I. A. and Ali, S. (2017) The future of sustainable energy production in Pakistan: a system dynamics-based approach for estimating Hubbert Peaks. Energies, 10(1,858), 124.Google Scholar
Rios, V. (2016) The Impact of Crime and Violence on Economic Sector Diversity. Washington, DC, The Wilson Center. Unpublished.Google Scholar
Spielman, D. J., Richard, J., Clay, R. and Soy, R. (2016) Agriculture and the Rural Economy in Pakistan: Issues, Outlooks, and Policy Priorities. Philadelphia, PA, University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
State Bank of Pakistan (2017) Annual Report 2016–2017 (State of the Economy). Chapter 7, Water sustainability in Pakistan: Key issues and challenges. http://www.sbp.org.pk/reports/annual/arFY17/Chapter-07.pdfGoogle Scholar
Syed, S H. and Ahmad, E. (2013) Poverty, inequality, political instability and property crimes in Pakistan: a time series analysis. Asian Journal of Law and Economics, 4(1–2), 128.Google Scholar
Transparency International (2018) Pakistan. https://www.transparency.org/country/PAKGoogle Scholar
UNDP (2003) Human Development Report 2003: Millennium Development Goals: A Compact among Nations to End Human Poverty. New York, UNDP.Google Scholar
UNDP (2017) The Sustainable Development Goals Report. https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2017/Google Scholar
Valasai, G. D., Uqaili, M. A., Memon, H. R., Samoo, S. R., Mirjat, N. H. and Harijan, K. (2017) Overcoming electricity crisis in Pakistan: a review of sustainable electricity options. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 72, 734745.Google Scholar
Vorrath, J. and Beisheim, M. (2015) Organized crime in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. https://www.swp-berlin.org/fileadmin/contents/products/comments/2015C45_vrr_bsh.pdfGoogle Scholar
WCED (World Commission on Environment and Development) (1987) Our Common Future, Brundtland, G. H. (ed.), Oxford, UK, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

References

Anthony, K. R. N., Marshall, P. M., Abdullah, A. and Beeden, R. (2015) Operationalizing resilience for the adaptive management of coral reefs. Global Change Biology, 21, 4861.Google Scholar
Bambaradeniya, C. N. B. (2004) Management of Invasive Alien Species: An Asian perspective on the way forward. Proceedings of a Global Synthesis Workshop on ‘Biodiversity Loss and Species Extinctions: Managing Risk in a Changing World’, Sub-theme: Invasive Alien Species – Coping with Aliens.Google Scholar
Barber, C. V., Miller, K. R. and Boness, M. (eds.) (2004) Securing Protected Areas in the Face of Global Change: Issues and Strategies. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, IUCN.Google Scholar
Bellard, C., Bertelsmeier, C., Leadley, P., Thuiller, W. and Courchamp, F. (2012) Impacts of climate change on the future of biodiversity. Ecology Letters, 15(4), 365377.Google Scholar
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity) (2014) UNEP/CBD/SBSTTA/18/9/Add.1. Pathways of introduction of invasive species, their prioritization and management. https://www.cbd.int/doc/meetings/sbstta/sbstta-18/official/sbstta-18-09-add1-en.pdfGoogle Scholar
CEPF (2015). The biodiversity hotspots maps. Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund. http://www.cepf.net/resources/hotspots/Pages/default.aspxGoogle Scholar
Garcia, R. A., Cabeza, M., Rahbek, C. and Araújo, M. B. (2014) Multiple dimensions of climate change and their implications for biodiversity. Science, 344(6,183), 1247579.Google Scholar
GBRMPA (Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority) (2013) Coral Bleaching Risk and Impact Assessment Plan (2nd ed.). Townsville, Australia, GBRMPA.Google Scholar
GBRMPA (Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority) (2017) Great Barrier Reef Blueprint for Resilience. Townsville, Australia, GBRMPA.Google Scholar
Green, R. E., Harley, M., Miles, L., Scharlemann, J., Watkinson, A. and Watts, O. (eds.) (2003) Global Climate Change and Biodiversity. Sandy, Bedfordshire, UK, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB).Google Scholar
Hannah, L., Midgley, G., Andelman, S., Araújo, M., Hughes, G., Martinez-Meyer, E., Pearson, R. and Williams, P. (2007) Protected area needs in a changing climate. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 5(3), 131138.Google Scholar
Hansen, A. J. and DeFries, R. (2007) Ecological mechanisms linking protected areas to surrounding lands. Ecological Applications, 17(4), 974988.Google Scholar
Heller, N. E. and Zavaleta, E. S. (2009) Biodiversity management in the face of climate change: A review of 22 years of recommendations. Biological Conservation, 142(1), 1432.Google Scholar
Hellmann, J. J., Byers, J. E., Bierwagen, B. G. and Dukes, J. S. (2008) Five potential consequences of climate change for invasive species. Conservation Biology, 22(3), 534543.Google Scholar
Hulme, P. E., Bacher, S., Kenis, M., Klotz, S., Kuhn, I., Minchin, D., Nentwig, W., Olenin, S., Panov, V., Pergl, J., Pyšek, P., Roques, A., Sol, D., Solarz, W. and Vilà, M. (2008) Grasping at the routes of biological invasions: A framework for integrating pathways into policy. Journal of Applied Ecology, 45, 403414.Google Scholar
Hulme, P. E. (2009) Trade, transport and trouble: Managing invasive species pathways in an era of globalization. Journal of Applied Ecology, 46(1), 1018.Google Scholar
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2013) Climate Change 2013. The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, New York, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2014) Climate Change 2014. Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, New York, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) (2017) The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2017–3. www.iucnredlist.org (accessed 3 March 2018)Google Scholar
Lawler, J. (2009) Climate change adaptation strategies for resource management and conservation planning. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1,162, 7998.Google Scholar
McGeoch, M. A., Butchart, S. H., Spear, D., Marais, E., Kleynhans, E. J., Symes, A., … and Hoffmann, M. (2010) Global indicators of biological invasion: Species numbers, biodiversity impact and policy responses. Diversity and Distributions, 16, 95108.Google Scholar
McNeely, J. A. (2001) The Great Reshuffling: Human Dimensions of Invasive Alien Species. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, IUCN.Google Scholar
Mittermeier, R. A., Kormos, C. F., Goetsch Mittermeier, C. and Gil, P. R. (2005) Transboundary Conservation: A New Vision for Protected Areas. No. 333.782 T772 t. México, MX, CEMEX.Google Scholar
Mooney, H. A. and Hobbs, R. J. (eds.) (2000) Invasive Species in a Changing World. Washington, DC, Island Press.Google Scholar
Parmesan, C. and Yohe, G. (2003) A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems. Nature, 421, 3742.Google Scholar
Phillips, A. (2004) The Durban Action Plan (revised version, March 2004). Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, IUCN.Google Scholar
Root, T. L., Price, J. T., Hall, K. R., Schneider, S. H., Rosenzweig, C. and Pounds, J. A. (2003) Fingerprints of global warming on wild animals and plants. Nature, 421, 5760.Google Scholar
SCBD (Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity) (2001) Review of the efficiency and efficacy of existing legal instruments applicable to invasive alien species. Montréal, SCBD (CBD Technical Series no. 2). https://www.cbd.int/doc/publications/cbd-ts-02.pdfGoogle Scholar
Scheffers, B. R., De Meester, L., Bridge, T. C., Hoffmann, A. A., Pandolfi, J. M., Corlett, R. T., Butchart, S. H., Pearce-Kelly, P., Kovacs, K. M., Dudgeon, D., Pacifici, M., Rondinini, C., Foden, W. B., Martin, T. G., Mora, C., Bickford, D. and Watson, J. E. (2016) The broad footprint of climate change from genes to biomes to people. Science, 354(6,313), aaf7671.Google Scholar
Shaanker, U. R., Joseph, G., Aravind, N. A., Kannan, R. and Ganeshaiah, K. N. (2010) Invasive plants in tropical human dominated landscapes: Need for an inclusive management strategy. In Perrings, C., Mooney, H. and Williamson, M. (eds.), Bioinvasions and Globalization: Ecology, Economics, Management, and Policy, pp. 202219. Oxford, UK, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Simberloff, D., Martin, J. L., Genovesi, P., Maris, V., Wardle, D. A., Aronson, J., Courchamp, F., Galil, B., García-Berthou, E., Pascal, M., Pyšek, P., Sousa, R., Tabacchi, E. and Vilà, M. (2013) Impacts of biological invasions: What’s what and the way forward. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 28(1), 5866.Google Scholar
Song, L., Chow, W. S., Sun, L., Li, C. and Peng, C. (2010) Acclimation of photosystem II to high temperature in two Wedelia species from different geographical origins: Implications for biological invasions upon global warming. Journal of Experimental Botany, 61, 4,0874,096.Google Scholar
Thomas, C. D., Cameron, A., Green, R. E., Bakkenes, M., Beaumont, L. J., Collingham, Y. C., Erasmus, B. F., De Siqueira, M. F., Grainger, A., Hannah, L., Hughes, L., Huntley, B., Van Jaarsveld, A. S., Midgley, G. F., Miles, L., Ortega-Huerta, M. A., Peterson, A. T., Phillips, O. L. and Williams, S. E. (2004) Extinction risk from climate change. Nature, 427, 145148.Google Scholar
Thomas, C. D., Gillingham, P. K., Bradbury, R. B., Roy, D. B., Anderson, B. J., Baxter, J. M., Bourn, N. A. D., Crick, H. Q. P., Findon, R. A., Fox, R., Hodgson, J. A., Holt, A. R., Morecroft, M. D., O’Hanlon, N. J., Oliver, T. H., Pearce-Higgins, J. W., Procter, D. A., Thomas, J. A., Walker, K. J., Walmsley, C. A., Wilson, R. J. and Hill, J. K. (2012) Protected areas facilitate species’ range expansions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(35), 14,06314,068.Google Scholar
Umina, P. A., Weeks, A. R., Kearney, M. R., McKechnie, S. W. and Hoffmann, A. A. (2005) A rapid shift in a classic clinal pattern in Drosophila reflecting climate change. Science, 308(5,722), 691693.Google Scholar
UNEP-WCMC (2018) Protected Area Profile for Asia and Pacific from the World Database of Protected Areas, March 2018. www.protectedplanet.netGoogle Scholar
Urban, M. C. (2015) Accelerating extinction risk from climate change. Science, 348(6,234), 571573.Google Scholar
Vilà, M., Espinar, J. L., Hejda, M., Hulme, P. E., Jarošík, V., Maron, J. L., Pergl, J., Schaffner, U., Sun, Y. and Pyšek, P. (2011) Ecological impacts of invasive alien plants: A meta-analysis of their effects on species, communities and ecosystems. Ecology Letters, 14(7), 702708.Google Scholar

References

Ahrends, A., Hollingsworth, P. M., Ziegler, A. D., Fox, J. M., Chen, H., Su, Y. and Xu, J. (2015) Current trends of rubber plantation expansion may threaten biodiversity and livelihoods. Global Environmental Change, 34, 4858.Google Scholar
Bhagwat, T., Hess, A., Horning, N., Khaing, T., Thein, Z. M, Aung, K. M., Aung, K. H., Phyo, P., Tun, Y. L., Oo, A. H., Neil, A., Thu, W. N., Songer, M., Connette, L. K., Bernd, A., Huang, Q., Connette, G. and Leimgruber, P. (2017) Losing a jewel: rapid declines in Myanmar’s intact forest from 2002–2014. PLOS ONE, 12(5), 122. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0176364Google Scholar
Brookfield, H. (2001) Exploring Agrodiversity. New York, Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Cairns, M. (ed.) (2007) Voices from the Forest: Integrating Indigenous Knowledge into Sustainable Upland Farming. Washington, DC, RFF Press.Google Scholar
Cairns, M. (ed.) (2015) Shifting Cultivation and Environmental Change: Indigenous People, Agriculture and Forest Conservation. London and New York, Earthscan from Routledge.Google Scholar
Cairns, M. (ed.) (2017) Shifting Cultivation Policies: Balancing Environmental and Social Sustainability. Wallingford, MA, and Boston, CAB International.Google Scholar
Chen, H., Yi, Z., Schmidt-Vogt, D., Ahrends, A., Beckschaefer, P., Kleinn, C., Ranjitkar, S. and Xu., J. (2016) Pushing the limits: the pattern and dynamics of rubber monoculture expansion in Xishuangbanna, SW China. PLOS ONE, 11(2), 115. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150062.Google Scholar
Chokkalingam, U., Smith, J., de Jong, W. and Sabogal, C. (2001) A conceptual framework for the assessment of tropical secondary forest dynamics and sustainable development potential in Asia. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 13(4), 577600.Google Scholar
Conway, G. R. and Barbier, E. W. (1991) After the Green Revolution: Sustainable Agriculture for Development. London, Earthscan Publications.Google Scholar
Corlett, R. T. (2014) The Ecology of Tropical East Asia. Oxford, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
de Jong, W. and Chokkalingam, U. (2001) The evolution of swidden fallow secondary forests in Asia. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 13(4), 800815.Google Scholar
Delang, C. O. (2006) Not just minor forest products: the economic rationale for the consumption of wild food plants by subsistence farmers. Ecological Economics, 59, 6473.Google Scholar
Delang, C. O. and Li, W. M. (2012) Ecological Succession on Fallowed Shifting Cultivation Fields. Heidelberg, Springer.Google Scholar
Delang, C. O. and Yuan, Z. (2015) China’s Grain for Green Program: A Review of the Largest Ecological Restoration and Rural Development Program in the World. Heidelberg, Springer.Google Scholar
Dobby, E. H. G. (1962) Monsoon Asia. London, University of London Press.Google Scholar
FAO (1978) Forestry for local community development. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.Google Scholar
FAO (1999) Agricultural biodiversity. FAO/Netherlands conference on the multifunctional character of agriculture and land. Background Paper 1. Maastricht.Google Scholar
Finegan, B. and Nasi, R. (2004) The biodiversity and conservation potential of shifting cultivation landscapes. In Schroth, G., da Fonseca, G. A. B., Harvey, C. A., Gascon, C., Vasconcelos, H. L. and Izac, A.-M. N. (eds.), Agroforestry and Biodiversity Conservation in Tropical Landscapes, pp. 153197. Washington, DC, Covelo, CA, and London, Island Press.Google Scholar
Forsyth, T. and Walker, A. (2008) Forest Guardians, Forest Destroyers: The Politics of Environmental Knowledge in Northern Thailand. Seattle, WA, University of Washington Press.Google Scholar
Fox, J. and Castella, J.-C. (2013) Expansion of rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) in Mainland Southeast Asia: what are the prospects for smallholders? The Journal of Peasant Studies, 40(1), 155170.Google Scholar
Fox, J. and Vogler, J. B. (2005) Land-use and land-cover change in Montane Mainland Southeast Asia. Environmental Management, 36(3), 394403.Google Scholar
Gautam, A. E., Webb, E. L., Shivakoti, G. and Zoebisch, M. (2003) Land use dynamics and landscape change pattern in a mountain watershed in Nepal. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 99, 8396.Google Scholar
Heinimann, A. (2006) Patterns of land cover change in the Lower Mekong Basin: the relevance of meso-scale approaches PhD thesis. Berne, Switzerland, University of Berne.Google Scholar
Heinimann, A., Mertz, O., Frolking, S., Christanzen, A. E., Hurni, K., Sedano, F., Chini, L. P., Sahajpal, R., Hansen, M. and Hurtt, G. (2017) A global view of shifting cultivation: Recent, current, and future extent. PLOS ONE, 12(9), 121. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0184479.Google Scholar
Heinimann, A., Messerli, P., Schmidt-Vogt, D. and Wiesmann, U. (2007) The dynamics of secondary forest landscapes in the Lower Mekong Basin. Mountain Research and Development, 27(3), 232241.Google Scholar
Hett, C., Castella, J.-C., Heinimann, A., Messerli, P. and Pfund, J.-L. (2012) A landscape mosaics approach for characterizing swidden systems from a REDD+ perspective. Applied Geography, 32(2), 608618. DOI:10.1016/j.apgeog.2011.07.011.Google Scholar
Houghton, R. A. (1994) The worldwide extent of land use change. BioScience, 44(5), 305313.Google Scholar
Inthavong, C. and Schmidt-Vogt, D. (2005) On-farm tree planting in the uplands of Lao PDR: experiences, challenges, policy implications. Asian Profile, 33(1), 3752.Google Scholar
Kerkhoff, E. and Sharma, E. (eds.), (2006) Debating shifting cultivation in the Eastern Himalayas: Farmers’ innovations as lessons for policy. Kathmandu, ICIMOD.Google Scholar
Khadka, S. and Schmidt-Vogt, D. (2008). Integrating biodiversity conservation and addressing economic needs: an experience with Nepal’s community forestry. Local Environment, 13(1), 113.Google Scholar
Lim, C. L., Prescott, G. W., De Alban, J. D. T., Ziegler, A. D. and Webb, E. L. (2017) Untangling the proximate causes and underlying drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in Myanmar. Conservation Biology, 31(6), 111. DOI:10.1111/cobi.12984.Google Scholar
Lu, J. N. (2017) Tapping into rubber: China’s opium replacement program and rubber production in Laos. The Journal of Peasant Studies, 44(4), 726747.Google Scholar
Luintel, H., Bluffstone, R. A. and Scheller, R. M. (2018) The effects of the Nepal community forestry program on biodiversity conservation and carbon storage. PLOS ONE, 13(6), 119. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199526Google Scholar
Messerli, P., Heinimann, A. and Epprecht, M. (2009) Finding homogeneity in heterogeneity: a new approach for quantifying landscape mosaics developed for the Lao PDR. Human Ecology, 37(3), 291304.Google Scholar
Minang, P., van Noordwijk, M., Freeman, O. E., Mbow, C., de Leeuw, J. and Catacutan, D. (eds.) (2015) Climate-smart Landscapes: Multifunctionality in Practice. Nairobi, Kenya, World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF).Google Scholar
Mittelman, A. (2001) Secondary forests in the lower Mekong subregion: an overview of their extent, roles and importance. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 13(4), 671690.Google Scholar
MRC (Mekong River Commission) and GTZ (Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit) (1998) Forest cover data set for the Lower Mekong Basin. 1998. Forest Cover Monitoring Project, Mekong River Commission and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.Google Scholar
Myers, N., Mittermaier, R. A., Mittermaier, C. G., da Fonseca, G. A. B. and Kent, J. (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 403, 853858.Google Scholar
Padoch, C., Coffey, K., Mertz, O., Leisz, S., Fox, J. and Wadley, R. L. (2007) The demise of swidden in Southeast Asia? Local realities and regional ambiguities. Geografisk Tidskrift, Danish Journal of Geography, 107(1), 2941.Google Scholar
Phelps, J., Carrasco, L. R., Webb, E. L., Koh, L. P. and Pascual, U. (2013) Agricultural intensification escalates future conservation costs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110, 7,6017,606.Google Scholar
Pingali, P. L. (2012) Green Revolution: impacts, limits, and the path ahead. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109, 12,30212,308.Google Scholar
Prescott, G. W., Sutherland, W. J., Aguirre, D., Baird, M., Bowman, V., Brunner, J. G., Cosier, M., Dapcie, M., De Alban, J. D. T., Diment, A., Fogerite, J., Fox, J., Hurd, J., Min Thein, Kyaw, LaJeunesse Connett, K., Lasmana, F., Lim, C. L., Lynam, A., Than, M. M., McCarron, B., McCarthy, J. F., McShea, W., Momberg, F., Mon, M. S., Oberndorf, R., Rhelps, J., Rao, M., Thawng, S. C. L., Htun, S., Schmidt-Vogt, D., Thein, S., Speechly, S., Springate-Baginski, O., Steinmetz, R., Talbott, K., Myint, T., Oo, T. N., Thaung, T. L., Tizard, R., Whitten, T., Williamson, G., Wilson, T., Win, H., Woods, K., Ziegler, A. D., Zrust, M. and Webb, E. L. (2017) Political transition and emerging forest conservation issues in Myanmar. Conservation Biology, 31, 114. DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13021.Google Scholar
Rambo, T. (2007) Observations on the role of improved fallow management in swidden agricultural systems. In Cairns, M. (ed.), Voices from the Forest: Integrating Indigenous Knowledge into Sustainable Farming, pp. 780801. Washington, DC, RFF Press.Google Scholar
Rasmussen, L. V., Coolsaet, B., Martin, A., Mertz, O., Pascual, U., Corbera, E., Dawson, N., Fisher, J. A., Franks, P. and Ryan, C. M. (2018) Social-ecological outcomes of agricultural intensification. Nature Sustainability, 1(1), 275282. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-018–0070-8Google Scholar
Rerkasem, K., Lawrence, D., Padoch, C., Schmidt-Vogt, D., Ziegler, A. D. and Brun, T. B. (2009) Consequences of swidden transitions for crop and fallow biodiversity in Southeast Asia. Human Ecology, 37(3), 281289.Google Scholar
Richards, P. W. (1996) The Tropical Rain Forest: An Ecological Study. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Rigg, J. (2003) Southeast Asia: The Human Landscape of Modernization and Development. New York, Routledge.Google Scholar
Rigg, J. (2013) From rural to urban: A geography of boundary crossing in Southeast Asia. TRaNS: Transnational and National Studies of Southeast Asia, 1(1), 526.Google Scholar
Roth, R. J. and Dressler, W. (2012) Market-oriented conservation governance: The particularities of place. Geoforum, 43, 363366.Google Scholar
Sajise, P. E. (2015) Biodiversity and swidden agroecosystems: An analysis and some implications. In Cairns, M. (ed.), Shifting Cultivation and Environmental Change: Indigenous People, Agriculture and Forest Conservation, pp. 401419. London and New York, Earthscan from Routledge.Google Scholar
Schmidt-Vogt, D. (1998) Defining degradation: the impacts of swidden on forests in northern Thailand. Mountain Research and Development, 18(2), 135149.Google Scholar
Schmidt-Vogt, D. (1999) Swidden farming and fallow vegetation in northern Thailand. Geoecological Research, 8. Stuttgart, Franz Steiner.Google Scholar
Schmidt-Vogt, D. (2001) Secondary forests in swidden agriculture in the highlands of Thailand. Journal of Tropical Forest Science, 13(4), 748767.Google Scholar
Schmidt-Vogt, D. (2006) Comment on ‘Gernot Brodnig: biodiversity conservation and the Millennium Development Goals’. Regional Development Dialogue, 27(1), 911.Google Scholar
Schmidt-Vogt, D. (2015) Second thoughts on secondary forests: Can swidden cultivation be compatible with conservation? In Cairns, M. (ed.), Shifting Cultivation and Environmental Change: Indigenous People, Agriculture and Forest Conservation, pp. 388400. London and New York, Earthscan from Routledge.Google Scholar
Schmidt-Vogt, D., Leisz, S., Mertz, O., Heinimann, A., Thiha, , Messerli, P., Epprecht, M., Cu, P. V., Chi, V. K., Hardiono, M. and Truong, D. M. (2009) An assessment of trends in the extent of swidden in Southeast Asia. Human Ecology, 37(3), 269280.Google Scholar
Siebert, F. and Belsky, J. M. (2014) Historic livelihoods and land uses as ecological disturbances and their role in enhancing biodiversity: an example from Bhutan. Biological Conservation, 177, 8289.Google Scholar
Siebert, F. and Belsky, J. M. (2017) Keeping ecological disturbance on the land: Recreating swidden effects in Bhutan. In Cairns, M. (ed.), Shifting Cultivation Policies: Balancing Environment and Social Sustainability, pp. 460469. Wallingford and Boston, CAB International.Google Scholar
Sodhi, N. S. and Brook, B. W. (2006) Southeast Asian Biodiversity in Crisis. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Sodhi, N., Koh, L. P., Brook, B. W. and Ng, P. K. L. (2004) Southeast Asian biodiversity: an impending disaster. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 19(12), 654660.Google Scholar
Solbrig, O. T. (2000) The theory and practice of the science of biodiversity: a personal assessment. In Kato, M. (ed.), The Biology of Biodiversity, pp. 107117. Tokyo, Springer.Google Scholar
Sovu, , Tigabu, M., Savadogu, P., Oden, P. C. and Xayvongsa, L. (2009) Recovery of secondary forest on swidden cultivation fallows in Laos. Forest Ecology and Management, 258, 2,6662,675.Google Scholar
Suwanraks, R. (2000) Sufficiency economy. TDRI Quarterly Review, 15(1), 617.Google Scholar
Swift, M. J., Izac, A.-M. N. and van Nordwijk, M. (2004) Biodiversity and ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes: are we asking the right questions? Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 104, 113134.Google Scholar
Thanichanon, P., Schmidt-Vogt, D., Messerli, P., Heinimann, A. and Epprecht, M. (2013) Secondary forests and local livelihood along a gradient of accessibility: a case study in Luang Prabang. Society and Natural Resources, 26(11), 1,2831,299.Google Scholar
Thongmanivong, S. and Fujita, Y. (2006) Recent land use and livelihood transition in northern Laos. Mountain Research and Development, 26(3), 237244.Google Scholar
Tipraqsa, P., Craswell, E. T., Noble, A. D. and Schmidt-Vogt, D. (2007) Resource integration for multiple benefits: multifunctionality of integrated farming systems in Northeast Thailand. Agricultural Systems, 94, 694703.Google Scholar
van Vliet, N., Mertz, O., Heinimann, A., Langake, T., Pascual, U., Schmook, B., Adams, C., Schmidt-Vogt, D., Messerli, P., Leisz, S., Castella, J.-C., Joergensen, L., Birch-Thomsen, T., Hett, C., Bech-Bruun, T., Ickowitz, A., Vu, K. C., Yasuyuki, K. C., Fox, J., Padoch, C., Dressler, W. and Ziegler, A. D. (2012) Trends, drivers and impacts of changes in swidden cultivation in tropical forest-agriculture frontiers: a global assessment. Global Environmental Change, 22, 418429.Google Scholar
Wangpakapattanawong, P., Kavinchan, N., Vaidhayakarn, C., Schmidt-Vogt, D. and Elliott, S. (2010) Fallow to forest: applying indigenous and scientific knowledge to tropical forest restoration. Forest Ecology and Management, 260, 1,3991,406.Google Scholar
Webb, E. L. and Gautam, A. (2001) Effects of community forest management on the structure and diversity of a successional broadleaf forest in Nepal. International Forestry Review, 3(2), 146157.Google Scholar
Xu, J. (2006) The political, social, and ecological transformation of a landscape: the case of rubber in Xishuangbanna, China. Mountain Research and Development, 26(3), 254262.Google Scholar
Xu, J. (2011) China’s new forests aren’t as green as they seem. Nature, 477, 371.Google Scholar
Xu, J., Lebel, L. and Sturgeon, J. (2009) Functional links between biodiversity, livelihoods, and culture in a Hani swidden landscape in southwest China. Ecology and Society, 14(2), 20.Google Scholar
Zhai, D., Xu, J., Dai, C.-Z. and Schmidt-Vogt, D. (2017) Lost in transition: natural forest loss in the forest transition of tropical China. Plant Diversity, 39(3), 149153. DOI:10.1016/j.pld.2017.05.005Google Scholar
Zhang, J.-Q., Corlett, R. T., Zhai, D. (2019) After the rubber boom: good news and bad news for biodiversity in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China. Regional Environmental Change. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-019-01509-4Google Scholar

References

Azevedo-Ramos, C., de Carvalho, O. Jr. and Nasi, R. (2002) Animal Indicators: A Tool to Assess Biotic Integrity after Logging Tropical Forests? CIFOR Report. Bogor, Indonesia, Centre for International Forestry Research.Google Scholar
Basnet, K. (2003) Transboundary biodiversity conservation initiative: An example from Nepal. Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 17, 205226.Google Scholar
Carpenter, G., Gillison, A. N. and Winter, J. (1993) DOMAIN: A flexible modelling procedure for mapping potential distributions of plants and animals. Biodiversity and Conservation, 2, 667680.Google Scholar
Conservation International (2005) Biodiversity hotspots, Indo-Burma. http://www.biodiversityhotspots.org/xp/Hotspots/indo_burma/ (accessed 28 April 2005)Google Scholar
Díaz, S., Kattge, J., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Wright, I. J., Lavorel, S., Dray, S., Reu, B., Kleyer, M., Wirth, C., Prentice, I. C., Garnier, E., Bönisch, G., Westoby, M., Poorter, H., Reich, P. B., Moles, A. T., Dickie, J., Gillison, A. N., Zanne, A. E., Chave, J., Wright, S. J., Sheremet’ev, S. N., Jactel, H., Baraloto, C., Cerabolini, B., Pierce, S., Shipley, B., Kirkup, D., Casanoves, F., Joswig, J. S., Günther, A., Falczuk, V., Rüger, N., Mahecha, M. D. and Gorné, L. D. (2016) The global spectrum of plant form and function. Nature, 529, 167171. DOI: 10.1038/nature16489Google Scholar
FAO (2005) Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Statistical Databases. http://apps.fao.org/page/form?collection=Production.Crops.Primary&Domain=Production&servlet=1&language=EN&hostname=apps.fao.org&version=default (accessed April 2005).Google Scholar
FAO (2013) Climate-Smart Agriculture: Sourcebook. Rome, FAO. http://www.fao.org/docrep/018/i3325e/i3325e.pdf (accessed 6 October 2020)Google Scholar
Ferrer-Paris, J. R., Sanchez-Mercado, A., Rodríguez, J. P. and Rodríguez, G. A (2012) Detection histories for eight species of Amazona parrots in Venezuela during the NeoMaps bird surveys in 2010. DOI:10.1594/PANGAEA.803430.Google Scholar
Gillison, A. N. (2001) Vegetation Survey and Habitat Assessment of the Tesso Nilo Forest Complex; Pekanbaru, Riau Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. Report prepared for WWF-US. October-November. https://www.cbmglobe.org/pdf/TessoNiloReport.pdf (accessed 6 October 2020)Google Scholar
Gillison, A. N. (2002) A generic, computer-assisted method for rapid vegetation classification and survey: Tropical and temperate case studies. Conservation and Ecology, 6, 3. http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol6/iss2/art3/print.pdfGoogle Scholar
Gillison, A. N. (2004) Biodiversity assessment in the North Bank landscape, north east India. WWF-India, New Delhi.Google Scholar
Gillison, A.N. (2013) Plant functional types and traits at the community, ecosystem and world level. In van der Maarel, E. and Franklin, J. (eds.), Vegetation Ecology (2nd ed.), pp. 347386. Oxford, UK, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. DOI:10.1002/9781118452592.ch12.Google Scholar
Gillison, A. N. (2019a) Plant functional indicators of vegetation response to climate change, past present and future: I. Trends, emerging hypotheses and plant functional modality. Flora, 254, 1230.Google Scholar
Gillison, A. N. (2019b) Plant functional indicators of vegetation response to climate change, past present and future: II. Modal plant functional types as response indicators for present and future climates. Flora, 254, 3158.Google Scholar
Gillison, A. N. and Brewer, K. R. W. (1985) The use of gradient directed transects or gradsects in natural resource surveys. Journal of Environmental Management, 20, 103127.Google Scholar
Gillison, A. N. and Carpenter, G. (1997). A plant functional attribute set and grammar for dynamic vegetation description and analysis. Functional Ecology, 11, 775783.Google Scholar
Gillison, A. N. and Liswanti, N. (2004) Assessing biodiversity at landscape level: The importance of environmental context. In Tomich, T. P., van Noordwijk, M. and Thomas, D. E. (eds.), Environmental Services and Land Use Change: Bridging the Gap between Policy and Research in Southeast Asia. Special issue of Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 104, 7586.Google Scholar
Gillison, A. N., Asner, G. P., Mafalacusser, J., Banze, A., Izidine, S., da Fonseca, A. R. and Pacate, H. (2016) Biodiversity and agriculture in dynamic landscapes: Integrating ground and remotely-sensed baseline surveys. Journal of Environmental Management., 177, 919. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27064732/Google Scholar
Gillison, A. N., Bignell, D. E., Brewer, K. R. W., Fernandes, E. C. M., Jones, D. T., Sheil, D., May, P. H., Watt, A. D., Constantino, R., Couto, E. G. and Hairiah, K. (2013) Plant functional types and traits as biodiversity indicators for tropical forests: Two biogeographically separated case studies including birds, mammals and termites. Biodiversity and Conservation, 22, 1,9091,930.Google Scholar
Hobohm, C. (2003) Characterization and ranking of biodiversity hotspots: Centres of species richness and endemism. Biodiversity and Conservation, 12, 279287.Google Scholar
Jones, D. T., Susilo, F.-X., Bignell, D. E., Hardiwinoto, S., Gillison, A. N. and Eggleton, P. (2002) Termite assemblage collapse along a land-use intensification gradient in lowland central Sumatra, Indonesia. Journal of Applied Ecology, 40, 380391.Google Scholar
Lawton, J. H., Bignell, D. E., Bolton, B., Bloemers, G. F., Eggleton, P., Hammond, P. M., Hodda, M., Holt, R. D., Larsen, T. B., Mawdsley, N. A., Stork, N. E., Srivastava, D. S. and Watt, A. D. (1998) Biodiversity inventories, indicator taxa and effects of habitat modification in tropical forest. Nature, 391, 7276. https://doi.org/10.1038/34166Google Scholar
MacKinnon, J. (ed.) (1997) Protected Areas Systems Review of the Indo-Malayan Realm. Asian Bureau for Conservation, Ltd., Hong Kong, China, and World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom.Google Scholar
MacNally, R. and Fleishman, E. (2004) A successful predictive model of species richness based on indicator species. Conservation Biology, 18, 646654.Google Scholar
Myers, M., Mittermeier, R. A., Mittermeier, C. G., da Fonseca, G. A. B. and Kent, J. (2000) Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature, 403, 853858.Google Scholar
Negi, H. R. and Gadgil, M. (2002) Cross-taxon surrogacy of biodiversity in the Indian Garhwal Himalaya. Biological Conservation, 105, 143155.Google Scholar
NPS (National Park Service, USA) (2012) Gradsect and Field Sampling Plan for Big Bend National Park/ Rio Grande National Wild and Scenic River. National Park Service. BiblioGov. 13 September.Google Scholar
Olson, D. M. and Dinerstein, E. (2002) The Global 200: Priority ecoregions for global conservation. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 89, 199224.Google Scholar
Olson, D. M., Dinerstein, E., Wikramanayake, E. D., Burgess, N. D., Powell, G. V. N., Underwood, E. C., D’Amico, J. A., Itoua, I., Strand, H. E., Morrison, J. C. and Loucks, C. J. (2001) Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: a new map of life on Earth. BioScience, 51, 933938.Google Scholar
Parker, V. T., Schile, L. M., Vasey, M. C. and Callaway, J. C. (2011) Efficiency in assessment and monitoring methods: scaling down gradient-directed transects. Ecosphere, 2, 99.Google Scholar
Pressey, R. L. and Cowling, R. M. (2001) Reserve selection algorithms and the real world. Conservation Biology, 15, 275277.Google Scholar
Rastogi, A. and Chettri, N. (2001) Extended biodiversity ‘hotspot’ analysis: a case of eastern Himalayan region, India. International Conference on Tropical Ecosystems: Structure, Diversity and Human Welfare, Bangalore, India, pp. 622628. 15–18 July.Google Scholar
Rawat, G. S., Desai, A., Somanathan, H. and Wikramanayake, E. D. (2001) Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests (IM0105) (see Olson et al., 2001). http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildworld/profiles/terrestrial_im.html (accessed 6 October 2020)Google Scholar
Rawat, G. S. and Wikramanayake, E. D. (2001) Eastern Himalayan broadleaf forests (IM0401) (see Olson et al., 2001). http://www.worldwildlife.org/wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/im/im0401_full.html (accessed 6 October 2020)Google Scholar
Rodgers, W. A. and Panwar, H. S. (1988) Planning a wildlife protected areas network in India. Dept. of Environment, Forests, and Wildlife/ Wildlife Institute of India Report, Vols. 1 and 2. Wildlife Institute of India.Google Scholar
Sala, O. E., Chapin III, F. S., Armesto, J. J., Berlow, E., Bloomfield, J., Dirzo, R., Huber-Sanwald, E., Huenneke, L. F., Jackson, R. B., Kinzig, A. and Leemans, R. (2000) Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100. Science, 287, 1,7701,774.Google Scholar
Sandmann, H. and Lertzman, K. P. (2003) Combining high-resolution aerial photography with gradient-directed transects to guide field sampling and forest mapping in mountainous terrain. Forest Science, 49, 429443.Google Scholar
Sauberer, N., Zulka, K. P., Abensperg-Traun, M., Berg, H.-M., Bieringer, G., Milasowszky, N., Moser, D., Plutzar, C., Pollheimer, M., Storch, C. and Tröstl, R. (2004) Surrogate taxa for biodiversity in agricultural landscapes of eastern Austria. Biological Conservation, 117, 181190.Google Scholar
Sayer, J. and Campbell, B. (2004) The Science of Sustainable Development: Local Livelihoods and the Global Development. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Sayer, J., Sunderland, T., Ghazoul, J., Pfund, J.-L., Sheil, D., Meijard, E., Venter, M., Boedihartono, A. K., Day, M., Garcia, C., van Oosten, C. and Buck, L. E. (2013) Ten principles for a landscape approach to reconciling agriculture, conservation, and other competing land uses. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 110, 8,349-8,356. http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2013/05/14/1210595110 (Accessed 6 Oct. 2020)Google Scholar
SDSN (Sustainable Development Solutions Network) (2013) Solutions for Sustainable Agriculture and Food Systems. Technical Report for the Post-2015 Development Agenda 18 September. Prepared by the Thematic Group on Sustainable Agriculture and Food Systems. http://unsdsn.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/130919-TG07-Agriculture-Report-WEB.pdf (accessed 22 August 2016).Google Scholar
Sheil, D. and Burslem, D. F. R. P. (2003) Disturbing hypotheses in tropical forests. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 18, 1826.Google Scholar
Sherpa, M. N. and Norbu, U. P. (1999) Linking protected areas for ecosystem conservation: a case study from Bhutan. PARKS, 9, 3545.Google Scholar
Specht, R. L. (1970) Vegetation. In Leeper, G. W. (ed.), The Australian Environment, (4th ed.) pp. 4467. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Organisation (CSIRO), Melbourne, Melbourne University Press.Google Scholar
Statersfield, A. J., Corsby, M. J., Long, A. J. and Wege, D. C. (1998) Global Directory of Endemic Bird Areas. Cambridge, Birdlife International.Google Scholar
Udvardy, M. D. F. (1975) A Classification of the Biogeographical Provinces of the World. IUCN Occasional Paper No. 18.Google Scholar
UNEP-CBD (1996) United Nations Environment Programme, Convention on Biological Diversity. Assessment of Biological Diversity and Methodologies for Future Assessments.Google Scholar
UNEP-CBD (2001) United Nations Environment Programme, Convention on Biological Diversity. Review of the Impact of Climate Change on Forest Biological Diversity, UNEP/CBD/AHTEG-BDCC/1/2.Google Scholar
USGS-NPS (2003) United States Geological Survey – National Park Service, Vegetation Mapping Program 5.0: Field methods. http://biology.usgs.gov/npsveg/fieldmethods/sect5.html (accessed 6 October 2020)Google Scholar
Walker, P. A. and Faith, D. P. (1998) TARGET Software Priority Area Setting. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Canberra.Google Scholar
Watt, A. W. and Zborowski, P. (2000) Canopy insects: Canopy arthropods and butterfly survey: Preliminary report. In Gillison, A. N. (ed.), Above-Ground Biodiversity Assessment Working Group Summary Report 1996–99: Impact of Different Land Uses on Biodiversity, pp. 6990. Nairobi, Kenya, Alternatives to Slash and Burn project. ICRAF.Google Scholar
WCMC (1996) Assessing biodiversity status and sustainability. Groombridge, B. and Jenkins, M. D. (eds.). World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Biodiversity Series No 5. Cambridge, World Conservation Press.Google Scholar
Wessels, K. J., Van Jaarsveld, A. S., Grimbeek, J. D. and Van der Linde, M. J. (1998) An evaluation of the gradsect biological survey method. Biological Conservation, 7, 1,0931,121.Google Scholar
Williams, A. C. (2002) Eastern Himalayas Conservation Alliance: setting the stage for on-the-ground conservation networks. World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) and Asian Rhino and Elephant Action Strategy (AREAS) proposal (unpublished).Google Scholar
World Bank (2000) Transboundary Reserves: World Bank Implementation of the Ecosystem Approach. Report No. 20892. K. MacKinnon (compiler). Working paper. Washington, DC, World Bank.Google Scholar
WWF and ICIMOD (2001) Ecoregion-based conservation in the Eastern Himalaya: identifying important areas for biodiversity conservation. In Wikramanayake, E. D, Carpenter, C., Strand, H. and McKnight, M. (eds). World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), Kathmandu, Nepal Programme.Google Scholar

References

Aalbersberg, B., Avosa, M., James, R., Kaluwin, C., Lokani, P., Opu, J., Siwatibau, S., Tuiwawa, M., Waqa-Sakiti, H. and Tordoff, A. W. (2012) East Melanesian Islands Biodiversity Hotspot: Suva, Fiji. University of the South Pacific, on behalf of Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund.Google Scholar
Andresen, S., Boasson, E. L. and Hønneland, G. (2012) International Environmental Agreements: An Introduction. London, Routledge.Google Scholar
Andresen, S. and Rosendal, K. (2014) Complexity in international regimes: Implications for biodiversity and climate change. Paper presented at Earth System Governance Norwich Conference, 3 July. http://norwich2014.earthsystemgovernance.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/InstitutionalcomplexABSsa22062014.pdfGoogle Scholar
BAF (Biosecurity Authority Fiji) (2014) BAF joins forces with the Fiji Police Force to address Biosecurity Risks. http://www.baf.com.fj/employment/press-releases/125-baf-joins-forces-with-the-fiji-police-force-to-address-biosecurity-risksGoogle Scholar
Bagoly-Simó, P. (2013) Tracing sustainability: an international comparison of ESD implementation into lower secondary education. Journal of Education for Sustainable Development, 7(1), 91108.Google Scholar
Baur, B. and Schmidlin, S. (2007) Effects of invasive non-native species on the native biodiversity in the River Rhine. In W. Nentwig, (ed.), Biological Invasions (Ecological Studies, vol. 193), pp. 257274. Berlin, Heidelberg, and New York, Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Bellard, C., Leclerc, C., Leroy, B., Bakkenes, M., Veloz, S., Thuiller, W. and Courchamp, F. (2014) Vulnerability of biodiversity hotspots to global change. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 23, 3138.Google Scholar
Boehmer, H. J. (2011a) Biologische Invasionen: Muster, Prozesse und Mechanismen der Bioglobalisierung (Biological invasions: Patterns, processes and mechanisms of bioglobalization). Geographische Rundschau, 3, 410.Google Scholar
Boehmer, H. J. (2011b) Vulnerability of tropical montane rainforests to climate change. In Brauch, H. G., Spring, Ú. O., Mesjasz, C., Grin, J., Kameri-Mbote, P., Chourou, B., Dunay, P. and Birkmann, J. (eds.), Coping with Global Environmental Change, Disasters and Security: Threats, Challenges, Vulnerabilities and Risks. Hexagon Series on Human Environmental Security and Peace, vol. 5, pp. 789802. Berlin, Heidelberg, and New York, Springer-Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-17776-7_46Google Scholar
Boehmer, H. J. (2011c) Störungsregime, Kohortendynamik und Invasibilität: Zur Komplexität der Vegetationsdynamik im Regenwald Hawaiis (Disturbance regimes, cohort dynamics, and invasibility: On the complexity of vegetation dynamics in Hawaii’s rainforests). Laufener Spezialbeitraege, 2011, 111117. https://www.anl.bayern.de/publikationen/spezialbeitraege/doc/lsb2011_018_boehmer_vegetationsdynamik_regenwald.pdfGoogle Scholar
Boehmer, H. J., Hanson, G. C., Lodhar, S. Y. F., Mathieu, J.-B., Lenz, M.-I., Galvin, S. and Lowry, J. H. (2016) Rapid emergence of a novel ecosystem in a Pacific island forest reserve. Proceedings of the 49th Annual Meeting of the Ecological Society of Germany, Austria and Switzerland, pp. 276277.Google Scholar
Boehmer, H. J., Heger, T. and Trepl, L. (2001) Case Studies on Alien Species in Germany. Robinia pseudoacacia, Reynoutria japonica, Senecio inaequidens, Dreissena polymorpha, Ondatra zibethicus, Mustela vison. Berlin, Umweltbundesamt UBA-Texte 13/01.Google Scholar
Boehmer, H. J. and Niemand, C. (2009) Die neue Dynamik pazifischer Wälder. Wie Klimaextreme und biologische Invasionen Inselökosysteme verändern (The new dynamics of Pacific forests: How climatic anomalies and biological invasions change island ecosystems). Geographische Rundschau, 61, 3237.Google Scholar
Brodie, G., Pikacha, P. and Tuiwawa, M. (2013) Biodiversity and conservation in the Pacific islands: why are we not succeeding? In Sodhi, N. S., Gibson, L. and Raven, P. H. (eds.), Conservation Biology: Voices from the Tropics, pp. 181187. Oxford, Wiley.Google Scholar
Brown, P. and Daigneault, A. (2014) Cost-benefit analysis of managing the invasive African tulip tree (Spathodea campanulata) in the Pacific. Environmental Science and Policy, 39, 6576.Google Scholar
Butchart, S. H., Walpole, M., Collen, B., van Strien, A., Scharlemann, J. P., Almond, R. E., Baillie, J. E., Bomhard, B., Brown, C., Bruno, J., Carpenter, K. E., Carr, G. M., Chanson, J., Chenery, A. M., Csirke, J., Davidson, N. C., Dentener, F., Foster, M., Galli, A., Galloway, J. N., Genovesi, P., Gregory, R. D., Hockings, M., Kapos, V., Lamarque, J. F., Leverington, F., Loh, J., McGeoch, M. A., McRae, L., Minasyan, A., Hernández Morcillo, M., Oldfield, T. E., Pauly, D., Quader, S., Revenga, C., Sauer, J. R., Skolnik, B., Spear, D., Stanwell-Smith, D., Stuart, S. N., Symes, A., Tierney, M., Tyrrell, T. D., Vié, J. C. and Watson, R. (2010) Global biodiversity: indicators of recent declines. Science, 328(5,982), 1,164–1,168.Google Scholar
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity) (2008) Bioinvasion and global environmental governance: the transnational policy network on invasive alien species: Fiji’s actions on IAS. https://www.cbd.int/invasive/doc/legislation/Fiji.pdfGoogle Scholar
CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity) (2013) Quick guides to the Aichi Biodiversity Targets, 2nd version. Montreal, Canada, CBD.Google Scholar
CI-Pacific (Conservation International Pacific Islands Programme) (2013) Biodiversity Conservation Lessons Learned. Technical Series 12: Emergency Response to Introduced Green Iguanas in Fiji. Apia, Samoa, CEPF and CI-Pacific.Google Scholar
Clout, M. N. and Veitch, C. R. (2011) Turning the tide of biological invasion: the potential for eradicating invasive species. In Veitch, C. R., Clout, M. N. and Towns, D. R. (eds.), Island Invasives: Eradication and Management. Proceedings of the International Conference on Island Invasives (Preface), pp. 13. Gland, Switzerland, IUCN, and Auckland, New Zealand, CBB.Google Scholar
Clout, M. N. and Williams, P. A. (2009) Invasive Species Management: A Handbook of Principles and Techniques. Oxford, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Daehler, C. C. (2008) Invasive plant problems in the Hawaiian Islands and beyond: insights from history and psychology. In Tokarska-Guzik, B., Brock, J. H., Brundu, G., Child, L., Daehle, C. C.r and Pyšek, P. (eds.), Plant Invasions: Human Perception, Ecological Impacts and Management, pp. 320. Leiden, Netherlands, Backhuys Publishing.Google Scholar
Daehler, C. C. and Baker, R. F. (2006) New records of naturalized and naturalizing plants around Lyon Arboretum, Mānoa Valley, O’ahu. In Evenhuis, N. L. and Eldredge, L. G. (eds.), Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2004–2005. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 87, 318. Honolulu, Hawaii, Bishop Museum Press.Google Scholar
Daehler, C. C., Denslow, J. S., Ansari, S. and Kuo, H.-C. (2004) A risk-assessment system for screening out invasive pest plants from Hawaii and other Pacific islands. Conservation Biology, 18(2), 361368.Google Scholar
Daigneault, A. and Brown, P. (2013) Invasive species management in the Pacific using survey data and benefit-cost analysis. Paper presented at the 57th AARES annual conference, 5–8 February, Sydney, Australia. https://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/uploads/public/researchpubs/paper-AARES-invasive-species-management.pdfGoogle Scholar
Denslow, J. S., Space, J. C. and Thomas, P. A. (2009) Invasive exotic plants in the tropical Pacific islands: patterns of diversity. Biotropica, 41(2), 162170.Google Scholar
DEPC (Department of Environmental Protection and Conservation) (2018) Vanuatu National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan (NBSAP) 2018–2030. Port Vila, Vanuatu, Government of Vanuatu.Google Scholar
DoE (Department of Environment) (2007) Implementation Framework 2010–2014. For the National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 2007. Suva, Fiji, CBD.Google Scholar
DoE (Department of Environment) (2014) Fiji’s Fifth National Report to the United Nations. Suva, Fiji, CBD.Google Scholar
(2020) National Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan 2020–2025. Suva, Fiji, Government of Fiji.Google Scholar
Dyer, M. J. B. (2017) Distribution of the invasive palm Pinanga coronata and its effects on native tree ferns in the Colo-i-Suva area, Viti Levu, Fiji. University of the South Pacific, Faculty of Science, Technology and Environment, and University of South Australia.Google Scholar
Dyer, M. J. B., Keppel, G., Watling, D., Tuiwawa, M., Vido, S. and Boehmer, H. J. (2019) Using expert knowledge and field surveys to guide management of an invasive alien palm in a Pacific Island lowland rainforest. In Veitch, C. R., Clout, M. N., Martin, A. R., Russell, J. C. and West, C. J. (eds.), Island Invasives: Scaling Up to Meet the Challenge. Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Commission Nº 62, 417423. Gland, Switzerland, IUCN, and Dundee, Scotland.Google Scholar
Dyer, M. J., Keppel, G., Tuiwawa, M., Vido, S. and Boehmer, H. J. (2018) Invasive alien palm Pinanga coronata threatens native tree ferns in an oceanic island rainforest. Australian Journal of Botany, 66(8), 647656.Google Scholar
Enserink, M. (1999) Biological invaders sweep in. Science, 285(5,435), 1,834–1,836.Google Scholar
Falcón, W., Ackerman, J. D., Recart, W. and Daehler, C. C. (2013) Biology and impacts of Pacific island invasive species. 10. Iguana, the green iguana (Squamata: Iguanidae). Pacific Science, 67(2), 157186.Google Scholar
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) (2010) The State of the World’s Forest Genetic Resources: Republic of Fiji Country Report. Suva, Fiji, Secretariat of Pacific Communities (SPC). http://www.fao.org/3/i3825e/i3825e24.pdfGoogle Scholar
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) (2014) The State of the World’s Forest Genetic Resources. Rome, FAO. http://www.fao.org/3/i3825e/i3825e.pdf?utm_source=publication&utm_medium=qrcode&utm_campaign=sofgr14Google Scholar
Fehr, V., Buitenwerf, R. and Svenning, J.-C. (2020) Non-native palms (Arecaceae) as generators of novel ecosystems: a global assessment. Diversity and Distributions, 26, 1,5231,538.Google Scholar
Fernández-Palacios, J. M., Kueffer, C. and Drake, D. R. (2015) A new golden era in island biogeography. Frontiers of Biogeography, 7(1), 1420.Google Scholar
Fiji Broadcasting Commission (2017) BAF officers create awareness. http://www.fbc.com.fj/fiji/50130/baf-officers-create-awarenessGoogle Scholar
Fischer, L. K., von der Lippe, M. and Kowarik, I. (2009) Tree invasion in managed tropical forests facilitates endemic species. Journal of Biogeography, 36, 2,251–2,263.Google Scholar
Fisher, R. N., Niukula, J., Watling, D. and Harlow, P. S. (2017) A new species of iguana Brachylophus Cuvier 1829 (Sauria: Iguania: Iguanidae) from Gau Island, Fiji Islands. Zootaxa, 4,273(3), 407422.Google Scholar
Forey, E., Lodhar, S. Y. F., Gopaul, S., Boehmer, H. J. and Chauvat, M. (2021) A functional trait-based approach to underline the impact of an alien palm invasion on plant and soil communities in a South Pacific island. Austral Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1111/aec.12995Google Scholar
GEF (Global Environment Facility) (1993) Regional: South Pacific Biodiversity Conservation Programme. Apia, Samoa, SPREP.Google Scholar
GEF (Global Environment Facility) (2016) GEF-6 Project Identification Form. Strengthening National and Regional Capacities to Reduce the Impact of Invasive Alien Species on Globally Significant Biodiversity in the Pacific. UNEP.Google Scholar
Genovesi, P. (2007) Limits and potentialities of eradication as a tool for addressing biological invasions. In W. Nentwig, (ed.), Biological Invasions (Ecological Studies, vol. 193), 385402. Berlin, Heidelberg, and New York, Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Genovesi, P. (2011) Are we turning the tide? Eradications in times of crisis: how the global community is responding to biological invasions. In Veitch, C. R., Clout, M. N. and Towns, D. R. (eds.), Island Invasives: Eradication and Management. Proceedings of the International Conference on Island Invasives, pp. 58. Gland, Switzerland, IUCN, and Auckland, New Zealand, CBB. https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/SSC-OP-042.pdf, pp. 58.Google Scholar
GoF (Government of Fiji) (1992) Forest Decree 1992/No. 31.Google Scholar
Gopaul, S. (2018) Abiotic effects of the invasive alien palm Pinanga coronata in the Colo-i-Suva Forest Reserve, Fiji. Suva, Fiji, University of the South Pacific, Faculty of Science, Technology and Environment.Google Scholar
Hanson, G. (2017) Population structure, allometry, and spread of alien ivory cane palm, Pinanga coronata, in a protected forest landscape on Viti Levu, Fiji. Suva, Fiji, University of the South Pacific, Faculty of Science, Technology and Environment.Google Scholar
IAEG-SDGs (Inter-Agency and Expert Group on SDG Indicators) (2016) Final List of Proposed Sustainable Development Goal Indicators. United Nations Statistical Commission/United Nations Economic and Social Council.Google Scholar
IASWG (Invasive Alien Species Working Group) (2008) Alberta Invasive Alien Species Risk Assessment Tool, Version 3. Edmonton, Canada, Alberta Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. https://www1.agric.gov.ab.ca/$department/deptdocs.nsf/all/prm13262/$FILE/background.pdfGoogle Scholar
Ibanez, T., Blanchard, E., Hequet, V., Keppel, G., Laidlaw, M., Pouteau, R., Vandrot, H. and Birnbaum, P. (2018) High endemism and stem density distinguish New Caledonian from other high-diversity rainforests in the Southwest Pacific. Annals of Botany, 121, 2535.Google Scholar
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (2019) Summary for policymakers. In Pörtner, H.-O., Roberts, D. C., Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Tignor, M., Poloczanska, E., Mintenbeck, K., Alegría, A., Nicolai, M., Okem, A., Petzold, J., Rama, B. and Weyer, N. M. (eds.), IPCC Special Report on the Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate. In press.Google Scholar
Jupiter, S., Mangubhai, S. and Kingsford, R. T. (2014) Conservation of biodiversity in the Pacific islands of Oceania: Challenges and opportunities. Pacific Conservation Biology, 20(2), 206220.Google Scholar
Keitt, B., Campbell, K., Saunders, A., Wang, Y., Heinz, R., Newton, K. and Tershy, B. (2011) The global invasive vertebrate eradication database: a tool to improve and facilitate restoration of island ecosystems. In Veitch, C. R., Clout, M. N. and Towns, D. R. (eds.), Island Invasives: Eradication and Management. Proceedings of the International Conference on Island Invasives, pp. 7477. Gland, Switzerland, IUCN, and Auckland, New Zealand, CBB.Google Scholar
Keppel, G. (2014) The importance of expert knowledge in conservation planning: comment to an article by C. J. Klein et al. Marine Policy, 48, 202203.Google Scholar
Keppel, G. Buckley, Y. M. and Possingham, H. P. (2010) Drivers of lowland rain forest community composition, diversity and structure on the islands of the tropical South Pacific. Journal of Ecology, 98, 8795.Google Scholar
Keppel, G., Morrison, C., Watling, D., Tuiwawa, M. V. and Rounds, I. A. (2012) Conservation in tropical Pacific island countries: why most current approaches are failing. Conservation Letters, 5, 256265.Google Scholar
Keppel, G. and Watling, D. (2011) Ticking time bombs: current and potential future impacts of four invasive plant species on the biodiversity of lowland tropical rainforests in south-east Viti Levu, Fiji. South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences, 29(1), 4345.Google Scholar
Keppel, G., Morrison, C., Meyer, J.-Y. and Boehmer, H. J. (2014) Isolated and vulnerable: the history and future of Pacific island terrestrial biodiversity. Pacific Conservation Biology, 20(2), 136145.Google Scholar
Keppel, G. Gillespie, T. W., Ormerod, P. and Fricker, G. A. (2016) Habitat diversity predicts orchid diversity in the tropical Southwest Pacific. Journal of Biogeography, 43(12), 111.Google Scholar
Kier, G. Kreft, H., Lee, T. M., Jetz, W., Ibisch, P. L., Nowicki, C., Mutke, J. and Barthlott, W. (2009) A global assessment of endemism and species richness across island and mainland regions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America, 106(23), 9,322–9,327.Google Scholar
Kimura, M. and Simbolon, H. (2002) Allometry and life history of a forest understory palm Pinanga coronata (Arecaceae) on Mount Halimun, West Java. Ecological Research, 17, 323338.Google Scholar
King, P. (2007) Regional: Mainstreaming Environmental Consideration in Economic and Development Planning Processed in Selected Pacific Developing Member Countries. Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report for the Asian Development Bank – Country Environmental Analysis: Vanuatu. Manila, Philippines, Asian Development Bank.Google Scholar
Kowarik, I., Jaeger, H., Fischer, L. and Von der Lippe, M. (2011) Auf den Einzelfall kommt es an! Unterschiedliche Auswirkungen derselben invasiven Art auf ozeanische Inseln. (The individual case matters! Different impacts of the same invasive plants on oceanic islands). Geographische Rundschau, 3, 4853.Google Scholar
Kueffer, C., Daehler, C. C., Torres-Santana, C. W., Lavergne, C., Meyer, J.-Y., Otto, R. and Silva, L. (2010) A global comparison of plant invasions on oceanic islands. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, 12(2), 145161.Google Scholar
Kueffer, C., Drake, D. R. and Fernández-Palacios, J. M. (2014) Island biology: Looking towards the future. Biology Letters, 10, 14.Google Scholar
Lenz, M.-I. (2016) Risk Assessment of the Invasive Alien Ivory Cane Palm (Pinanga coronata) in the Forests of Colo-i-Suva Forest Reserve, Viti Levu, Fiji. Göttingen, Germany, Georg-August-University-Göttingen.Google Scholar
Lodhar, S. Y. F., Forey, E., Galvin, S., Lowry, J. H., Gopaul, S., Hanson, G. C., Chauvat, M. and Boehmer, H. J. (subm.) An invasive alien palm threatens functional and taxonomic diversity of a tropical island rainforest.Google Scholar
Lowry, B. J., Lowry, J. H., Keppel, G., Thaman, R. R. and Boehmer, H. J. (2020) Spatial patterns of presence, abundance, and richness of invasive woody plants in relation to urbanization in a tropical island setting. Urban Forestry and Urban Greening, 48, Article 126516.Google Scholar
MacArthur, R. H. and Wilson, E. O. (1967) The Theory of Island Biogeography. Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Malcolm, J. R., Liu, C.-R., Neilson, R. P., Hansen, L. and Hannah, L. (2006) Global warming and extinctions of endemic species from biodiversity hotspots. Conservation Biology, 20, 538548.Google Scholar
Mathieu, J.-B. (2015) Diversity of understory vegetation in a submontane tropical rainforest under impact of an invasive alien palm species. Suva, Fiji, University of the South Pacific, Faculty of Science, Technology and Environment, and Quebec, Canada, University of Laval.Google Scholar
Mertelmeyer, L., Jacobi, J. D., Boehmer, H. J. and Mueller-Dombois, D. (2018) High-resolution aerial imagery for assessing changes in canopy status in Hawaii’s ‘Ōhi‘a (Metrosideros polymorpha) rainforest. In Fujiwara, K., Greller, A. and Pedrotti, F. (eds.), Geographical Changes in Vegetation and Plant Functional Types, Chapter 13, pp. 291–301. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, Springer.Google Scholar
Meyer, J.-Y. (2014) Critical issues and new challenges for research and management of invasive plants in the Pacific islands. Pacific Conservation Biology, 20(2), 146164.Google Scholar
Meyer, J.-Y., Lavergne, C. and Hodel, D. R. (2008) Time bombs in gardens: invasive ornamental palms in tropical islands, with emphasis on French Polynesia (Pacific Ocean) and the Mascarenes (Indian Ocean). Palms, 52(2), 7183.Google Scholar
Minden, V., Hennenberg, K. J., Porembski, S. and Boehmer, H. J. (2010a) Invasion and management of alien Hedychium gardnerianum (kahili ginger, Zingiberaceae) alter plant species composition of a montane rainforest on the island of Hawai’i. Plant Ecology, 206, 321333.Google Scholar
Minden, V., Jacobi, J. D., Porembski, S. and Boehmer, H. J. (2010b) Effects of invasive alien kahili ginger (Hedychium gardnerianum) on native plant species regeneration in a Hawaiian rainforest. Applied Vegetation Science, 13, 514.Google Scholar
Mittermeier, R. A., Gil, P. R., Hoffman, M., Pilgrim, J., Brooks, T., Mittermeier, C. G., Lamoreux, J. and da Fonseca, G. A. B. (2005) Hotspots Revisited: Earth’s Biologically Richest and Most Threatened Terrestrial Ecoregions. Chicago, IL, University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Mohamed, N. and Clark, K. (1996) Forestry on Customary-owned Land: Some Experiences from the South Pacific. Rural Development Forestry Network (RDFN), Network Paper 19a. Overseas Development Institute, Regent’s College, London.Google Scholar
Morley, J., Annighoefer, P., Seidel, D., Lodhar, S. Y. F., Gopaul, S., Galvin, S., Lowry, J. H. and Boehmer, H. J. (subm.) Effects of an invasive alien palm on forest structure in a tropical island forest reserve.Google Scholar
Moverley, D. (2019) Battling invasive species in the Pacific. In Veitch, C. R., Clout, M. N., Martin, A. R., Russell, J. C. and West, C. J. (eds.), Island Invasives: Scaling up to Meet the Challenge. Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Commission Nº 62, pp 417-–423. Gland, Switzerland, IUCN, and Dundee, Scotland.Google Scholar
Mueller-Dombois, D. (2006) Pacific island forests: successionally impoverished and now threatened to be overgrown by aliens? Pacific Science, 62(3), 303308. http://www.issg.org/pdf/publications/2019_Island_Invasives/PrintFiles/Moverley.pdfGoogle Scholar
Mueller-Dombois, D. and Fosberg, F. R. (1998) Vegetation of the Tropical Pacific Islands. (Ecological Studies, vol. 132). New York, Springer-Verlag.Google Scholar
Mueller-Dombois, D., Jacobi, J. D., Boehmer, H. J. and Price, J. P. (2013) ‘Ōhi‘a Lehua Rainforest. The Story of a Dynamic Ecosystem with Relevance to Forests Worldwide. Honolulu, HI, Friends of the Joseph Rock Herbarium.Google Scholar
Nishida, G. M. and Evenhuis, N. L. (2000) Arthropod pests of significance in the Pacific: a preliminary assessment of selected groups. In Sherley, G. (ed.) Invasive Species of the Pacific: A Technical Review and Draft Strategy, pp. 115129. Apia, Samoa, SPREP.Google Scholar
Olson, D., Farley, L., Patrick, A., Watling, D., Tuiwawa, M., Masibalavu, V., Lenoa, L., Bogiva, A., Qauqau, I., Atherton, J., Caginitoba, A., Tokota’a, M., Prasad, S., Naisilisili, W., Raikabula, A., Mailautoka, K., Morley, C. and Allnutt, T. (2010) Priority forests for conservation in Fiji: landscapes, hotspots, processes. Oryx, 44, 5770.Google Scholar
Perrings, C., Mooney, H. and Williamson, M. (eds.) (2010) Bioinvasion and Globalization: Ecology, Economics, Management, and Policy. Oxford, Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
PIER (Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk)PIER (US Forest Service, Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk) (2020a) All PIER species listed by scientific name. http://www.hear.org/pier/scientificnames/Google Scholar
PIER (US Forest Service, Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk) (2020b) PIER plant species present in Fiji listed by scientific name. http://www.hear.org/pier/locations/pacific/fiji/specieslist.htmGoogle Scholar
PII (Pacific Invasives Initiative) (2010) Invasive Species Management in the Pacific: A Review of National Plans and Current Activities. Auckland, New Zealand, PII. http://www.pacificinvasivesinitiative.org/site/pii/files/resources/publications/PII/pii_ism_in_the_pacific_a_review_of_national_plans_and_current_activities.pdfGoogle Scholar
Pouteau, R. and Birnbaum, P. (2016) Island biodiversity hotspots are getting hotter: vulnerability of tree species to climate change in New Caledonia. Biological Conversation, 201, 111119.Google Scholar
Pungetti, G. (2012) Islands, culture, landscape and seascape. Journal of Marine and Island Cultures, 1, 5154.Google Scholar
Raynor, B. and Kostka, M. (2003) Back to the future: using traditional knowledge to strengthen biodiversity conservation in Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia. Ethnobotany Research and Applications, 1, 5563.Google Scholar
Reaser, J. K., Meyerson, L. A., Cronk, Q., De Poorter, M., Eldrege, L. G., Green, E., Kairo, M., Latasi, P., Mack, R. N., Mauremootoo, J., O’Dowd, D., Orapa, W., Sastroutomo, S., Saunders, A., Shine, C., Thrainsson, S. and Vaiutu, L. (2007) Ecological and socioeconomic impacts of invasive alien species in island ecosystems. Environmental Conservation, 34(2), 98111.Google Scholar
Reaser, J. K., Yeager, B. B., Phifer, P. R., Hancock, A. K. and Gutierrez, A. T. (2003) Environmental diplomacy and the global movement of invasive alien species: A U.S. perspective. In Ruiz, G. M. and Carlton, J. T. (eds.), Invasive Species. Vectors and Management Strategies, pp. 362381. Washington, DC, Island Press.Google Scholar
SCBD (2001) Assessment and management of alien species that threaten ecosystems, habitats and species (CBD Technical Paper 1). Montreal, SCBD.Google Scholar
SCBD (2005) Handbook of the Convention on Biological Diversity (3rd ed.). Montreal, CBD.Google Scholar
Settele, J., Scholes, R., Betts, R., Bunn, S., Leadley, P., Nepstad, D., Overpeck, J. T. and Taboada, M. A. (2014) Climate Change 2014: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Part A: Global and Sectoral Aspects. Contribution of Working Group II to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Field, C. B., Barros, V. R., Dokken, D. J., Mach, K. J., Mastrandrea, M. D., Bilir, T. E., Chatterjee, M., Ebi, K. L., Estrada, Y. O., Genova, R. C., Girma, B., Kissel, E. S., Levy, A. N., MacCracken, S., Mastrandrea, P. R. and White, L. L. (eds.). Cambridge and New York, Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Sherley, G. (ed.) (2000) Invasive Species in the Pacific: A Technical Review and Draft Regional Strategy. Apia, Samoa, SPREP.Google Scholar
Sherley, G., Timmins, S. and Lowe, S. (2000) Draft invasive species strategy for the Pacific islands region. Nadi: regional invasive species workshop. In Sherley, G. (ed.), Invasive Species in the Pacific: A Technical Review and Draft Regional Strategy, pp. 16. Apia, Samoa, SPREP.Google Scholar
Shine, C. (2006) Overview of Existing International/Regional Mechanisms to Ban or Restrict Trade in Potentially Invasive Alien Species. Strasbourg, Council of Europe.Google Scholar
Shine, C., Williams, N. and Guendling, L. (2000) A Guide to Designing Legal and Institutional Frameworks on Alien Invasive Species. Gland, Switzerland; Cambridge, UK; and Bonn, Germany, IUCN.Google Scholar
Smith, C. P. (1985) Impact of alien plants on Hawaii’s native biota. In Stone, C. P. and Scott, J. M. (eds.), Hawaii’s Terrestrial Ecosystems: Preservation and Management, pp. 180250. Honolulu, HI, Cooperative National Park Resources Unit, University of Hawaii.Google Scholar
SPREP (Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme) (2014) Framework for Nature Conservation and Protected Areas in the Pacific Islands Region 2014–2020. Apia, Samoa, SPREP.Google Scholar
SPREP (Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme) (2016a) State of Conservation in Fiji: Country Report 2013. Apia, Samoa, SPREP.Google Scholar
SPREP (Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme) (2016b) Battling Invasive Species in the Pacific: Outcomes of the Regional GEF-PAS IAS Project: Prevention, Control and Management of Invasive Species in the Pacific Islands. Apia, Samoa, SPREP.Google Scholar
SPREP (Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme) (2017) SPREP Annual Report: 2016. Apia, Samoa, SPREP.Google Scholar
Taylor, S. and Kumar, L. (2016) Will climate change impact the potential distribution of a native vine (Merremia peltata) which is behaving invasively in the Pacific region? Ecology and Evolution, 6(3), 742754.Google Scholar
Thomas, N., Surumi, J., Macedru, K., Mataitoga, W., Qeteqete, S., Naikatini, A., Niukula, J., Heffernan, A., Fisher, R. N. and Harlow, P. S. (2011) Iguana: a feral population in Fiji. Oryx, 45, 321323.Google Scholar
Tutangata, T. I. (2000) Sinking islands, vanishing worlds. Earth Island Journal, 15(2), 44.Google Scholar
Tye, A. (2009) Guidelines for Invasive Species Management in the Pacific: A Pacific Strategy for Managing Pests, Weeds and Other Invasive Species. Apia, Samoa, SPREP.Google Scholar
UNEP-WCMC (United Nations Environment Programme – World Conservation Monitoring Centre) (2016) The State of Biodiversity in Asia and the Pacific: A Mid-term Review of Progress towards the Aichi Biodiversity Targets. Cambridge, UNEP-WCMC and IUCN.Google Scholar
van den Burg, M., Breuil, M. and Knapp, C. (2018) Iguana delicatissima. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018. e.T10800A122936983. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/10800/122936983Google Scholar
Van Kleunen, M., Dawson, W., Essl, F., Pergl, J., Winter, M., Weber, E., Kreft, H., Weigelt, P., Kartesz, J., Nishino, M., Antonova, L. A., Barcelona, J. F., Cabezas, F. J., Cárdenas, D., Cárdenas-Toro, J., Castaño, N., Chacón, C., Chatelain, C., Ebel, A. L., Figueiredo, D., Fuentes, N., Groom, Q. J., Henderson, L., Inderjit, , Kupriyanov, A., Masciadri, S., Meerman, J., Morozova, O., Moser, D., Nickrent, D., Patzelt, A., Pelser, P. B., Baptiste, M. P., Poopath, M., Schulze, M., Seebens, H., Shu, W., Thomas, J., Velayos, M., Wieringa, J. J. and Pyšek, P. (2015) Global exchange and accumulation of non-native plants. Nature, 525, 100103.Google Scholar
Vitousek, P. M. (2004) Nutrient Cycling and Limitation: Hawai’i as a Model System. Oxford, UK, and Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Wainqolo, I. and Timote, V. (Fijian Forestry Department and Fiji Quarantine Inspection Service) (2005) Forest invasive species: Country report: Fiji. In McKenzie, P., Brown, C., Jianghua, S. and Jian, W. (eds.), The Unwelcome Guests. Proceedings of the Asia-Pacific Forest Invasive Species Conference, 17–23 August, Kunming, China. http://www.fao.org/docrep/008/ae944e/ae944e00.htmGoogle Scholar
Wardell-Johnson, G. W., Keppel, G. and Sander, J. (2011) Climate change impacts on the terrestrial biodiversity and carbon stocks of Oceania. Pacific Conservation Biology, 17, 220240.Google Scholar
Watling, D. (2005) Palms of the Fiji Islands. Suva, Fiji, Environmental Consultants Fiji.Google Scholar
Watling, D. and Chape, S. (1992) Fiji: State of the Environment Report. Gland, Switzerland, IUCN.Google Scholar
Weeks, R. and Adams, V. M. (2018) Research priorities for conservation and natural resource management in Oceania’s small-island developing states. Conservation Biology, 32, 7283.Google Scholar
Witono, J. R. (2003) Phenetic study on clustered Pinanga of Java and Bali. Biodiversitas, 4(1), 3842.Google Scholar
Witono, J. R., Mogea, J. P. and Somadikarta, S. (2002) Pinanga in Java and Bali. Palms, 46(4), 193202.Google Scholar
Witono, J. R. and Rondo, K. (2006) Genetic analysis of some species of Pinanga (Palmae) by using ISSR markers. Berita Biologi, 8(1), 1926.Google Scholar
Wittenberg, R. and Cock, M. J. W. (eds.) (2001) Invasive Alien Species: A Toolkit of Best Prevention and Management Practices. Wallingford, UK, CAB International. https://www.cabi.org/cabebooks/ebook/20013135502Google Scholar

References

IFRC (2006) Legal Issues from the International Response to the Tsunami in Indonesia, An International Disaster Response Laws, Rules and Principles (IDRL) Programme Case Study. July 2006. Jakarta.Google Scholar
NORAD (2007) Humanitarian Response to Natural Disasters: A Synthesis of Evaluation Findings, Synthesis Report 1/2007. Oslo, January 2007.Google Scholar
OECD (2006) Humanitarian Aid in DAC Peer Reviews: A Compilation of Coverage 2004–05. Paris, 17 January 2006.Google Scholar
ProVention Consortium (2006) Incentives for Reducing Risk: A Reflection on Key Themes, Issues and Ideas on Risk Reduction Raised at the 2006 ProVention Forum, March 2006. ProVention Consortium.Google Scholar
Suhrke, A. and Ofstad, A. (2005). Filling ‘the Gap’: Lessons Well Learnt by the Multilateral Aid Agencies. Christian Michelsen Institutt, Bergen, Norway.Google Scholar
TEC (Tsunami Evaluation Coalition) (2006) Links between Relief, Rehabilitation and Development in the Tsunami Response. March 2006.Google Scholar
Telford, J., J., Cosgrave and R., Houghton (2006) Joint Evaluation of the International Response to the Indian Ocean Tsunami: Synthesis Report. Tsunami Evaluation Coalition.Google Scholar
UK (2006) Minutes of the Hearings of the House of Commons International Development Committee, Humanitarian Response to Natural Disasters. Seventh Report of Session 2005–06, Volume I, 2006, United Kingdom.Google Scholar
UK/DFID (2004) Disaster Risk Reduction: A Development Concern: A Scoping Study on Links between Disaster Risk Reduction, Poverty and Development. Conflict and Humanitarian Affairs Department, London.Google Scholar
UNDP (2005) 2005 Report on the UNDP Thematic Trust Fund for Crisis Prevention and Recovery. New York.Google Scholar
United Nations (2005a) Strengthening of the Coordination of Emergency Humanitarian Assistance of the United Nations. Report of the Secretary-General, June 2005 (A/60/87–E/2005/78).Google Scholar
United Nations(2005b) Hyogo Framework for Action 2005-2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters (A/CONF.206/6). http://www.un-documents.net/hfa.htmGoogle Scholar
United Nations(2006) Report of the Secretary-General’s Highlevel Panel on System-wide Coherence: ‘Delivering as One’ (A/61/5wz83). New York.Google Scholar
United Nations(2006) Report of the Secretary-General’s High-Level Panel on System-wide Coherence: ‘Delivering as One’ (A/61/583). New York.Google Scholar

Recommended Reading

Benson, C. and Clay, E. J. (2004) Understanding the Economic and Financial Impacts of Natural Disasters. Disaster Risk Management Series Paper #4. Washington, DC, World Bank.Google Scholar
DKKV/ISDR (2002) Early Warning and Sustainable Development. Input Paper prepared in the context of the WSSD and on-going work on early warning.Google Scholar
Handmer, J. (2002) Preparing for a European Approach to Flood Warning. Paper presented at the second MITCH Workshop ‘Advances in Flood Forecasting, Flood Warning and Emergency Management’. Barcelona, July 2002.Google Scholar
IFRC (2002) World Disasters Report 2002: Focus on Reducing Risk. International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, Geneva.Google Scholar
India, National Centre for Disaster Management (2002) The Report of the High-Powered Committee on Disaster Management. New Delhi, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, Government of India.Google Scholar
Kent, R., Dalton, M., von Hippel, K. and Maurer, R. (2003) Changes in Humanitarian Financing: Implications for the United Nations. 11 October 2003. King’s College London, Humanitarian Futures Programme.Google Scholar
Omachi, T. and Le-Huu, T. (2003b) Overview of the Natural Disaster and Flood Forecasting and Warning Systems in the Region. Paper presented at the Regional Consultation on Early Warning Systems in Asia and the Pacific, Bandung, Indonesia, 26–28 May 2003.Google Scholar
Omachi, T., Le-Huu, T. and Ono, Y. (2003a) Consultation Workshop on Early Warning Systems: Effectiveness of Early Warning Systems in Asia/Pacific. Bandung, Indonesia, 26–28 May 2003, Workshop Report. UNESCAP, UN/ ISDR, BGR, DGGMR. 17 July 2003.Google Scholar
Plate, J. E. (2003) Regional Consultation Europe Report for EWC II, Potsdam, 4 August 2003. UNISDR, Geneva.Google Scholar
Tearfund (2003) Natural Disaster Risk Reduction: The Policy and Practice of Selected Institutional Donors. Tearfund Research Report.Google Scholar
UK/DFID (2004[a]) Disaster Risk Reduction: A Development Concern: Action to Reduce Risks from Natural Disasters Must Be at the Centre of Development Policy. London, Conflict and Humanitarian Affairs Department.Google Scholar
UNISDR (2003) Background Paper. Overview of the Preparatory Process, Major Themes and Expected Outputs of the Second International Conference on Early Warning (EWC-II). Prepared by the UNISDR secretariat, Geneva, Switzerland.Google Scholar
UNISDR (2003) Synthesis of the Findings of the Early Warning Regional Consultations in Africa, Asia, the American Hemisphere and Europe. UNI/ISDR secretariat.Google Scholar
UNISDR (2004) Living with Risk: A Global Review of Disaster Reduction Initiatives. International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. Geneva, UNISDR.Google Scholar
UNISDR (2006) Global Survey of Early Warning Systems. Geneva, UNISDR.Google Scholar
UNISDR (2009 and 2011) Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction. Geneva, UNISDR. https://www.undrr.org/publication/global-assessment-report-disaster-risk-reduction-2019Google Scholar
United Nations (1995) Secretary-General’s Report on Early Warning Capacities of the United Nations Systems with Regard to Natural and Similar Disasters. Presented to the Fiftieth Session of the United Nations General Assembly, October 1995. A/50/526. New York.Google Scholar
United Nations (1997) Secretary-General’s Report on Improved Effectiveness of Early Warning Systems with Regard to Natural and Similar Disasters. Report presented to the Fifty-Second Session of the United Nations General Assembly, October 1997. A/52/561. New York.Google Scholar
USA National Science and Technology Council (2000) Effective Disaster Warnings. Report by the Working Group on Natural Disaster Information Systems, Subcommittee on Natural Disaster Reduction. Washington, DC, National Science and Technology Council, Committee on Environment and Natural Resources of the Executive Office of the President of the United States, November 2000.Google Scholar
Villagran de Leon, J. C., Scott., J., Cardenas, C. and Thompson, S. (2003) Early Warning Systems in the American Hemisphere: Context, Current Status and Future Trends. Hemispheric Consultation on Early Warning, Antigua Guatemala, 3–5 June 2003.Google Scholar
Vordzorgbe, S. (2003) Regional Report on Early Warning of Natural Disaster in Africa. Report prepared for the Second International Conference on Early Warning, 16–18 October, UN/ISDR, Nairobi. July 2003. https://www.unisdr.org/2006/ppew/info-resources/ewc2/upload/downloads/Africa.pdfGoogle Scholar
Walker, P., Wisner, B., Leaning, J. and Minear, L. (2005) Smoke and Mirrors: Deficiencies in Disaster Funding. BMJ, 330, 247250, 29 January 2005.Google Scholar
Wigmore, L. (2003) 50 Years Back and 100 Years Forward: Remembering the Works Flooding in Living Memory and Looking to the Future. UK Environment Agency News, 23 January 2003.Google Scholar
Wisner, B., Blaikie, P., Cannon, T. and Davis, I. (2004) At Risk: Natural Hazards, People’s Vulnerability and Disasters (2nd ed.). London and New York, Routledge.Google Scholar

References

Ahmed, A. K., Subbiah, A. R. and Lwin, Tun (2008) Joint Rapid Situation Assessment Report: Status and Context of Coastal Townships of Yangon and Ayeyarwady Divisions during Tropical Cyclone Nargis in Myanmar. Thailand, Jointly prepared by the Myanmar Department of Meteorology and Hydrology (DMH) and the Asian Disaster Preparedness Centre (ADPC).Google Scholar
ASEAN Secretariat (2008) Cyclone Nargis, Myanmar: ASEAN Emergency Rapid Assessment Team Mission Report, 9–18 May 2008. Jakarta, Indonesia, ASEAN Secretariat.Google Scholar
Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority (2017) 2017 Coastal Master Plan: C2-4: Tropical Storm Intensity and Frequency. Version Final (p. 24). Baton Rouge, Louisiana, Coastal Protection and Restoration Authority. http://coastal.la.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Attachment-C2-4_FINAL_5.15.2017.pdfGoogle Scholar
Department of Population (2019) Myanmar Population. Department of Population, Ministry of Labour, Immigration and Population, Republic of the Union of Myanmar. http://www.dop.gov.mm/en (accessed on 22 June 2019).Google Scholar
DMH (Department of Meteorology and Hydrology) (1950–2000) The Myanmar Daily Weather Reports (MDWR). Yangon, Myanmar, Department of Meteorology and Hydrology.Google Scholar
DMH (Department of Meteorology and Hydrology) (1970–2000) The Climatic Atlas for 1960–1969, 1970–1979, 1980–1989, 1990–2000. Yangon, Myanmar, Department of Meteorology and Hydrology.Google Scholar
Eckstein, D., Kunzel, V. and Schafer, L. (2018) Global Climate Risk Index 2018: Who Suffers Most from Extreme Weather Events? Weather-Related Loss Events in 2016 and 1997 to 2016. Briefing paper. Berlin, Germany. Germanwatch Think Tank and Research.Google Scholar
IFRC (International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies) (2011) Myanmar: Cyclone Nargis 2008 Facts and Figures. Published 3 May 2011, 12:16 CET. https://www.ifrc.org/en/news-and-media/news-stories/asia-pacific/myanmar/myanmar-cyclone-nargis-2008-facts-and-figures/Google Scholar
Swe, Khin Lay (2009) The Policy Implications of Agriculture, Livelihoods and Disaster Risk Reduction. Yangon, Myanmar, Pro-rector, Yezin Agricultural University, Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation.Google Scholar
Mizutori, M. and Steiner, A. (2018) Lessons of cyclone Nargis still need to be applied. Opinion piece. Retrieved from https://www.unisdr.org/archive/58129.Google Scholar
NASA/MODIS Rapid Response Team (2008) NASA Satellite Captures Image of Cyclone Nargis Flooding in Burma. Retrieved from https://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/nargis_floods.html.Google Scholar
NCEA (National Commission for Environmental Affairs) (1997) Myanmar Agenda 21. Myanmar.Google Scholar
RIMES Centre (2008) 120 Hours Storm Animation Forecast of Cyclone Nargis Issued on 28th April 2008. Bangkok, Asian Institute of Technology.Google Scholar
Shida, Kuniyuki (2008) Tropical Cyclone Nargis: Warnings and information issued by the Department of Meteorology and Hydrology (DMH) of Myanmar, with WMO Assistance. https://www.wmo.int/pages/prog/dra/rap/documents/Shida2.pdfGoogle Scholar
TCG (Tripartite Core Group) (2008) Annex 12: Coastal Environment and Natural Resources Management. In Post-Nargis Joint Assessment (PONJA) Report, p. 124. Presented in Singapore; released concurrently in Yangon. https://reliefweb.int/report/myanmar/myanmar-post-nargis-joint-assessmentGoogle Scholar
Lwin, Tun (1981) A preliminary study to develop storm surge prediction techniques in Myanmar. Paper read at WMO Workshop on Storm Surge Prediction, 1981, Yangon, Myanmar.Google Scholar
Lwin, Tun (2002) Climate change over Myanmar during the last five decades. Water Resources Journal, ST/ESCAP/SER.C/212 (pp. 95–106). United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP).Google Scholar
Lwin, Tun (2008) Nargis: The Killer from the Sea. Presentation made at World Meteorological Organization Headquarters, Geneva, and at international workshops, seminars, and talks.Google Scholar
Lwin, Tun (2009) The Recent Climate Changes in Myanmar. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Paper presented at the UNEP/UNDP Workshop on Coastal Community Resilience and Disaster Risk Reduction (CCR and DRR).Google Scholar
Lwin, Tun (2015) Nargis and I. Yangon, Myanmar, Aung Publishing House.Google Scholar
U, Ohn (2009) Policy Framework for Protecting and Restoring of Mangroves and Other Natural Resources in the Delta for Sustainable Livelihoods. Yangon, Myanmar, Forest Resource Environment Development and Conservation Association (FREDA).Google Scholar
Wegerdt, J. and Mark, S. S. (2008) Post-Nargis Needs Assessment and Monitoring: ASEAN’s Pioneering Response. Jakarta, Indonesia, ASEAN Secretariat.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure coreplatform@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×