Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- List of abbreviations
- Foreword
- Preface
- Introduction
- Part I Scientific basis of pediatric HIV care
- Part II General issues in the care of pediatric HIV patients
- 7 Diagnosis of HIV-1 infection in children
- 8 Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV
- 9 Routine pediatric care
- 10 Immunizations
- 11 Prevention of opportunistic infections and other infectious complications of HIV in children
- 12 Emergency evaluation and care
- 13 Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in children and youth
- 14 Adolescents and HIV
- 15 Adolescent reproductive health and HIV
- 16 Growth, nutrition, and metabolism
- 17 Neurobehavioral function and assessment of children and adolescents with HIV-1 infection
- Part III Antiretroviral therapy
- Part IV Clinical manifestations of HIV infection in children
- Part V Infectious problems in pediatric HIV disease
- Part VI Medical, social, and legal issues
- Appendices
- Index
- Plate section
- References
14 - Adolescents and HIV
from Part II - General issues in the care of pediatric HIV patients
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 03 February 2010
By
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- List of abbreviations
- Foreword
- Preface
- Introduction
- Part I Scientific basis of pediatric HIV care
- Part II General issues in the care of pediatric HIV patients
- 7 Diagnosis of HIV-1 infection in children
- 8 Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV
- 9 Routine pediatric care
- 10 Immunizations
- 11 Prevention of opportunistic infections and other infectious complications of HIV in children
- 12 Emergency evaluation and care
- 13 Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in children and youth
- 14 Adolescents and HIV
- 15 Adolescent reproductive health and HIV
- 16 Growth, nutrition, and metabolism
- 17 Neurobehavioral function and assessment of children and adolescents with HIV-1 infection
- Part III Antiretroviral therapy
- Part IV Clinical manifestations of HIV infection in children
- Part V Infectious problems in pediatric HIV disease
- Part VI Medical, social, and legal issues
- Appendices
- Index
- Plate section
- References
Summary
Introduction
The HIV epidemic has had a profound impact upon adolescents, both within and outside the USA. Within the USA, as of December 2001, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimate that adolescents 13–19 years of age made up less than 1% of persons with AIDS, and young adults from 20–29 years of age accounted for 16% of all reported AIDS cases [1]. This reflects 4428 reported cases in adolescents 13–19 years of age and 28 665 reported in young adults 20–24 years of age. Statistical modeling suggests that one in four new HIV infections occur in persons under the age of 22 [2]. The data suggest that infections are increasing in young women infected through heterosexual transmission and in young men through male-to-male sexual transmission. It is estimated that over 100 000 adolescents are living with HIV in the USA, although most are unaware of their infection [3]. By the end of 2001, it was estimated that worldwide, 11.8 million people aged 15–24 were living with HIV/AIDS. Internationally, more than half of new infections occur in individuals under 25 years of age. Thus, HIV disease in adolescents is a central part of the HIV pandemic.
Epidemiology
An understanding of the modes of HIV transmission among adolescents provides an essential framework for the design of interventions aimed at decreasing new infections and strategies for treating infected adolescent patients. Male-to-male sexual transmission accounts for the majority of AIDS in young men in the USA.
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- Textbook of Pediatric HIV Care , pp. 197 - 204Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2005
References
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