Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
  • This book is no longer available to purchase from Cambridge Core
  • Cited by 24
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
June 2012
Print publication year:
2009
Online ISBN:
9780511817601

Book description

Where does today's English come from? This new edition of the bestseller by Charles Barber tells the story of the language from its remote ancestry to the present day. In response to demand from readers, a brand new chapter on late modern English has been added for this edition. Using dozens of familiar texts, including the English of King Alfred, Chaucer, Shakespeare, and Addison, the book tells you everything you need to know about the English language, where it came from and where it's going to. This edition adds new material on English as a global language and explains the differences between the main varieties of English around the world. Clear explanations of linguistic ideas and terms make it the ideal introduction for students on courses in English language and linguistics, and for all readers fascinated by language.

Refine List

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
×

Contents

Bibliography
Primary sources
Andrew, M. and Waldron, R. (eds.), The Poems of the Pearl Manuscript: Pearl, Cleanness, Patience, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Exeter: University of Exeter Press, 1987
Bede, , the Venerable, Ecclesiastical History of the English People, ed. Colgrave, B. and Mynors, R.A.B., Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969
Bible, , The Holy Bible, conteyning the Old Testament, and the New (‘The King James Bible’), London, 1611
Bible, , The New English Bible, Oxford: Oxford University Press and Cambridge University Press, 1970
Bond, D.F. (ed.), The Spectator, 5 vols., Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1965
Bright, J.W. (ed.), The Gospel of Saint Luke in West-Saxon, Boston: D.C. Heath, 1906
Chaucer, G., The Canterbury Tales. A Facsimile and Transcription of the Hengwrt Manuscript, ed. Ruggiers, Paul G., Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, Folkestone: Wm Dawson and Sons, 1978
Chaucer, G., The Riverside Chaucer, ed. Benson, Larry D., third edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988
Clark, C. (ed.), The Peterborough Chronicle: 1070–1154, second edition, London: Oxford University Press, 1970
Dickens, B. and Wilson, R.M. (eds), Early Middle English Texts, London: Bowes and Bowes, 1951
Franzen, C. (ed.), Worcester Manuscripts, Anglo-Saxon Manuscripts in Microfiche Facsimile 6, Tempe: Arizona Center for Medieval and Renaissance Studies, 1998
Henryson, R., The Poems, ed. Fox, Denton, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1981
Higden, Ranulf, Polychronicon, ed. Babington, C. and Lumby, J. R., 9 vols., London: Longmans, 1865–86
Klaeber, F. (ed.), Beowulf and the Fight at Finnsburg, third edition, with supplements, London: D.C. Heath, 1950
Krapp, G.P. and Dobbie, E.V.K. (eds.), The Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records, 6 vols., New York: Columbia University Press, 1931–42
Plummer, C., Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel, 2 vols., Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1892–9
Scragg, D.G. (ed.), The Battle of Maldon, Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1981
Schmidt, A.V.C. (ed.), The Vision of Piers Plowman, London: Dent, 1978
Shakespeare, W., The History of Henrie the Fourth, London, 1598
Shakespeare, W., Henry the Fifth, London, 1600
Shakespeare, W., Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories and Tragedies, London, 1623
Sisam, K. (ed.), Fourteenth Century Verse and Prose, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1921
Sprat, Thomas, The History of the Royal-Society of London, London, 1667
Sweet, H. (ed.), King Alfred's Orosius, London: Early English Text Society, 1883
Sweet, H. (ed.), Sweet's Anglo-Saxon Reader, rev. Whitelock, Dorothy, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1967
Tacitus, , On Britain and Germany, trans. Mattingly, H., West Drayton: Penguin Books, 1948
Timmer, B.J. (ed.), Judith, Exeter: University of Exeter Press, 1978
Wright, W.A. (ed.), The Metrical Chronicle of Robert of Gloucester, 2 vols., London: H.M. Stationery Office, 1887
Wycliffe, John, The Holy Bible translated by Wycliffe and his followers, ed. Forshall, J. and Madden, F., 4 vols., Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1850
Secondary sources
Adams, V. (1973). An Introduction to Modern English Word-Formation, London: Longman
Adamson, S., Hunter, L., Magnusson, L., Thompson, A. and Wales, K. (2001). Reading Shakespeare's Dramatic Language (The Arden Shakespeare), London: Thomson Learning
Aitchison, J. (1987a). Linguistics, third edition, London: Hodder and Stoughton
Aitchison, J. (1987b). Words in the Mind, Oxford: Blackwell
Aitchison, J. (1989). The Articulate Mammal, third edition, London: Unwin Hyman/Routledge
Aitchison, J. (1991). Language Change: Progress or Decay?, second edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Aitken, A.J. and Mcarthur, T. (1979). Languages of Scotland, Edinburgh: Chambers
Algeo, J. (ed.) (2001). The Cambridge History of the English Language, vol. 6: English in North America, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Anttila, R. (1989). Historical and Comparative Linguistics, second edition, Amsterdam: John Benjamins
Atkinson, M., Kilby, D. and Roca, I. (1988). Foundations of General Linguistics, second edition, London: Allen and Unwin
Bailey, C.-J.N. and Harris, R. (eds.) (1985). Developmental Mechanisms of Language, Oxford: Pergamon Press
Bailey, B.L. (1966). Jamaican Creole Syntax, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Bailey, R.W. (1996). Nineteenth-century English, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press
Bailey, R.W. and Görlach, M. (1982). English as a World Language, Ann Arbor: Michigan University Press
Baldi, P. (1983). An Introduction to the Indo-European Languages, Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press
Barber, C. (1964). Linguistic Change in Present-day English, Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd
Barber, C. (1976). Early Modern English, London: Deutsch
Barber, C. (1983). Poetry in English: an Introduction. London: Macmillan
Barber, C. (1985). ‘Linguistic Change in Present-Day English. Some Afterthoughts’, in Papers on Language and Literature, ed. Backman, S. and Kjellmer, G., Göteborg: University of Gothenburg, 36–45
Barnes, M. P. (2007). A New Introduction to Old Norse, part I: Grammar, third edition, London: Viking Society for Northern Research
Bauer, L. (1983). English Word Formation, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Bauer, L. (1994). Watching English Change: an Introduction to the Study of Linguistic Change in Standard Englishes in the Twentieth Century, London: Longman
Baugh, A. C. and Cable, T. (2002). A History of the English Language, fifth edition, London: Routledge
Beal, J. C. (1999). English Pronunciation in the Eighteenth Century, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Beal, J. C. (2004). English in Modern Times 1700–1945, London: Arnold
Björkman, E. (1900–2). Scandinavian Loan Words in Middle English, Halle: Niemeyer
Blair, D. and Collins, P. (eds.) (2000). English in Australia, Philadelphia, PA: Benjamins
Blank, P. (1996). Broken English: Dialects and the Politics of Language in Renaissance Writings, London: Routledge
Bloomfield, L. (1933). Language, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston; London: Allen and Unwin
Bosworth, J. and Toller, T.N. (1898). An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
Britain, D. (ed.) (2007). Language in the British Isles, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Brugmann, K. (1888–95). Elements of the Comparative Grammar of the Indo-Germanic Languages, trans. Wright, J., Conway, R.S. and Rouse, W.H.D., 5 vols., London: Kegan Paul
Brunner, K. (1963). An Outline of Middle English Grammar, trans. Johnston, G.K.W., Oxford: Blackwell
Burchfield, R. (ed.) (1994). The Cambridge History of the English Language, vol. 5: English in Britain and Overseas: Origin and Development, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Burrow, J.A. and Turville-Petre, T. (eds.) (1992). A Book of Middle English, Oxford: Blackwell
Bynon, T. (1983). Historical Linguistics, new edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Cameron, K. (1977). English Place-Names, third edition, London: Batsford
Campanile, E. (1998). ‘The Indo-Europeans: Origins and Culture’, in Ramat, and Ramat, (eds.), 1–24
Campbell, A. (1962). Old English Grammar, reprinted with corrections, London: Oxford University Press
Campbell, J. (ed.) (1982). The Anglo-Saxons, Oxford: Phaidon
Cardona, G., Hoenigswald, H.M. and Senn, A. (eds.) (1970). Indo-European and Indo-Europeans, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press
Cassidy, F. G. (1961). Jamaica Talk, London: Macmillan
Cercignani, F. (1981). Shakespeare's Works and Elizabethan Pronunciation, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Cheshire, J. (ed.) (1991). English around the World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Childe, V.G. (1926). The Aryans, London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner
Chomsky, N. (1957). Syntactic Structures, The Hague: Mouton
Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the Theory of Syntax, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
Chomsky, N. and Halle, M. (1968). The Sound Pattern of English, New York: Harper and Row
Comrie, B. (1989). Language Universals and Linguistic Typology, second edition, Oxford: Blackwell
Croft, W. (1990). Typology and Universals, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Crowley, T. (2003). Standard English and the Politics of Language, second edition, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan
Cruttenden, A. (2001). Gimson's Pronunciation of English: revised by Alan Cruttenden, sixth edition, London: Arnold
Crystal, D. (1969). Prosodic Systems and Intonation in English, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Denison, D. (1993). English Historical Syntax: Verbal Construction, London: Longman
Devitt, A. (1989). Standardizing Written English, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Dillard, J.L. (1992), A History of American English, London: Longman
Dobson, E.J. (1968). English Pronunciation 1500–1700, 2 vols., second edition. Oxford: Clarendon Press
Dyen, I., Kruskal, J.B. and Black, P. (1992). An Indoeuropean Classification: a Lexicostatistical Experiment, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, n.s. vol. 82, part 5, Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society
Ekwall, E. (1960). The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Place-Names, fourth edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Ekwall, E. (1975). A History of Modern English Sounds and Morphology, trans. Ward, Allan, Oxford: Blackwell
Ellegård, A. (1953). The Auxiliary Do, Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell
Elliott, R.W.V. (1989). Runes: an Introduction, second edition, Manchester: Manchester University Press
Fennell, B. (2001). A History of English: a Sociolinguistic Approach, Oxford: Blackwell
Fisiak, J. (1968). A Short Grammar of Middle English, London: Oxford University Press
Fortson, B.W., IV. (2004). Indo-European Language and Culture: an Introduction, Oxford: Blackwell
Foster, B. (1968). The Changing English Language, Harmondsworth, Middlesex: Penguin Books
Foulkes, P. and Docherty, G.J. (eds.) (1999). Urban Voices: Accent Studies in the British Isles, London: Arnold
Francis, A.N. (1958). The Structure of American English, New York: Ronald Press
Gamkrelidze, T.V. and Ivanov, V.V. (1990). ‘The Early History of Indo-European Languages’, Scientific American, March, 82–9
Gamkrelidze, T.V. and Ivanov, V.V. (1995). Indo-European and the Indo-Europeans: a Reconstruction and Historical Analysis of a Proto-Language and a Proto-Culture, 2 vols., trans. Nichols, Johanna, Berlin: de Gruyter
Gelling, M. (1988). Signposts to the Past: Place-Names and the History of England, second edition, Chichester: Phillimore
Gelling, M. and Cole, A. (2000). The Landscape of Place-Names, Stamford: Shaun Tyas
Gimbutas, M. (1970). ‘Proto-Indo-European Culture: the Kurgan Culture during the Fifth, Fourth, and Third Millennia B.C.’, in Cardona, Hoenigswald, and Senn, (eds.), 155–97
Gimson, A.C. (1989). AnIntroduction to the Pronunciation of English, fourth edition, London: Edward Arnold
Godden, M. and Lapidge, M. (eds.) (1991). The Cambridge Companion to Old English Literature, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Gordon, E., Campbell, L., Hay, J., Maclagan, M., Sudbury, A. and Trudgill, P. (2004). New Zealand English: its Origin and Evolution, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Görlach, M. (1991). Introduction to Early Modern English, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Görlach, M. (1999). English in Nineteenth-century England, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Görlach, M. (2001). Eighteenth-century English, Heidelberg: Winter
Görlach, M. and Holm, J. (eds.) (1986). Focus on the Caribbean, Amsterdam: Benjamins
Gray, R.D. and Atkinson, Q.D. (2003). ‘Language-Tree Divergence Times Support the Anatolian Theory of Indo-European Origin’, Nature, 426: 435–9
Green, D.H. (1998). Language and History in the Early Germanic World, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Greenbaum, S. and Quirk, R. (1990). A Student's Grammar of the English Language, London: Longman
Greenberg, J.H. (1966). ‘Some Universals of Grammar with Particular Reference to the Order of Meaningful Elements’, in Universals of Language, ed. Greenberg, J.H., second edition, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press
Hawkins, J. (1983). Word Order Universals, New York: Academic Press
Hawkins, J. (ed.) (1988). Explaining Language Universals, Oxford: Blackwood
Hill, A.A. (1958). Introduction to Linguistic Structures, New York: Harcourt Brace
Hock, H.H. (1986). Principles of Historical Linguistics, Berlin: Mouton
Hogg, R.M. (1992). A Grammar of Old English, Oxford: Blackwell
Hogg, R.M. and Denison, D. (eds.) (2006). A History of the English Language, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Holm, J. (1988–9). Pidgins and Creoles, 2 vols., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Holmberg, B. (1964). On the Concept of Standard English and the History of Modern English Pronunciation, Lund: CWK Gleerup
Holthausen, F. (1909–49). A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles, 7 vols., London: Allen and Unwin
Holthausen, F. (1934). Altenglisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Carl Winter
Hope, J. (2003). Shakespeare's Grammar (The Arden Shakespeare), London: Thomson Learning
Jenkins, J. (2003). World Englishes: a Resource Book for Students, London: Routledge
Jespersen, O. (1909–49). A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles, Heidelberg: Winter: Copenhagen: Munksgaard
Jones, C. (1972). An Introduction to Middle English, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston
Jones, C. (2006). English Pronunciation in the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan
Jones, D. (1962). The Phoneme: its Nature and Use, second edition, Cambridge: Heffer
Jones, G. (1984). A History of the Vikings, second edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press
Jones, G. (1986). The Norse Atlantic Saga, second edition, Oxford: Oxford University Press
Jones, R.F. (1953). The Triumph of the English Language, London: Oxford University Press
Jordan, R. (1968). Handbuch der mittelenglischen Grammatik, third edition, Heidelberg: Carl Winter
Jordan, R. (1974). Handbook of Middle English Grammar: Phonology, translated and revised by Crook, Eugene J., The Hague: Mouton
Kortmann, B. and Schneider, E. W. (eds.) (2004). A Handbook of Varieties of English, vol. 1: Phonology; vol. 2: Morphology and Syntax, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter
Kurath, H., Kuhn, S.M. and Lewis, R.E. (1952–). Middle English Dictionary, 15 vols., Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press: continuing
Labov, W. (1972). Sociolinguistic Patterns, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press
Labov, W. (1994). Principles of Linguistic Change, vol. 1: Internal Factors, Oxford: Blackwell
Labov, W. (2001). Principles of Linguistic Change, vol. 2: Social Factors, Oxford: Blackwell
Lass, R. (ed.) (1999). The Cambridge History of the English Language, vol. 3: 1476–1776, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Lehmann, W.P. (1952). Proto-Indo-European Phonology, Austin: University of Texas Press
Lehmann, W.P. (1973). Historical Linguistics: an Introduction, second edition, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston
Lehmann, W.P. (1974). Proto-Indo-European Syntax, Austin: University of Texas Press
Leith, D. (1983). A Social History of English, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul
Leonard, S.A. (1929). The Doctrine of Correctness in English Usage 1700–1800, New York: Russell
Lieberman, P. (1984). The Biology and Evolution of Language, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
Lockwood, W.B. (1969). Indo-European Philology, London: Hutchinson
Lockwood, W.B. (1975). Languages of the British Isles Past and Present, London: Deutsch
Lockwood, W.B. (1976). An Informal History of the German Language, London: Deutsch
Luick, K. (1914–21). Historische Grammatik der englischen Sprache, Leipzig: Tauchnitz
Lyons, J. (1968). Introduction to Theoretical Linguistics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
McIntosh, A., Samuels, M.L. and Benskin, M. (1986). A Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval English, 4 vols., Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press
McMahon, A.M.S. (1994). Understanding Language Change, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
McMahon, A.M.S. and McMahon, R. (2005). Language Classification by Numbers, Oxford: Oxford University Press
Mair, C. (2006). Twentieth-century English: History, Variation and Standardization, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Marchand, H. (1969). The Categories and Types of Present-day English Word-formation, second edition, Munich: C.H. Beck
Marckwardt, A.H. (1980). American English, second edition, New York: Oxford University Press
Martinet, A. (1955). Economie des changements phonétiques, Berne: Francke Verlag
Michael, I.L. (1970). Grammatical Categories and the Tradition to 1800, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Mills, A.D. (2003). A Dictionary of British Place-Names, Oxford: Oxford University Press
Milroy, J. and Milroy, L. (1985). Authority in Language, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul
Mitchell, B. (1987). Old English Syntax, 2 vols: reprinted with corrections, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Mitchell, B. and Robinson, F.C. (2007). A Guide to Old English, seventh edition, Oxford: Blackwell
Mossé, F. (1952). A Handbook of Middle English, trans. Walker, J.A., Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press
Murison, D. (1977). The Guid Scots Tongue, Edinburgh: Blackwood
Mustanoja, T.F. (1960). A Middle English Syntax, part I, Helsinki: Mémoires de la Société Néophilologique de Helsinki
Nevalainen, T. (2006). An Introduction to Early Modern English, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press
Nevalainen, T. and Raumolin-Brunberg, H. (2003) Historical Sociolinguistics: Language Change in Tudor and Stuart England, London: Longman
Odumuh, A.E. (1987). Nigerian English (NigE), Zaria: Ahmadu Bello University Press
Onions, C.T. (1966). The Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Oppenheimer, S. (2006). The Origins of the British: a Genetic Detective Story, London: Constable
Orton, H. and Dieth, E. (1962–71). Survey of English Dialects, 5 vols., Leeds: Edward Arnold
Orton, H. and Dieth, E.The Oxford English Dictionary (1989). second edition, 20 vols., Oxford: Clarendon Press
Page, R.I. (1973). An Introduction to English Runes, London: Methuen
Page, R.I. (1987). Runes, London: British Museum
Parsons, D.N. (1999). Recasting the Runes: the Reform of the Anglo-Saxon Furthorc, Uppsala: Institutionen för nordiska språk
Poplack, S. (ed.) (1999). The English History of African-American English, Oxford: Blackwell
Potter, S. (1969). Changing English, London: Deutsch
Prokosch, E. (1939). A Comparative Germanic Grammar, Philadelphia: Linguistic Society of America, University of Pennsylvania
Quirk, R., Greenbaum, S., Leech, G. and Svartvik, J. (1972). A Grammar of Contemporary English, London: Longman
Quirk, R., Greenbaum, S., Leech, G. and Svartvik, J. (1985). A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language, London: Longman
Quirk, R. and Wrenn, C.L. (1957). An Old English Grammar, second edition, London: Methuen
Ramat, A.G. and Ramat, P. (eds.) (1998). The Indo-European Languages, London: Routledge
Ramson, W.S. (ed.) (1970). English Transported: Essays on Australasian English, Canberra: Australian National University Press
Reaney, P.H. (1960). The Origin of English Place-Names, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul
Renfrew, C. (1987). Archaeology and Language: the Puzzle of Indo-European Origins, London: Jonathan Cape
Renfrew, C. (1989). ‘Models of Change in Language and Archaeology’, Transactions of the Philological Society, 87(2): 103–55
Roach, P. (1991). English Phonetics and Phonology, second edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Robertson, S. (1954). The Development of Modern English, second edition, rev. Cassidy, F.G., New York: Prentice-Hall
Robinson, O.W. (1992). Old English and Its Closest Relatives, London: Routledge
Romaine, S. (1988). Pidgin and Creole Languages, London: Longman
Romaine, S. (ed.) (1998). The Cambridge History of the English Language, vol. 4: 1776–1997, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Ruhlen, M. (1991). A Guide to the World's Languages, vol. 1: Classification, London: Edward Arnold
Sapir, E. (1921). Language, London: Oxford University Press
Saussure, F. (1916). Cours de linguistique générale, Paris: Payot
Saussure, F. (1960). Course in General Linguistics, London: Owen
Savory, T.H. (1967). The Language of Science, revised edition, London: Deutsch
Sawyer, P.H. (1971). The Age of the Vikings, second edition, London: Arnold
Sawyer, P.H. (1982). Kings and Vikings: Scandinavia and Europe AD 700–1100, London: Methuen
Schrader, O. (1890). Prehistoric Antiquities of the Aryan Peoples, London: Griffin
Scragg, D.G. (1974). A History of English Spelling, Manchester: Manchester University Press
Sebba, M. (1997). Contact Languages: Pidgins and Creoles, London: Macmillan
Serjeantson, M.S. (1935). A History of Foreign Words in English, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul
Sheard, J.A. (1954). The Words We Use, London: Deutsch
Singh, I. (2000). Pidgins and Creoles: an Introduction, London: Arnold
Smith, A.H. (1970). The Place-Name Elements, 2 vols., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Smith, J. (1996). An Historical Study of English: Function, Form and Change, London: Routledge
Starnes, W.T. and Noyes, G.E. (1991). The English Dictionary from Cawdrey to Johnson, new edition by Stein, Gabriele, Amsterdam: Benjamins
Stein, G. (1985). The English Dictionary Before Cawdrey, Tübingen: M. Niemeyer
Stenton, F.M. (1971). Anglo-Saxon England, third edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Strang, B.M.H. (1968). Modern English Structure, second edition, London: Edward Arnold
Strang, B.M.H. (1970). A History of English, London: Methuen
Stratmann, F.H. and Bradley, H. (1891). A Middle-English Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Streitberg, W. (1943). Urgermanische Grammatik, Heidelberg: Carl Winter
Szemerényi, O.J.L. (1985). ‘Recent Developments in Indo-European Linguistics’, Transactions of the Philological Society, 1–71
Todd, L. (1990). Pidgins and Creoles, second edition, London: Routledge
Toller, T.N. (1921). AnAnglo-Saxon Dictionary. Supplement, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Trask, R.L. (1994). Language Change, London: Routledge
Traugott, E.C. (1972). A History of English Syntax, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston
Trudgill, P. and Hannah, J. (2002). International English, fourth edition, London: Edward Arnold
Turner, G.W. (1972). The English Language in Australia and New Zealand, second edition, London: Longman
Vallins, G.H. (1965). Spelling, revised by Scragg, D.G.. London: Deutsch
Visser, F.T. (1963–73). An Historical Syntax of the English Language, 3 parts in 5 volumes, Leiden: E.J. Brill
Voyles, J.B. (1992). Early Germanic Grammar: Pre-, Proto-, and Post-Germanic Languages, San Diego: Academic Press
Walshe, M.O'C. (1965). Introduction to the Scandinavian Languages, London: Deutsch
Wardale, E.E. (1937). An Introduction to Middle English, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul
Wells, J.C. (1982). Accents of English, 3 vols., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Wells, J.C. (2006). English Intonation: an Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
Wolfram, W. and Schilling-Estes, N. (1998). American English: Dialects and Variation, Oxford: Blackwell
Wolfram, W. and Thomas, E. (2002). The Development of African-American English, Oxford: Blackwell
Wright, J. and Wright, E.M. (1925). Old English Grammar, third edition, London: Oxford University Press
Wright, J. and Wright, E.M. (1928). An Elementary Middle English Grammar, second edition, London: Oxford University Press
Wright, L.B. (1935). Middle-Class Culture in Elizabethan England, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press
Wyld, H.C. (1936). A History of Modern Colloquial English, third edition, Oxford: Blackwell
Electronic resources
A Key to English Place-Names www.nottingham.ac.uk/english/ins/epntest/intro.html [accessed January 2008]
Dipaolo Healey, A. (ed.). Dictionary of Old English Web Corpus quod.lib.umich.edu/o/oec/ [accessed January 2008]
Gordon, R.G.., (ed.) (2005). Ethnologue: Languages of the World, fifteenth edition, Dallas: SIL International. Online version: www.ethnologue.com/ [accessed January 2008]
Kurath, H. and others (eds.). Middle English Dictionary quod.lib.umich.edu/m/med/ [accessed January 2008]
Simpson, John, (ed). (2000). Oxford English Dictionary, third edition online, Oxford: Oxford University Press. dictionary.oed.com [accessed January 2008] <chap> <chap>

Metrics

Altmetric attention score

Full text views

Total number of HTML views: 0
Total number of PDF views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

Book summary page views

Total views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

* Views captured on Cambridge Core between #date#. This data will be updated every 24 hours.

Usage data cannot currently be displayed.