Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
  • Cited by 203
Publisher:
Cambridge University Press
Online publication date:
September 2009
Print publication year:
2007
Online ISBN:
9780511491924

Book description

The European Union today stands on the brink of radical institutional and constitutional change. The most recent enlargement and proposed legal reforms reflect a commitment to democracy: stabilizing political life for citizens governed by new regimes, and constructing a European Union more accountable to civil society. Despite the perceived novelty of these reforms, this book explains (through quantitative data and qualitative case analyses) how the European Court of Justice has developed and sustained a vibrant tradition of democratic constitutionalism since the 1960s. The book documents the dramatic consequences of this institutional change for civil society and public policy reform throughout Europe. Cichowski offers detailed empirical and historical studies of gender equality and environmental protection law across fifteen countries and over thirty years, revealing important linkages between civil society, courts and the construction of governance. The findings bring into question dominant understandings of legal integration.

Reviews

‘Rachel Cichowski's interesting and well-written book is a welcome addition to the literature on supranational governance and the role of the European Court of Justice. It takes its place within a more recent genre of genuinely interdisciplinary EU scholarship, which brings together the rigour of political science methodology and attention to empirical detail with a nuanced understanding of law, litigation and the judicial role in the evolution of the European Union.’

Grainne De Búrca - Professor of European Law, European University Institute

'With its emphasis on the role and dynamics of public interest litigation and mobilization, this book offers valuable empirical data as well as wider theoretical reflections on the institutionalization processes of supranational governance. Fascinating reading for those interested in the institutional evolution of the EU and in particular judicial politics.'

Deirdre Curtin - School of Governance, Utrecht University

‘A devastating critique of the intergovernmental approach to understanding the EU, Cichowski’s study integrates the European Court of Justice into our understanding of European policy. Cichowski moves beyond a narrow set of concerns about supreme courts, judicial review and activism and restraint and pursues broader questions about courts, public policy and transnational social movements. At last, gender equality policy studied not just as legal doctrine but as a contested policy terrain where strategic players include litigants, national equality agencies, states and transnational actors is given the prominence its policy importance merits. By comparing gender equality policy with environmental policy, Cichowski is able to generalize beyond one policy domain to make larger claims about European Union policy. A fine piece of scholarship that will be of interest to scholars of the European Union, comparative politics, public policy, gender and environmental policy, international relations and law and courts.'

Sally J. Kenney - Professor, Public Affairs and Law and Director, Center on Women and Public Policy, Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs

'An exemplary addition to a growing interdisciplinary body of literature on the European union (EU) … new and important insights into the role of civil society litigation and mobilization in spurring institutional change and supranational governanace.'

Source: Law & Society Review

' … a remarkably impressive work.… The research is thorough, even exhaustive, strikingly well-documented, and presented both quantitatively and with a detailed narrative that qives a qualitative picture of the politics and legal action on the ground.'

Leslie F. Goldstein - University of Delaware

'Cichowski's tireless and careful empirical efforts reveal a treasure trove of findings.'

Source: Political Studies Review

Refine List

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
×

Contents

References
References
Court of Justice of the European Communities Decisions cited in the text
Social provisions
ECJ 1970. Internationale Handesgesellschaft, Case 11/70, European Court Reports (ECR) 1970: 1125.
ECJ 1971. Defrenne I, Case 80/70, ECR 1971: 445.
ECJ 1976a. Defrenne II, Case 43/75, ECR 1976: 455.
ECJ 1978. Defrenne III, Case 149/77, ECR 1978: 1365.
ECJ 1980. Macarthy, Case 12/79, ECR 1980: 1275.
ECJ 1981a. Jenkins, Case 96/80, ECR 1981: 911.
ECJ 1981c. Worringham, Case 69/80, ECR 1981: 767.
ECJ 1982b. Garland, Case 12/81, ECR 1982: 359.
ECJ 1984b. Hoffman, Case 184/83, ECR 1984: 645.
ECJ 1985b. Case 19/83, ECR 1985: 457.
ECJ 1986a. Bilka, Case 170/84, ECR 1986: 1607.
ECJ 1986b. Von Colson, Case 14/83, ECR 1986: 1891.
ECJ 1986c. Johnston, Case 222/84, ECR 1986: 1651.
ECJ 1989b. Rinner-Kühn, Case 171/88, ECR 1989: 2743.
ECJ 1989d. Danfoss, Case 12/54, ECR 1989: 345.
ECJ 1990a. Barber, Case 262/88, ECR 1990: 1889.
ECJ 1990c. Dekker, Case C-177/88, ECR 1990: 3941.
ECJ 1990d. Hertz, Case C-179/88, ECR 1990: 3979.
ECJ 1991b. Stoekel, Case C-345/89, ECR 1991: 4047
ECJ 1993a. Marshall II, Case C-271/91, ECR 1993: 4367.
ECJ 1993b. Moroni, Case C-110/91, ECR 1993: 6591.
ECJ 1993c. Ten Oever, Case C-109/91, ECR 1993: 4879.
ECJ 1993d. Neath, Case C-152/91, ECR 1993: 6935.
ECJ 1994c. Haberman-Beltermann v. Arbeiterwohlfahrt, Case C-421/92, ECR 1994: 1657.
ECJ 1994d. Webb, Case C-32/93, ECR 1994: 3567.
ECJ 1995a. Kalanke, Case C-450/93, ECR 1995: 3051.
ECJ 1996a. Gillespie, Case C-342/93, ECR 1996: 475.
ECJ 1996d. P v. S and Cornwall County Council, Case C-13/94, ECR 1996: 2143.
ECJ 1997a. Draehmpaehl, Case C-180/95, ECR 1997: 2195.
ECJ 1997b. Larsson, Case C-400/95, ECR 1997: 4135.
ECJ 1997c. Marschall, Case C-409/95, ECR 1997: 865.
ECJ 1997d. Commission v. French Republic, Case C-197/96, ECR 1997: 1489.
ECJ 1997e. Commission v. Italy, Case C-207/96, ECR 1997: 6869.
ECJ 1998a. Boyle, Case C- 411/96, ECR 1998: 6401.
ECJ 1998b. Pedersen, Case C-66/96, ECR 1998: 7327.
ECJ 1998d. Brown v. Rentokil Ltd., Case C-394/96, ECR 1998: 4185.
ECJ 1998e. Thibault, Case C-136/95, ECR 1998: 2011.
ECJ 1998g. Grant, Case C-249/96, ECR 1998: 346.
ECJ 1998h. Commission v United Kingdom, Case C-106/96, ECR 1998: 2729.
ECJ 1999a. Sirdar, Case C-273/97, ECR 1999: 7403.
ECJ 1999b. Lewen, Case C-333/97, ECR 1999: 7243.
ECJ 1999c. Abdoulaye, Case C-218/98, ECR 1999: 5723.
ECJ 2000a. Kreil, Case C-285/98, ECR 2000: 69.
ECJ 2000d. Mahlburg, Case C-207/98, ECR 2000: 549.
ECJ 2001a. Melgar, Case C-438/99, ECR 2001: 6915.
ECJ 2001b. Tele Danmark, Case C-109/00, ECR 2001: 6993.
ECJ 2003a. Busch, Case C-320/01, ECR 2003: 2041.
ECJ 2004a. Gómez, Case C-342/01, ECR 2004: 2605.
ECJ 2004b. Alabaster, Case C-147/02, ECR 2004: 3101.
ECJ 2004c. Sass, Case C-284/02, ECR 2004: 11143.
ECJ 2005. Mayer, Case C-356/03, ECR 2005: 295.
Environmental protection
ECJ 1976b. Handelskwekerij GJ Bier, Case 21/76, ECR 1976: 1735
ECJ 1981b. Van Dam & Zonen, Case 124/80, ECR 1981: 1447.
ECJ 1983. Inter-Huiles, Case 172/82, ECR 1983: 555.
ECJ 1984a. Rhône-Alpes Huiles, Case 295/82, ECR 1984: 575.
ECJ 1985a. ADBHU, Case C-240/83, ECR 1985: 531.
ECJ 1987a. Pretore di Salo (Anglers' Assoc.), Case 14/86, ECR 1987: 2545
ECJ 1987b. Commission v. Belgium, Case 247/85, ECR 1987: 3029.
ECJ 1987c. Commission v. France, Case 262/85, ECR 1987: 3073.
ECJ 1987d. Commission v. Germany, Case 412/85, ECR 1987: 3503.
ECJ 1987e. Commission v. Netherlands, Case 236/85, ECR 1987: 3989.
ECJ 1987f. Angler's Association, Case 14/86, ECR 1987: 2545.
ECJ 1988a. Commission v. Denmark (Danish Bottles), Case 302/86, ECR 1988: 4621.
ECJ 1988b. Commission v. France, Case 252/85, ECR 1988: 2243.
ECJ 1989c. Nijman, Case 125/88, ECR 1989: 3533.
ECJ 1990b. Gourmetterie Van den Burg, Case 169/89, ECR 1990: 2143.
ECJ 1990e. Vessosso and Zanetti, Cases 206 & 207/88, ECR 1990: 1461.
ECJ 1990f. Zanetti and others, Case 359/88 ECR 1990: 1509.
ECJ 1990g. Commission v Netherlands, Case 339/87, ECR 1990: 851.
ECJ 1991e. Commission v. Germany (Leybucht Dykes), Case 57/89 ECR 1991: 903.
ECJ 1991f. Commission v. Italy, Case 157/89, ECR 1991: 57.
ECJ 1991g. Commission v. Italy, Case 334/89, ECR 1991: 93.
ECJ 1991h. Commission v. Italy, Case 361/88, ECR 1991: 2567.
ECJ 1991i. Commission v. Council (Titanium Dioxide), Case 200/89, ECR 1991: 2867.
ECJ 1993e. Vanacker, Case C-37/92 ECR 1993: 4947.
ECJ 1993f. Commission v. Spain (Santoña Marshes), Case 355/90 ECR 1993: 4221.
ECJ 1994a. Association de Animaux, Case C-435/92, ECR 1994: 67.
ECJ 1994e. Difesa della Cava, Case C-236/92, ECR 1994: 483.
ECJ 1994f. An Taisce/WWF v. Commission, Case 585/93, ECR 1994: 733.
ECJ 1995b. Commission v. Germany, C-422/92 ECR 1995: 1097.
ECJ 1995c. Greenpeace v. Commission, C-461/93 ECR 1995: 2205.
ECJ 1996b. Ligue belge des oiseaux, Case C-10/96, ECR 1996: 6775.
ECJ 1996e. WWF Italia and others, Case C-118/94 ECR 1996: 1223.
ECJ 1996f. Lappel Banks, Case C-44/95 ECR 1996: 3805.
ECJ 1996g. Vergy, Case C-149/94 ECR 1996: 299.
ECJ 1996h. Van der Feesten, Case C-202/94, ECR 1996: 355.
ECJ 1996i. Kraaijeveld, Case C-72/95, ECR 1996: 5403.
ECJ 1997f. Tombesi, joined Cases C-304/94, C-330/94, C-342/94 and C-224/95 ECR 1997: 3561.
ECJ 1997g. Commission v. Greece, Case C-329/96, ECR 1997: 3749.
ECJ 1997h. Commission v. Germany, Case C-83/97, ECR 1997: 7191.
ECJ 1998c. Greenpeace v. Commission, Case C-321/95, ECR 1998: 1651.
ECJ 1998f. Dusseldorp BV, C-Case 203/96 ECR 1998: 4075.
ECJ 1999d. Commission v. France, Case C-166/97, ECR 1999: 1719.
ECJ 1999e. Commission v. France, Case C-96/98, ECR 1999: 8531.
ECJ 2000b. Commission v. Greece, Case C-387/97, ECR 2000: 3214.
ECJ 2000c. First Corporate Shipping Ld. (FCS), Case C-371/98, ECR 2000: 9235.
ECJ 2000e. Commission v. France, Case C-374/98, ECR 2000: 10799.
ECJ 2001c. Tridon, Case C-510/99, ECR 2001: 7777.
ECJ 2003b. Nilsson, Case C-154/02, ECR 2003: 12733.
ECJ 2003c. League for the Protection of Birds & others, Case C-182/02, ECR 2003: 12105.
Other Decisions
ECJ 1963. Van Gend en Loos, Case 26/62, ECR 1963: 1.
ECJ 1964. Costa, Case 6/64, ECR 1964: 585.
ECJ 1974. Van Duyn, Case 41/74, ECR 1974: 1337.
ECJ 1975. Mr. and Mrs. F v. Belgium, Case 7/75, ECR 1975: 679.
ECJ 1979. Ratti, Case 148/78, ECR 1979: 1629.
ECJ 1982a. Becker, Case 8/81, ECR 1982: 53.
ECJ 1989a. Wachauf, Case 5/88, ECR 1989: 2609.
ECJ 1991a. Ellinkiki, Case C-260/89, ECR 1991: 2925.
ECJ 1991c. Commission v. Germany, Case C-131/88, ECR 1991: 825.
ECJ 1991d. Commission v. Germany, Case C-361/988, ECR 1991: 2567.
ECJ 1994b. Graff, Case C-351/92, ECR 1994: 3361.
ECJ 1996c. Bosphorus, Case C-84/95, ECR 1996: 3953.
ECJ 2002. Union de Pequeños Agricultores (UPA), Case C-50/00, ECR 2002: 6677.
ECJ 2003d. Schmidberger v Austria, Case C-112/00, ECR 2003: 5659.
Court of First Instance of the European Communities Decisions cited in the text
CFI 2002. Jégo-Quéré, Case T-177/01, ECR 2002: 2365.
Official European Union Documents cited in text
Commission of the European Communities (CEC) 1960. Bulletin of the European Communities, No. 6/7. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
CEC 1962. Bulletin of the European Communities, No. 1. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
CEC 1963. Bulletin of the European Communities, No. 2. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
CEC 1972. Bulletin of the European Communities, No. 10. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
CEC 1973a. First Community Action Programme on the Environment. OJ No. C 112, 20/12/73. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
CEC 1973b. Report of the Commission to the Council on the Application of the Principle of Equal Pay for Men and Women, situation on the 31 December 1972. SEC (73) 3000. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
CEC 1977. Second Community Action Programme on the Environment. OJ No. C 139, 13/6/77. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
CEC 1978. Women of Europe (1992), No. 6/78. Brussels: Women's Information Service, Directorate-General Audiovisual, Information, Communication, Culture.
CEC 1979. Official Journal of the European Communities (annual index edition, 1979). Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
CEC 1981. A New Community Action Programme on the Promotion of Equal Opportunities for Women (1982–1985), COM(81) 758. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
CEC 1982. Council Resolution on the promotion of equal opportunities for women. Official Journal C 186, 21.7.82, p. 3. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
CEC 1983. Community Law and Women, Women of Europe, Supplement No. 12. Brussels: Women's Information Service, Directorate-General Audiovisual, Information, Communication, Culture.
CEC 1984. Report of a Comparative Analysis of the Provision for Legal Redress in member states of the European Community in Respect of Article 119 of the Treaty of Rome and the Equal Pay, Equal Treatment and Social Securities Directive. Brussels: European Commission, Directorate General V Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs.
CEC 1985. Community Law and Women, Women of Europe, Supplement No. 19. Brussels: Women's Information Service, Directorate-General Audiovisual, Information, Communication, Culture.
CEC 1987a. Community Law and Women, Women of Europe, Supplement No. 12. Brussels: Women's Information Service, Directorate-General Audiovisual, Information, Communication, Culture.
CEC 1987b. Fourth Environmental Action Programme. O.J. C328/1. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
CEC 1988. Proposal for the Habitats Directive, COM (88) 381. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
CEC 1989. A Community strategy for waste management. SEC (89) 934. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
CEC 1990a. Proposal for a council directive concerning the protection at work of pregnant women or women who have recently given birth. COM (1990) 406. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
CEC 1990b. First Commission Report on the Implementation by Member States of EEC Environmental Law. Commission Document P-5. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
CEC 1990c. Equal Opportunities for women and men: The Third Medium Term Community Action Programme 1991–1995. COM (90) 449. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
CEC 1991. Eighth Annual Report on the Monitoring of the Application of Community Law (1990), COM (91) 338. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
CEC 1992. Women of Europe (1992), No. 70. Brussels: Women's Information Service, Directorate-General Audiovisual, Information, Communication, Culture.
CEC 1993a. Sex Equality Litigation in the Member States of the European Community: A Comparative Study. Brussels: European Commission, Directorate General V Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs.
CEC 1993c. Second Report on the Application of Directive No. 79/409/EEC on the Conservation of Wild Birds. COM (93) 572 final.
CEC 1993d. Fifth Environmental Action Programme. O.J. C138/1. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
CEC 1995a. Utilization of Sex Equality Litigation Procedures in the Member States of the European Community: A Comparative Study. Brussels: European Commission, Directorate General V Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs.
CEC 1995b. Opinion on the planned A20 motorway in Germany which will intersect the Trebel and Recknitz Valley. OJ EC 1995: C 178/3. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
CEC 1995c. European Social Policy: Options for the Union. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
CEC 1996. Directory of Interest Groups. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
CEC 1996a. Commission communication to the European Parliament and the Council on the interpretation of the judgment of the Court of Justice on 17 October 1995 in Case C-450/93, Kalanke v. Freie Hansestadt Bremen. COM (96) 88. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
CEC 1996b. Commission Opinion on the intersection of the Peene Valley by the planned A20 motorway pursuant to 6(4) of Directive 92/43/EEC. OJ EC 1996 L 6/14. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
CEC 1996c. Commission Communication on Implementation of EU Law. COM (96) 500. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
CEC 1996d. Thirteenth Annual Report on Monitoring the Application of Community Law, (1995). O.J. C303/1. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
CEC 1996e. Incorporating Equal Opportunities for Women and Men into all Community Policies and Activities. COM (96) 67 final. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
CEC 1997a. General Report 1996 of the Legal Experts Group on Equal Treatment of Men and Women. Monitoring Implementation and Application of Community Equality Law 1996. Brussels: European Commission, Directorate General V Employment and Social Affairs.
CEC 1997b. First Annual Survey on the Implementation and Enforcement of Community Environmental Law. Working Document of the Commission Services. Brussels. European Commission, Directorate General XI Environment.
CEC 1997c. Commission Communication On the Promoting the Role of Voluntary Organizations. COM (97) 23. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
CEC 1997d. Council Resolution on Access to Justice in the Implementation of EU law. O.J. C321/1. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
CEC 1998a. Directory of the Projects 1998. Medium-term Community Action Programme on Equal Opportunities for Women and Men. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
CEC 1998b. Equality Quarterly News. Newsletter of the Expert Legal Group on the Application of European Law on Equal Treatment between Women and Men, Spring 1998, No. 2. Brussels: European Commission, Directorate General Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs.
CEC 1998c. Equality is the Future. Congress Summary 21–22 September 1998. Brussels: European Commission, Directorate General Employment, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs.
CEC 1998d. Fifteenth Annual Report on Monitoring the Application of Community Law (1997) COM (98) 317. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
CEC 1999b. Monitoring, implementation and application of Community Equality Law. General Report 1997 & 1998 of the Legal Experts' Group on Equal Treatment of Men and Women. Brussels: European Commission, Directorate General Employment and Social Affairs.
CEC 1999c. On the Implementation of Council Directive 92/85/EEC of 19 October 1992. COM (1999) 100. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
CEC 1999d. Sixteenth Annual Report on the Monitoring of the Application of Community Law (1998), COM (1999) 301 final. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
CEC 1999e. European Social Policy Forum 1998 – Summary Report. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
CEC 2000a. Bulletin – Legal Issues in Equality, 1/2000. Directorate General for Employment and Social Affairs. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
CEC 2000b. Environment For Europeans. No. 3, July 2000. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
CEC 2000c. White Paper on European Governance: Enhancing Democracy in the European Union Work Programme. SEC (2000) 1547/7. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
CEC 2000d. Community Framework Strategy on Gender Equality. COM (2000) 335 final. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
CEC 2001. European Governance: A White Paper. COM (2001) 428. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
CEC 2002a. Access to Justice in Environmental Matters. Final Report prepared by Nicolas De Sadeleer, Gerhard Roller and Miriam Doss. ENV.A.3/ETU/2002/0030.
CEC 2002b. Summary. The Sixth Environmental Action Programme of the European Community 2002–2012. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
CEC 2003. Commission Proposal for a Directive on Access to Justice. COM (2003) 624. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
CEC 2004. Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Implentation of the Principle of Equal Opportunities and Equal Treatment of Men and Women in Matters of Employment and Occupation. Extended Impact Assessment. Commission Staff Working Paper. SEC (2004) 482. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities. http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/employment_social/gender_equality/legislation/legalacts_en.html.
CEC 2005a. Directory of Community Legislation in Force and other acts of the Community Institutions. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities. http://www.europa.eu.int/eur-lex/lex/en/repert/index.htm
CEC 2005b. Bulletin – Legal Issues in Equality, 2/2005. Directorate General for Employment and Social Affairs. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
European Parliament (EP). 1961. Rapport interimaire su l'egalisation des salaries masculins et feminins, Document 68, (October 1961). Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
EP 1981. The Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on Women's Rights (Maij-Weggen Report), Document 1–829/80–11. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
EP 1984. Reports of Enquiry, European Parliament Working Documents, 1–1229/83/C (Jaunary 1984). Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
Other Government Documents cited in the text
British Equal Opportunities Commission (EOC). 1980. Equality for Women, Assessment – Problems – Perspectives, a European project. Manchester: Equal Opportunities Commission.
United Nations Development Program (UNDP). 1997. Global Umbrella Programme for Gender Equality and the Advancement of Women: Gender Mainstreaming and the Advancement of Women. New York: United Nations Office for Project Services.
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). 1998. Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-Making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matter. Århus, Denmark, 25 June 1998. http://www.unece.org/env/pp/documents/cep43e.pdf
World Bank. 1997. Mainstreaming Gender in World Bank Lending: An Update. Washington D.C.: World Bank Operations Survey.
Non-Governmental Organization Publications/Information cited in the text
Bureau of International Recycling (BIR). 1996. BIR. In Philip, A. B. and Gray, O. (eds.), Directory of Pressure Groups in the EU. 2nd Edition. London, UK: Cartermill International Ltd.
Centre for Research on European Women (CREW). 1983. CREW Reports, Vol. 3, No. 1. Brussels: CREW Publications.
Centre for Research on European Women (CREW).1985. CREW Reports, Vol. 5, No. 2. Brussels: CREW Publications.
Centre for Research on European Women (CREW).1989. CREW Reports, Vol. 9, No. 11/12. Brussels: CREW Publications.
Centre for Research on European Women (CREW).1991. CREW Reports, Vol. 11, No. 5. Brussels: CREW Publications.
Centre for Research on European Women (CREW).1993. CREW Reports, Vol. 3, No. 8/9. Brussels: CREW Publications
Centre for Research on European Women (CREW).1994. CREW Reports, Vol. 14, No. 8/9. Brussels: CREW Publications.
Centre for Research on European Women (CREW).1996. Centre for Research on European Women. In Philip, A. B. and Gray, O. (eds.), Directory of Pressure Groups in the EU. 2nd Edition. London, UK: Cartermill International Ltd.
Council of European Municipalities and Region (CEMR). 1996. CEMR. In Philip, A. B. and Gray, O. (eds.), Directory of Pressure Groups in the EU. 2nd Edition. London, UK: Cartermill International Ltd.
European Anti-Poverty Network (EAPN). 1996. EAPN. In Philip, A. B. and Gray, O. (eds.), Directory of Pressure Groups in the EU. 2nd Edition. London, UK: Cartermill International Ltd.
European Bureau of Consumer Unions. 1996. BEUC. In Philip, Alan Butt and Gray, Oliver, Directory of Pressure Groups in the EU. 2nd Edition. London, UK: Cartermill International Ltd.
European Community of Consumer Cooperatives (EURO COOP). 1996. EURO COOP. In Philip, A. B. and Gray, O. (eds.), Directory of Pressure Groups in the EU. 2nd Edition. London, UK: Cartermill International Ltd.
European Environmental Bureau (EEB). 1998. Global Assessment of the Fifth Action Programme on Sustainable Development. Brussels: EEB.
European Environmental Bureau (EEB).1999. Annual Summary of Activities. Brussels: EEB.
European Environmental Bureau (EEB).2004. The EU's New Constitution: Assessing the Environmental Perspective. Brussels: EEB. http://www.eeb.org/activities/european_constitution/EU-new-Constitution-Assessment-081104.pdf.
European Federation of Waste Management (FEAD). 1996. FEAD. In Philip, A. B. and Gray, O. (eds.), Directory of Pressure Groups in the EU. 2nd Edition. London, UK: Cartermill International Ltd.
European Ferrous Recovery and Recycling Federation (EFR). 1996. EFR. In Philip, A. B. and Gray, O. (eds.), Directory of Pressure Groups in the EU. 2nd Edition. London, UK: Cartermill International Ltd.
European Metal Trade and Recycling Federation (EUROMETREC). 1996. EUROMETREC. In Philip, A. B. and Gray, O. (eds.), Directory of Pressure Groups in the EU. 2nd Edition. London, UK: Cartermill International Ltd.
European Network of Women (ENOW). 1985. Assessment of the Community Action Programme on the Promotion of Equal Opportunities for Women. Brussels: ENOW.
European Network of Women (ENOW).1996. ENOW. In Philip, A. B. and Gray, O. (eds.), Directory of Pressure Groups in the EU. 2nd Edition. London, UK: Cartermill International Ltd.
European Recovery and Recycling Association (ERRA). 1996. ERRA. In Philip, A. B. and Gray, O. (eds.), Directory of Pressure Groups in the EU. 2nd Edition. London, UK: Cartermill International Ltd.
European Solidarity Towards Equal Participation of People (EUROSTEP). 1996. EUROSTEP. In Philip, A. B. and Gray, O. (eds.), Directory of Pressure Groups in the EU. 2nd Edition. London, UK: Cartermill International Ltd.
European Union Migrant Forum. 1996. The Forum. In Philip, A. B. and Gray, O. (eds.), Directory of Pressure Groups in the EU. 2nd Edition. London, UK: Cartermill International Ltd.
European Union of Women (EUW). 1996. EUW. In Philip, A. B. and Gray, O. (eds.), Directory of Pressure Groups in the EU. 2nd Edition. London, UK: Cartermill International Ltd.
European Water Pollution Control Association (EWPCA). 1996. EWPCA. In Philip, A. B. and Gray, O. (eds.), Directory of Pressure Groups in the EU. 2nd Edition. London, UK: Cartermill International Ltd.
European Women's Lobby. 1996. EWL Newsletter, Vol. 10. Brussels: EWL.
European Women's Lobby.2005. EWL Communication Strategy for the European Convention. Brussels: EWL.
Friends of the Earth Europe (FOEE). 1996. FOEE. In Philip, A. B. and Gray, O. (eds.), Directory of Pressure Groups in the EU. 2nd Edition. London, UK: Cartermill International Ltd.
Friends of the Earth Europe (FOEE).1999. FOEE Brochure. Brussels: Friends of the Earth Europe.
Greenpeace. 1998. International Annual Report, 1998. Brussels: Greenpeace International, European Unit.
Greenpeace.2000. Greenpeace International's European Work. Brussels: Greenpeace International, European Unit.
Institute for European Environmental Policy (IEEP). 1996. IEEP. In Philip, A. B. and Gray, O. (eds.), Directory of Pressure Groups in the EU. 2nd Edition. London, UK: Cartermill International Ltd.
International Friends of Nature (IFN). 1990. Manifesto for a New, Ecological, Open and Social Europe. Austira: International Friends of Nature.
International Friends of Nature (IFN).1997a. Friends of Nature: Tradition. Austria: International Friends of Nature.
International Friends of Nature (IFN).1997b. Friends of Nature: Commitment to Sustainable Development. Austria: International Friends of Nature.
International Union of Local Authorities (IULA). 1996. IULA. In Philip, A. B. and Gray, O. (eds.), Directory of Pressure Groups in the EU. 2nd Edition. London, UK: Cartermill International Ltd.
Oil Companies European Organization for the Environment, Health and Safety (CONCAWE). 1996. CONCAWE. In Philip, A. B. and Gray, O. (eds.), Directory of Pressure Groups in the EU. 2nd Edition. London, UK: Cartermill International Ltd.
Platform of European Social NGOs. 1998. Summary Newsletter. Brussels: Platform.
Platform of European Social NGOs.2003. Social Platform Response to the Part III. The Policies and Functioning of the Union of the Draft Constitution. Brussels: Platform. http://www.socialplatform.org/module/filelib/responsetothepartiii19june2003.doc
Public Services International (PSI). 1996. PSI. In Philip, A. B. and Gray, O. (eds.), Directory of Pressure Groups in the EU. 2nd Edition. London, UK: Cartermill International Ltd.
Stichting Natuur en Milieu (1995). Greening the Treaty II: Sustainable Development in a Democratic Union, Proposals for the 1996 Intergovernmental Conference. Document prepared by Ralph Hallo for Climate Network Europe, European Environmental Bureau, Transport & Environment, Friends of Earth Europe, Greenpeace, World Wildlife Fund, Birdlife International.
Transport & Environment. 1998. T&E and European Transport: The importance of a voice for the environmental and future generations. Brussels: T&E.
World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF). 1997. At Cross Purposes: How EU Policy Conflicts Undermine the Environment. Surrey: WWF United Kingdom.
World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF).2000. WWF's European Policy Programme. Switzerland: WWF International.
World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF), European Environmental Bureau (EEB), and Friends of the Earth Europe (FOEE). 1990. Greening the Treaty. Brussels: WWF European Policy Office.
General references
Alter, Karen. 1996. The European Court's Political Power: The Emergence of an Authoritative International Court in the European Union. West European Politics, 19: 458–487.
Alter, Karen. 1998. Who are the “Masters of the Treaty”?: European Governments and the European Court of Justice. International Organization, 52: 121–47.
Alter, Karen. 2001. Establishing the Supremacy of European Law: The Making of an International Rule of Law in Europe. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Alter, Karen. 2006. Private Litigants and the New International Courts. Comparative Political Studies, 39: 22–49.
Alter, Karen and Vargas, Jeannette. 2000. Explaining Variation in the Use of European Litigation Strategies: European Community Law and British Gender Equality Policy. Comparative Political Studies, 33: 452–482.
Andersen, S. and Eliassen, K. (eds.). 1996. The European Union: How Democratic is It?London: Sage.
Arnull, A. 1995. Private Applicants and the Action for Annulment under Article 173 of the EC Treaty. Common Market Law Review, 32: 7–49.
Arranz, Fátima, Quintanilla, Beatriz, and Velasquez, Christina. 1999. Predicting the Impact of Policy: Country Report, Spain. Liverpool, UK: Feminist Legal Research Unit, University of Liverpool.
Aspinwall, Mark and Justin Greenwood. 1998. Conceptualizing Collective Action in the European Union: An Introduction. In Greenwood, J. and Aspinwall, M. (eds.), Collective Action in the European Union: Interests and the new Politics of Associability. London, UK: Routledge.
Baldock, David. 1992. The Status of Special Protection Areas for the Protection of Wild Birds. Journal of Environmental Law, 4: 139–144.
Bamforth, N. 1993. The Changing Concept of Sex Discrimination. Modern Law Review, 56: 872–880.
Barnard, Catherine. 1999. EC ‘Social’ Policy. In Craig, P. and Búrca, G. (ed.), The Evolution of EU Law. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press: 479–516.
Barnes, Pamela M., and Barnes, Ian G.. 1999. Environmental Policy in the European Union. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
Baumgartner, Frank. and Jones, Bryan. 1991. Agenda Dynamics and Policy Subsystems. Journal of Politics 53, 1044–1074.
Baumgartner, Frank. and Jones, Bryan. 1995. Agendas and Instability in American Politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Bickel, Alexander. 1962. The Least Dangerous Branch. New York, NY: Bobbs and Merrill.
Bignami, Francesca. 2005. Creating European Rights: National Values and Supranational Interests. Columbia Journal of European Law, 11, 242–353.
Black, Charles. 1960. The People and the Court. Englewood Cliffs, CA: Prentice Hall.
Bobbitt, Philip. 1982. Constitutional Fate. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Boch, Christine. 1996. Case Law: Court of Justice. Common Market Law Review, 33: 547–67.
Börzel, Tanja. 1998. The Greening of a Polity? The Europeanisation of Environmental Policy-Making in Spain. South European Society and Politics, 2(1): 65–92.
Börzel, Tanja.1999. Why There is No Southern Problem: On Environmental Leaders and Laggards in the European Union. RSC Working Paper No. 99/16. Florence: European University Institute.
Börzel, Tanja.2001. States and Regions in the European Union: Institutional Adaptation in Germany and Spain. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Börzel, Tanja. 2006. Participation Through Law Enforcement: The Case of the European Union. Comparative Political Studies, 39: 128–152.
Börzel, Tanja and Cichowski, Rachel, eds. 2003. State of the European Union: Law, Politics and Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Bowman, M. J. 1999. International Treaties and the Global Protection of Birds 87–119: Part I. Journal of Environmental Law, 11: 87–119.
Braithwaite, Mary and Byrne, Catherine. 1995. Women in Decision-making in Trade Unions. Brussels: European Trade Union Confederation.
Bretherton, Charlotte and Sperling, Liz. 1996. Women's Networks and the European Union: Towards an Inclusive Approach? Journal of Common Market Studies, 34: 487–508.
Brockett, Charles D. 1991. The Structure of Political Opportunities and Peasant Mobilization in Central America. Comparative Politics, 2: 253–274.
Burley, Anne-Marie and Mattli, Walter. 1993. Europe Before the Court: A Political Theory of Legal Integration. International Organization, 47: 41–76.
Burstein, Paul. 1991. Legal Mobilization as a Social Movement Tactic: The Struggle for Equal Employment Opportunity. American Journal of Sociology, 5: 1201–1225.
Button, James. 1989. The Outcomes of Contemporary Black Protest and Violence. In Gurr, T. (ed.), Violence in America. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Byrne, Paul and Lovenduski, Joni. 1978. The Equal Opportunities Commission. Women's Studies International, 1: 131–147.
Caporaso, James. 1998. Regional Integration Theory: Understanding Our Past and Anticipating Our Future. In Sandholtz, W. and Stone Sweet, A. (eds.), European Integration and Supranational Governance, Oxford: Oxford University Press: 334–351.
Caracciolo di Torella, Eugenia. 1999. Recent Developments in Pregnancy and Maternity Rights. Industrial Law Journal, 28: 276–82.
Caracciolo di Torella, Eugenia and Masselot, Annick. 2001. Pregnancy, Maternity and the Organisation of Family Life: An Attempt to Classify the Case Law of the Court of Justice. European Law Review, 26: 239–260.
Casqueira Cardoso, João. 1999. Predicting the Impact of Policy: Country Report, Portugal. Liverpool, UK: Feminist Legal Research Unit, University of Liverpool.
Chalmers, Damian. 1999. Inhabitants in the Field of EC Environmental Law. In Craig, P. and Búrca, G. (ed.), The Evolution of EU Law. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Chalmers, Damian.2000. ‘The Much Ado about Judicial Politics in the United Kingdom: A Statistical Analysis of Reported Decisions of United Kingdom Courts invoking EU Law 1973–1998.’ Jean Monnet Paper 2000/1 Harvard University Press.
Cheyne, Ilona and Purdue, Michael. 1998. Fitting the Definition to Purpose: The Search for a Satisfactory Definition of Waste. Journal of Environmental Law, 7: 149–168.
Cichowski, Rachel A. 1998. Integrating the Environment: The European Court and the Construction of Supranational Policy. Journal of European Public Policy, 5(3): 387–405.
Cichowski, Rachel A.2001. Judicial Rulemaking and the Institutionalization of EU Sex Equality Policy. In Stone Sweet, A., Sandholtz, W. and Fligstein, N. (eds.), The Institutionalization of Europe. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Cichowski, Rachel A.2002. ‘No Discrimination Whatsoever:’ Women's Transnational Activism and the Evolution of European Sex Equality Policy. In Naples, N. and Desai, A. (eds.), Women's Community Activism and Globalization. New York: Routledge.
Cichowski, Rachel A.2003. Law, Politics and Society in Europe. In Börzel, T. and Cichowski, R. (eds.), State of the European Union: Law, Politics and Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Cichowski, Rachel A. 2004. Women's Rights, the European Court and Supranational Constitutionalism. Law and Society Review, 38: 489–512.
Cichowski, Rachel A. 2006a. Introduction: Courts, Democracy and Governance (Special Issue Introduction). Comparative Political Studies, 39: 3–21.
Cichowski, Rachel A. 2006b. Courts, Rights and Democratic Participation. Comparative Political Studies, 39: 50–75.
Cichowski & Stone Sweet. 2003. Participation, Representative Democracy and the Courts. In Dalton, R., Cain, B. and Scarrow, S., (eds.) New Forms of Democracy? Reform and Transformation of Democratic Institutions. Oxford: Oxford University Press, pp. 192–220.
Cockburn, Cynthia. 1996. Strengthening the Representation of Trade Union Women in the European Social Dialogue. The European Journal of Women's Studies, (3): 7–26.
Cockburn, Cynthia. 1997. Gender in an International Space: Trade Union Women as European Social Actor. Women's Studies International Forum, 20: 459–470.
Cohen, Sue. 1998. Body, Space and Presence: Women's Social Exclusion in the Politics of the European Union. The European Journal of Women's Studies, 5: 367–380.
Collins, Ken and Earnshaw, David. 1992. The Implementation and Enforcement of European Community Legislation. Environmental Politics, 1(4): 213–249.
Conant, Lisa. 2002. Justice Contained: Law and Politics in the European Union. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
Conant, Lisa. 2006. Individuals, Courts, and the Development of European Social Rights. Comparative Political Studies, 39: 76–100.
Costain, Anne N. 1992. Inviting Women's Rebellion: A Political Process Interpretation of the Women's Movement. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Craig, Paul. 2001. The Nature of the Community: Integration Theory and Democratic Theory, Two Discourses Passing in the Night. In Craig, P. and Burca, G. (eds.), EU Law: An Evolutionary Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Craig, Paul and Búrca, Gráinne. 1998. EU Law: Text, Cases and Materials, 2nd Edition. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Curtin, D. 1997. Postnational Democracy, The European Union in Search of a Political Philosophy. London: Kluwer.
Dalton, Russell. 1994. The Green Rainbow. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Dalton, Russell, Manfred Kuechler and Wilhelm Burkin. 1990. The Challenge of New Movements. In Dalton, R. and Kuechler, M. (eds.), Challenging the Political Order: New Social and Political Movements in Western Democracies. Oxford, UK: Polity Press.
Dalton, Russell and Robert Rohrschneider 1999. Transnational Environmentalism: Do Environmental Groups Cooperate Globally? CSD Working Paper 32/99. Irvine: University of California, Irvine.
Certeau, Michel. 1984. The Practice of Everyday Life. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Groote, Jacqueline. 1992. European Women's Lobby. Women's Studies International Forum, 15: 49–50.
de la Mare, Thomas. 1999. Article 177 in Social and Political Context. In Craig, P. and Búrca, G. (ed.), The Evolution of EU Law. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
della Porta, Donna. 1995. Social Movements, Political Violence and the State: A Comparative Analysis of Italy and Germany. New York, NY. Cambridge University Press.
Demiray, D. A. 1994. The Movement of Goods in a Green Market. Legal Issues of European Integration, 1: 73–110.
Deshormes, Fausta. 1992. Women Of Europe. Women's Studies International Forum, 15(1): 51–52.
Donnelly, Mary, Mullally, Siobhán, and Smith, Olivia. 1999. Predicting the Impact of Policy: Country Report, Ireland. Liverpool, UK: Feminist Legal Research Unit, University of Liverpool.
Downs, Anthony. 1967. Inside Bureaucracy. Boston: Little Brown and Co.
Doyle, Alan and Carney, Tom. 1999. Precaution and Prevention: Giving Effect to Article 130r Without Direct Effect. European Environmental Law Review, 8: 44–47.
Ellis, Evelyn. 1993. Protection of Pregnancy and Maternity. Industrial Law Journal, 22: 63–67.
Ellis, Evelyn. 1998. European Community Sex Equality Law. 2nd Edition. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Ellis, Evelyn. 1999. Court of Justice. Common Market Law Review, 36: 625–633.
Epp, Charles. 1990. Connecting Litigation Levels and Legal Mobilization: Explaining Interstate Variation in Employment Civil Rights Litigation. Law and Society Review, 24: 145–163.
Epp, Charles. 1998. The Rights Revolution: Lawyers, Activists, and Supreme Courts in Comparative Perspective. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Fligstein, Neil. 1997. Social Skill and Institutional Theory. American Behavioral Scientist, 40: 397–405.
Forbath, William E. 1991. Law and the Shaping of the American Labor Movement. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Francioni, Francesco and Massimilliano Montini. 1996. Public Environmental Law in Italy. In Seerden, R. and Heldeweg, M. (eds.), Comparative Environmental Law in Europe. Maklu: Metro.
Freeman, Jo. 1973. The Origins of the Women's Liberation Movement. American Journal of Sociology, 78: 792–811.
Fuente Vázquez, Dolores de la. 2000. Spain. In Commission of the European Communities (CEC), Bulletin – Legal Issues in Equality, 1/2000. Directorate General for Employment and Social Affairs. Luxembourg: Office of the Official Publications of the European Communities.
Führ, Martin and Roller, Gerhard, eds. 1991. Participation and Litigation Rights of Environmental Associations in Europe: Current Legal Situation and Practical Experience. New York: Peter Lang.
Galanter, Marc. 1974. Why the “Haves” Come Out Ahead: Speculations on the Limits of Legal Change. Law and Society, 9: 95–160.
Galanter, Marc.1983. The Radiating Effects of Courts. In Boyum, K. D. and Mather, L. (eds.), Empirical Theories of Courts. New York, NY: Longman: 117–142.
Gamson, William and David Meyer. 1996. Framing Political Opportunity. In McAdam, D., McCarthy, J. D. and Zald, M. (eds.), Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press: 275–290.
Garrett, Geoffrey. 1992. International Cooperation and Institutional Choice: the European Community's Internal Market, International Organization, 46: 533–560.
Garrett, Geoffrey. 1995. The Politics of Legal Integration in the European Union. International Organization, 49: 171–181.
Garrett, Geoffrey, Kelemen, R. Daniel and Schultz, Heiner. 1998. The European Court of Justice, National Governments and Legal Integration in the European Union. International Organization, 52: 149–176.
Garrett, Geoffrey and Barry R. Weingast. 1993. Ideas, Interests, and Institutions: Constructing the EC's Internal Market. In Goldstein, Judith and Keohane, Robert, (eds.) Ideas and Foreign Policy. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, pp. 173–206.
Geddes, Andrew. 1992. Locus Standi and EEC Environmental Measures. Jounal of Environmental Law, 4: 31–39.
Ginsburg, Tom. 2003. Judicial Review in New Democracies: Constitutional Courts in Asian Cases. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Giugni, Marco, McAdam, Doug and Tilly, Charles (eds.). 1997. How Movements Matter. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
Goldfield, Michael. 1989. Worker Insurgency, Radical Organization, and New Deal Labor Legislation. American Political Science Review, 83: 1257–1282.
Golub, Jonathan. 1996. The Politics of Judicial Discretion: Rethinking the Interaction between National Courts and the European Court of Justice. West European Politics, 19: 360–385.
Graber, Mark A. 1993. The Non-majority Difficulty: Legislative Deference to the Judiciary. Studies in American Political Development, 7, 35–72.
Granger, Marie Pierre. 2003. Towards a Liberalisation of Standing Conditions for Individuals Seeking Judicial Review of Community Acts: Jégo-Quéré et Cie SA v Commission and Union de Pequeños Agricultores v Council. Modern Law Review, 66: 124–138.
Granger, Marie Pierre. 2004. When Governments go to Luxembourg: The influence of the governments on the European Court of Justice. European Law Review, 29: 1–31.
Guttieres, Mario and Guy, R. Bayley. 1994. Country Report: Italy. European Environmental Law Review, 3: 8–10.
Haas, Ernst. 1958. The Uniting of Europe: Political, Social and Economic Forces, 1950–1957. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Haas, Ernst.1964. Technology, Pluralism and the New Europe. In Graubard, S. (ed.), A New Europe?Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Co.
Haas, Peter. 1990. Saving the Mediterranean. New York, NY: Columbia University Press.
Haas, Peter.1993. Protecting the Baltic and North Seas. In Haas, Peter, Keohane, Robert & Levy, Marc (eds.), Institutions for the Earth: Sources of Effective International Environmental Protection. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
Haigh, Nigel and Baldock, David. 1989. Environmental Policy and 1992. London: Institute for European Environmental Policy.
Hall, Peter A. and Taylor, Rosemary C. R.. 1996. Political Science and the Three New Institutionalisms. Political Studies, 44: 936–957.
Handler, Joel. 1978. Social Movements and the Legal System: A Theory of Law Reform and Social Change. New York, NY: Academic Press.
Harding, Christopher. 1980. The Private Interest In Challenging Community Action. European Law Review, 5: 354–361.
Harlow, Carol. 1992a. Towards a Theory of Access for the European Court of Justice. Yearbook of European Law, 54: 32–45.
Harlow, Carol. 1992b. A Community of Interests? Making the Most of European Law. Modern Law Review, 55: 331–351.
Harlow, Carol and Rawlings, Richard. 1992. Pressure Through Law. London, UK: Routledge.
Harte, J. D. C. 1997. Nature Conservation: The Rule of Law in European Community Environmental Protection, Analysis. Journal of Environmental Law, 9: 139–180.
Hartley, T. 1988. The Foundations of European Community Law. 3rd Edition. Oxford, UK: Claredon.
Hattam, Victoria C. 1992. Institutions and Political Change: Working-class Formation in England and the United States, 1820–1896. In Steinmo, S., Thelen, K. and Longstreth, F. (eds.), Structuring Politics: Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Analysis. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press: 155–187.
Held, David and Koening-Archibugi, Mathias (eds.) 2004. Introduction to Special Issue. Government and Opposition, 39(2): 125–131.
Héritier, Adrienne. 1999. Policy-making and diversity in Europe: escaping deadlock. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Hildebrand, Philipp M. 1992. The European Community's Environmental Policy, 1957 to ‘1992’: From Incidental Measures to an International Regime? Environmental Politics, 3: 14–44.
Holder, Jane. 1997. Case Law: Case C-44/95. Common Market Law Review, 34: 1469–1480.
Hoskyns, Catherine. 1992. The European Community's Policy on Women in the Context of 1992. Women's Studies International Forum, 15: 21–28.
Hoskyns, Catherine. 1996. Integrating Gender: Women, Law and Politics in the European Union. London: Verso.
Imig, Doug and Sidney Tarrow (eds.). 2001. Studying Contention in an Emerging Polity. In Imig, D. and Tarrow, S., eds. Contentious Europeans: Protest and Politics in an Emerging Polity. New York: Rowman and Littlefield.
Jackson, Donald W. and Neal Tate, C. (eds.). 1992. Comparative Judicial Review and Public Policy. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.
Jenkins, J. Craig. 1983. Resource Mobilization Theory and the Study of Social Movements. Annual Review of Sociology, 9: 527–550.
Judge, David. 1992. ‘Predestined to Save the Earth’: The Environment Committee of the European Parliament. Environmental Politics, 1(4): 186–212.
Katzenstein, Mary. 1998a. Faithful and Fearless: Moving Feminist Protest inside the Church and Military. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Katzenstein, Mary.1998b. Stepsisters: Feminist Movement Activism in Different Institutional Spaces. In Meyer, D. S. and Tarrow, S. (eds.), The Social Movement Society: Contentious Politics in a New Century. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc.: 195–216.
Katzenstein, Mary and Mueller, Carol McClurg (eds). 1987. The Women's Movements of the United States and Western Europe. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
Keck, Margaret and Sikkink, Kathryn. 1998. Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
Kelemen, R. Daniel. 2001. The Limits of Judicial Power: Trade-Environment Disputes in the GATT/WTO and the EU. Comparative Political Studies, 34 (6), 622–650.
Kelemen, R. Daniel. 2006. Suing for Europe: Adversarial Legalism and European Governance. Comparative Political Studies, 39: 101–127.
Kenney, Sally. 1992. For Whose Protection?: Reproductive Hazards and Exclusionary Policies in the United States and Britain. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Kenney, Sally, Reisinger, William and Reitz, John C. (eds.). 1999. Constitutional Dialogues in Comparative Perspective. New York: St. Martins Press Inc.
Keohane, Robert. 1984. After Hegemony. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Keohane, Robert, & Grant, Ruth W.. 2005. Accountability and Abuses of Power in World Politics. American Political Science Review, 99 (1): 29–43.
Keohane, Robert, Moravcsik, Andrew, & Slaughter, Anne-Marie. 2000. Legalized Dispute Resolution: Interstate and Transnational. International Organization, 54 (3): 457–88.
Kirchner, E. 1977. Trade Unions as Pressure Groups in the European Community. Farnborough, UK: Saxon House.
Kluger, Richard. 1975. Simple Justice: The History of Brown v. Board of Education and the Black America's Struggle for Equality. New York, NY: Vintage.
Knill, Christoph and Lenschow, Andrea. 1998. Coping with Europe: the Impact of British and German Administrations on the Implementation of EU Environmental Policy. Journal of European Public Policy, 5(4): 595–614.
Krämer, Ludwig. 1991a. The Implementation of Community Environmental Directives within Member States: Some Implications of the Direct Effect Doctrine. Journal of Environmental Law, 3: 39–56.
Krämer, Ludwig. 1991b. The Implementation of Environmental Law by the European Economic Communities. German Yearbook of International Law, 34: 13–53.
Krämer, Ludwig. 1996. Public Interest Litigation in Environmental Matters Before European Courts. Journal of Environmental Law, 8: 1–18.
Krämer, Ludwig. 2000. E.C. Environmental Law, 4thEdition. London: Sweet and Maxwell.
Kriesi, Hanspeter, Koopmans, Ruud, Duyvendak, Jan Willem, and Giugini, Marco G. (eds). 1995. New Social Movements in Western Europe: A Comparative Analysis. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Lenaerts, K. 1990. Constitutionalism and the Many Faces of Federalism. American Journal of Comparative Law, 38: 205–64.
Liefferink, Duncan and Andersen, Mikael Skou. 1998. Greening the EU: National Positions in the Run-up to the Amsterdam Treaty. Environmental Politics, 7: 66–93.
Lodge, J. 1989. The European Parliament. In Lodge, J. (ed.), The European Community and the Challenge of the Future. London: Pinter.
Lovell, George. 2003. Legislative Deferrals: Statutory Ambiguity, Judicial Power, and American Democracy. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Lowe, Philip and Goyder, Jane. 1983. Environmental Groups in Politics. London: Allen & Unwin.
Macroy, Richard. 1992. The Enforcement of Community Environmental Laws: Some Critical Issues. Common Market Law Review, 29: 347–369.
Mancini, Federico G. 1989. The Making of a Constitution for Europe. Common Market Law Review, 24: 595–614.
Mancini, Federico G.1997. An Analysis of the Public and Private Purposes of the Court of Justice of the European Communities. Paper given to the University of New South Wales, Australia, 27 October 1997. http://www.lawfoundation.net.au/resources/mancini/analysis.html.
Mancini, G. F. and O'Leary, S.. 1999. The New Frontiers of Sex Equality Law in the European Union. European Law Review, 24: 331–53.
March, James G. and Olsen, Johan P.. 1989. Rediscovering Institutions: The Organizational Basis of Politics. Boulder, CO: Lynne Reiner.
Marks, Gary and Doug McAdam. 1996. Social Movements and the Changing Structure of Political Opportunity in the European Union. In Marks, G., Scharpf, F., Schmitter, P., and Streek, W. (eds.), Governance in the European Union. London, UK: Sage Publications: 95–120.
Mattli, Walter and Slaughter, Anne-Marie. 1995. Law and Politics in the European Union: A Reply to Garret. International Organization, 49: 183–190.
Mattli, Walter and Slaughter, Anne-Marie. 1998. Revisiting the European Court of Justice. International Organization, 52: 177–209.
Mazey, Sonia. 1998. The European Union and Women's Rights: From the Europeanization of National Agendas to the Nationalization of a European Agenda? Journal of European Public Policy, 5(1): 131–52.
Mazey, Sonia and Richardson, Jeremy. 1992. Environmental Groups and the EC: Challenges and Opportunities. Environmental Politics, 1(4): 109–128.
Mazey, Sonia and Jeremy Richardson.1999. Introduction: Transference of Powers, Decision Rules, and Rules of the Game. In Mazey, Sonia and Richardson, Jeremy (Eds.), Lobbying in the European Community, 2ndedition. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Mazey, Sonia and Jeremy Richardson.2001. Institutionalizing Promiscuity: Commission-Interest Group Relations in the EU. In Stone Sweet, A., Sandholtz, W. and Fligstein, N. (eds.), The Institutionalization of Europe. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
McAdam, Doug. 1982. Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency, 1930–1970. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
McAdam, Doug.1996. Political Opportunities: Conceptual Origins, Current Problems, Future Directions. In McAdam, D., McCarthy, J. D. and Zald, M. N. (eds.), Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press: 23–40.
McAdam, Doug, John D. McCarthy and Mayer N. Zald. 1996. Introduction: Opportunities, Mobilizing Structures, and Framing Processes – Toward a Synthetic, Comparative Perspective on Social Movements. In McAdam, D., McCarthy, J. D. and Zald, M. N. (eds.), Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press: 1–20.
McCann, Michael W. 1994. Rights at Work: Pay Equity Reform and the Politics of Legal Mobilization. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
McCann, Michael W.1998. How Does Law Matter for Social Movements. In Garth, B. and Sarat, A. (eds.). How Does Law Matter. Evanston: Northwestern University Press.
McGlynn, Clare. 1996. Pregnancy Dismissals and the Webb Litigation. Feminist Legal Studies, IV: 229–42.
McGlynn, Clare. 2000. Pregnancy, Parenthood and the Court of Justice in Abdoulaye. European Law Review, 25: 654–662.
Micklitz, H. W. and Reich, N., eds. 1996. Public Interest Litigation before the European Courts. Baden-Baden, Germany: Nomos Verlagsgessellschaft.
Miller, Christopher. 1998. Environmental Rights: Critical Perspectives. London, UK: Routledge.
Moravcsik, Andrew. 1991. Negotiating the Single European Act: National Interests and Conventional Statecraft in the European Community. International Organization, 45: 19–56.
Moravcsik, Andrew. 1995. Liberal Intergovernmentalism and Integration: A Rejoinder. Journal of Common Market Studies, 33: 611–628.
Moravcsik, Andrew. 1998. The Choice for Europe: Social Purpose and State Power from Messina to Maastricht. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
More, Gillian. 1999. The Principle of Equal Treatment: From Market Unifier to Fundamental Right? In Craig, P. and Búrca, G. (eds.), The Evolution of EU Law. Oxford, UK. Oxford University Press.
Morris, Aldon. 1984. The Origins of the Civil Rights Movement. New York, NY: The Free Press.
Mossuz-Lavau, Janine. 1988. Women of Europe: Mirroring the Course of Women's Rights in Europe, 1977–1987. Women of Europe: 10 Years). Brussels: Women's Information Service, Directorate-General Audiovisual, Information, Communication, Culture, 27: 3–59.
Nettesheim, M. 1996. Article 173 of the EC Treaty and Regulations: Towards the Development of Uniform Standing Requirements. In Micklitz, H. W. and Reich, N. (eds.), Public Interest Litigation before the European Courts. Baden-Baden, Germany: Nomos Verlagsgessellschaft.
Neuwahl, N. 1996. Article 173 paragraph 4 EC: Past, Present and Possible Future. European Law Review, 21.
Nollkaemper, André. 1997. Habitat Protection in European Community Law: Evolving Conceptions of a Balance of Interests. Journal of Environmental Law, 9: 271–286.
North, Douglass C. 1990. Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
O'Connor, Karen. 1980. Women's Organizations' Use of the Courts. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Olson, Mancur. 1965. The Logic of Collective Action. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Olson, Susan M. 1984. Clients and Lawyers: Securing Rights of Disabled Persons. Westport, CT: Greenwood.
Pagh, Peter 1999. Denmark's Compliance with Europe Community Environmental Law. Journal of Environmental Law, 11: 301–319.
Pescatore, Pierre. 1974. The Law of Integration. Leyden: Sijthoss.
Philip, Alan Butt and Gray, Oliver. 1996. Directory of Pressure Groups in the EU. 2nd Edition. London, UK: Cartermill International Ltd.
Pierson, Paul. 1996. The Path to European Integration: A Historical Institutionalist Approach. Comparative Political Studies, 29: 123–63.
Pierson, Paul. 2000. Increasing Returns, Path Dependence, and the Study of Politics. American Political Science Review, 94: 251–267.
Pierson, Paul and S. Liebfried. 1992. Multi-tiered Institutions and the Making of Social Policy. In Liebfried, S. and Pierson, P. (eds.), European Social Policy: Between Fragmentation and Integration. Washington, D. C.: Brookings Institute.
Piven, Frances F. and Cloward, Richard A.. 1977. Poor People's Movements: Why They Succeed, How They Fail. New York: Vintage.
Pollack, Mark A. 1997. Delegation, Agency and Agenda Setting in the European Community. International Organization, 51: 99–134.
Pollack, Mark A.1998. The Engines of Integration? Supranational Autonomy and Influence in the European Union. In Sandholtz, W. and Stone Sweet, A. (eds.), European Integration and Supranational Governance, Oxford: Oxford University Press: 217–249.
Pollack, Mark A. 2003. The Engines of European Integration: Delegation, Agency and Agenda Setting in the EU. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Prechal, Sacha. Kalanke Ruling. 1996. Common Market Law Review, 33: 45–52.
Rasmussen, H. 1980. Why is Article 173 Interpreted Against Private Plaintiffs? European Law Review, 5: 112.
Rasmussen, H. 1986. On Law and Policy in the European Court of Justice. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff.
Rehbinder, Eckard and Stewart, Richard. 1985. Legal Integration in Federal Systems: European Community Environmental Law. The American Journal of Comparative Law, 33: 371–446.
Richardson, Jeremy. 1998. The EU as an Alternative Venue for Interest Groups. Paper presented to the American Political Science Association, Annual Meeting, Boston, 3–6 September 1998.
Rosenberg, Gerald. 1991. The Hollow Hope: Can Courts Bring about Social Change?Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Ross, G. 1995. Jacques Delores and European Integration. London: Polity.
Rubenfeld, Jed. 2004. Unilateralism and Constitutionalism. New York University Law Review, 79, 1971–2028.
Rucht, Dieter. 1996. The Impact of National Contexts on Social Movement Structures: A Cross-Movement and Cross-National Comparison. In McAdam, D., McCarthy, J. D. and Zald, M. N. (eds.), Comparative Perspectives on Social Movements. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press: 185–204.
Rucht, Dieter.2001. Lobbying or Protest? Strategies to Influence EU Environmental Policies. In Imig, D. and Tarrow, S. (eds.), Contentious Europeans: Protest and Politics in an Emerging Polity. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefied Publishers Inc.
Russell, Peter H. and O'Brien, David (eds.) 2001. Judicial Independence in the Age of Democracy: Critical Perspectives from around the World. Charlottesville: The University Press of Virginia.
Ruzza, Carlo. 1996. Inter-Organizational Negotiation in Political Decision-making: EC Bureaucrats and the Environment. In Samson, C. and South, N. (eds.), The Social Construction of Social Policy. London: Macmillan.
Sacks, Vera. 1987. The Equal Opportunities Commission – Ten Years On. Modern Law Review, 49: 560–592.
Sanchis Moreno, Fe. 1996. Spain. In Hallo, R. E. (ed.), Access to Environmental Information in Europe. The Implementation and Implications of Directive 90/313/EEC. London: Kluwer Law: 225–248.
Sandholtz, Wayne. 1998. The Emergence of a Supranational Telecommunications Regime. In Sandholtz, W. and Sweet, A. Stone (eds.), European Integration and Supranational Governance, Oxford: Oxford University Press: 134–163.
Sandholtz, Wayne and Sweet, Alec Stone (eds.). 1998. European Integration and Supranational Governance. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Sands, Peter. 1990. European Community Environmental Law: Legislation, the European Court of Justice and Common-Interest Groups. Modern Law Review, 53: 685–698.
Sbragia, Alberta. 1996. Environmental Policy: The “Push-Pull” of Policy-Making. In Wallace, H. and Wallace, W. (eds.), Policy-Making in the European Union. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 235–255.
Scharpf, Fritz. 1996. Negative and Positive Integration in the Political Economy of European Welfare States. In Marks, G., Scharpf, F., Schmitter, P., and Streek, W. (eds.), Governance in the European Union. London, UK: Sage Publications: 15–39.
Scharpf, Fritz. 1999. Governing in Europe: Effective and Democratic?Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Scheingold, Stuart. 1974. The Politics of Rights: Lawyers, Public Policy and Political Change. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.
Scheppele, Kim Lane. 2003. Constitutional Negotiations: Political Contexts of Judicial Activism in Post-Soviet Europe. International Sociology, 18(1): 219–238.
Scheppele, Kim Lane. 2004. A Realpolitik Defense of Social Rights. Texas Law Review, 82(7): 1921–1961.
Schermers, H. G. and Timmermans, C. W. A. (eds.). 1987. Article 177 EEC: Experiences and Problems. North-Holland.
Schneider, Ann. L. and Ingram, Helen. 1997. Policy Design for Democracy. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas.
Schubert, G. 1965. The Judicial Mind. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University.
Seerden, René and Michiel Heldeweg. 1996. Comparative Remarks. In Seerden, R. and Heldeweg, M. (eds.), Comparative Environmental Law in Europe. Maklu: Metro.
Sewell, William. 1990. Collective Violence and Collective Loyalities in France: Why the French Revolution Made a Difference. Politics and Society 18: 527–552.
Shapiro, Martin. 1981. Courts: A Comparative and Political Analysis. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
Shapiro, Martin. 1988. Who Guards the Guardians: Judicial Control of Administration. Athens, GA: University of Georgia Press.
Sidjanski, D. 1970. Pressure Groups in the EC. In Cosgrove, C. and Twitchett, K. (eds.), The New International Actors: The United Nations and the EC. London, UK: Macmillan.
Silverstein, Helen. 1996. Unleashing Rights: Law, Meaning, and the Animal Rights Movement. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
Slaughter, Anne-Marie. 2003. A Global Community of Courts. Harvard International Law Journal, 44, 191–219.
Slaughter, Anne-Marie. 2004. A New World Order. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Slaughter, Anne-Marie, Sweet, Alec Stone and Weiler, Joseph H. H. (eds.) 1998. The European Court and the National Courts – Doctrine and Jurisprudence: Legal Change in its Social Context. Oxford, UK: Hart Press.
Slot, Pierre Jan. 2003. Case C-510/99. Procureur de la République v. Xavier Tridon. Common Market Law Review, 40: 169–178.
Snow, David A. and Robert D. Benford. 1988. Ideology, Frame Resonance, and Participant Mobilization. In Klandermans, B., Kriesi, H. and Tarrow, S. (eds.), From Structure to Action: Social Movement Participation Across Cultures. Greenwich: JAI Press.
Sorauf, Frank J. 1976. The Wall of Separation: The Constitutional Politics of Church and State. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Stein, Eric. 1981. Lawyers, Judges, and the Making of a Transnational Constitution. American Journal of International Law, 75: 1–27.
Stetter, Sebastian. 2001. Maastricht, Amsterdam and Nice: The Environmental Lobby and Greening the Treaties. European Environmental Law Review, 2: 150–159.
Stone Sweet, Alec. 1998. Constitutional Dialogues in the European Community. In Slaughter, A. M., Sweet, A. Stone and Weiler, J. H. H. (eds.), The European Court and the National Courts – Doctrine and Jurisprudence: Legal Change in its Social Context. Oxford, UK: Hart Press.
Stone Sweet, Alec. 1999. Judicialization and the Construction of Governance. Comparative Political Studies, 31: 147–84.
Stone Sweet, Alec. 2000. Governing with Judges. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Stone Sweet, Alec.2002. Path Dependence, Precedent and Judicial Power. In Shapiro, M. and Sweet, Alec Stone, On Law, Politics and Judicialization. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Stone Sweet, Alec. 2004. The Judicial Construction of Europe. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Stone Sweet, Alec and Brunell, Tom. 1998a. Constructing a Supranational Constitution: Dispute Resolution and Governance in the European Community. American Political Science Review, 92: 63–81.
Stone Sweet, Alec and Brunell, Tom. 1998b. The European Courts and the National Courts: A Statistical Analysis of Preliminary References, 1961–95. Journal of European Public Policy, 5: 66–97.
Stone Sweet, Alec and Brunell, Tom. 1999. The Alec Stone Sweet and Thomas L. Brunell Data Set on Preliminary References in EC Law, 1958–98. Florence, Italy: Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, European University Institute.
Stone Sweet, Alec and Brunell, Tom. 2000. The European Court, National Judges and Legal Integration: A Researcher's Guide to the Data Base on Preliminary References in European Law, 1958–98. Särtryck ur EuroparättsligTidskrift (Swedish Journal of European Law) 3: 179–92.
Stone Sweet, Alec and James Caporaso. 1998. From Free Trade to Supranational Polity: The European Court and Integration. In Sandholtz, W. and Stone Sweet, A. (eds.), European Integration and Supranational Governance. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 92–133.
Stone Sweet, Alec and Wayne Sandholtz. 1998. Integration, Supranational Governance, and the Institutionalization of the European Polity. In Sandholtz, W. and Sweet, A. Stone (eds.), European Integration and Supranational Governance. Oxford: Oxford University Press: 1–26.
Stone Sweet, Alec, Sandholtz, Wayne and Fligstein, Neil (eds.). 2001. The Institutionalization of Europe. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Tallberg, Jonas. 2002. Paths to Compliance: Enforcement, Management, and the European Union. International Organization, 56 (3): 609–943.
Tarrow, Sidney. 1998. Power in Movement: Social Movements and Contentious Politics. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Tarrow, Sidney. 2005. The New Transnational Activism. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Tate, C. Neal and Torbjorn Vallinder. 1995. The Global Expansion of Judicial Power: The Judicialization of Politics. In Tate, C. N. and Vallinder, T. (eds.), The Global Expansion of Judicial Power. New York: New York University Press.
Thelen, Kathleen. 2004. How Institutions Evolve: The Political Economy of Skills in Germany, Britain, the United States and Japan. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Tilly, Charles. 1975. Reflections on the History of European State-making. In Tilly, C. (ed.), The Formation of National States in Western Europe. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Tilly, Charles. 1978. From Mobilization to Revolution. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Tilly, Charles.1982. Britain Creates the Social Movement. In Cronin, J. and Schneer, J. (eds.) Social Conflict and the Political Order in Britain. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
Tomlins, Christopher L. 1985. The State and the Unions: Labor Relations, Law, and the Organized Labor Movement in American, 1880–1960. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Tridimas, Takis. 2004. The ECJ and the Draft Constitution: A Supreme Court for the Union? Tridimas, T. and Nebbia, P., (eds), EU Law for the 21st Century: Rethinking the New Legal Order. Oxford: Hart Publishing.
Tsebelis, George. 1994. The Power of the European Parliament as a Conditional Agenda Setter. American Political Science Review, 88: 128–142.
Tsebelis, George and Garrett, Geoffrey. 2001. The Institutional Foundations of Intergovernmentalism and Supranationalism in the European Union. International Organization, 55: 357–390.
Tsebelis, George and Kreppel, Amie. 1998. The History of Conditional Agenda Setting in European Institutions. European Journal of Political Research, 33: 41–71.
Tyrrell, Alan and Yaqub, Zahd (eds.). 1993. The Legal Professions in the New Europe. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers.
Vallance, Elizabeth and Davies, Elizabeth 1986. Women of Europe: Women MEPs and Equality Policy. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Vogel, David. 1993. Environmental Policy in the European Community. In Kamienecki, S. (ed.), Environmental Politics in the International Arena, Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
Vose, Clement E. 1959. Caucasians Only: The Supreme Court, the NAACP, and the Restrictive Covenant Cases. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.
Walker, Jack L. Jr. 1991. Mobilizing Interest Groups in America: Patrons, Professions and Social Movements. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press.
Walker, Samuel. 1990. In Defense of American Liberties: A History of the ACLU. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Weiler, Joseph H. H. 1981. The Community System: The Dual Character of Supranationalism, Yearbook of European Law, 1: 268–306.
Weiler, Joseph H. H. 1991. The Transformation of Europe, Yale Law Journal, 100: 2403–2483.
Weiler, Joseph H. H. 1994. A Quiet Revolution: The European Court and Its Interlocutors. Comparative Political Studies, 26: 510–34.
Weiler, Joseph H. H.1998. European Models: Polity, People and System. In Craig, P. and Harlow, C. (eds.), Lawmaking in the European Union. London: Kluwer.
Weiler, Joseph H. H. 1999. The Constitution of Europe. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Weiler, Joseph H. H., U. Haltern and F. Mayer. 1995. European Democracy and its Critique. In Hayward, J. (ed.), The Crisis of Representation in Europe. London: Frank Cass.
Westlake, M. 1994. A Modern Guide to the European Parliament. London, UK: Pinter.
Wils, Wouter P. J. 1994. The Birds Directive 15 Years Later: A Survey of the Case Law and a Comparison with the Habitats Directive. Journal of Environmental Law, 6: 219–242.
Winter, Gerd. 1997. Nature Conservation: The Rule of Law in European Community Environmental Protection, Footnote. Journal of Environmental Law, 9: 139–180.
World Jurist Association. 2002. Law and Judicial Systems of Nations, 4thedition. Washington D.C.: World Jurist Association.
Wyatt, Derek. 1998. Litigating Community Environmental Law – Thoughts on the Doctrine of Direct Effect. Journal of Environmental Law, 10(1): 9–19.
Zemans, Frances Kahn. 1983. Legal Mobilization: The Neglected Role of the Law in the Political System. American Political Science Review, 77: 690–703.

Metrics

Full text views

Total number of HTML views: 0
Total number of PDF views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

Book summary page views

Total views: 0 *
Loading metrics...

* Views captured on Cambridge Core between #date#. This data will be updated every 24 hours.

Usage data cannot currently be displayed.