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8 - Factors that determine sperm precedence in ticks, spiders and insects: a comparative study

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 August 2009

By
W. R. Kaufman
Edited by
Alan S. Bowman  and
Patricia A. Nuttall
W. R. Kaufman
Affiliation:
Z 606, Department of Biological Sciences University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9 Canada
Alan S. Bowman
Affiliation:
University of Aberdeen
Patricia A. Nuttall
Affiliation:
Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Swindon
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Summary

INTRODUCTION

There is a broad tendency among female insects for fecundity to increase with mating frequency (Ridley, 1988). A female's eggs carry forward to the next generation her genes and those of her mate(s). Hence, one might guess that promiscuity should be of selective advantage for both sexes. On closer inspection it is not as simple as that. The survival of a female's offspring is as much a function of her mate's fitness as it is of her own, so she has some interest in determining the paternity of her offspring (Birkhead, 1998; Eberhard, 1998; Wedell & Karlsson, 2003). On the other hand, how can the male's paternity be assured if his spermatozoa have to compete with those of other males in the same arena? In this chapter some of the mechanisms used by male insects that assure their paternity in this ‘promiscuous world’ are reviewed. These will be compared to what is known from the less extensive literature on ticks, with the object of determining whether there are lessons from insects that might point our way to future enquiries in ticks.

SPERM PRECEDENCE AND PATERNITY

Because of the proverbial battle of the sexes, as well as that among competing males, one encounters numerous mating strategies among terrestrial arthropods, and a fascinating literature on sperm competition to match. The degree to which sperm competition occurs in any instance is determined by a number of factors (reviewed extensively by Simmons & Siva-Jothy, 1998, and by Parker, 1998): (1) How readily will a previously mated female accept further males (sperm pre-emption)?

Type
Chapter
Information
Ticks
Biology, Disease and Control
 , pp. 164 - 185
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2008

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