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4 - Cortical mechanisms of visuospatial attention in humans and monkeys

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 August 2009

By
Sabine Kastner ,
Peter De Weerd  and
Leslie G. Ungerleider
Edited by
James R. Pomerantz
Sabine Kastner
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology Center for the Study of Brain, Mind & behavior Princeton University Green Hall (3-N-1E) Princeton, NJ 08544-1010
Peter De Weerd
Affiliation:
Laboratory of Perception & Actions Department of Psychology (Room 518) University of Arizona 1503 E. University Blvd. PO Box 210068 Tucson, AZ 85721
Leslie G. Ungerleider
Affiliation:
Chief Laboratory of Brain and Cognition National Institute of Mental Health Building 10, Room 4C104 10 Center Drive, MSC 1148 Bethesda, MD 20892-1366
James R. Pomerantz
Affiliation:
Rice University, Houston
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Summary

Introduction

In everyday life, the scenes we view are typically cluttered with many different objects. However, the capacity of the visual system to process information about multiple objects at any given moment in time is limited (Broadbent, 1958; Neisser, 1967; Schneider & Shiffrin, 1977; Tsotsos, 1990). This limited processing capacity can be exemplified in a simple experiment. If subjects are presented with two different objects and asked to identify two different attributes at the same time (e.g., color of one and orientation of the other), the subjects' performance is worse than if the task had been performed with only a single object (Duncan, 1980, 1984; Treisman, 1969). Hence, multiple objects present at the same time in the visual field compete for neural representation due to limited processing resources.

How can the competition among multiple objects be resolved? One way is by bottom-up, stimulus-driven processes. For example, in Figure 4.1A, the vertical line among the multiple distracter lines is effortlessly and quickly detected because of its salience in the display, which biases the competition in favor of the vertical line. Stimulus salience depends on various factors, including simple feature properties such as line orientation or color of the stimulus (Treisman & Gelade, 1980; Treisman & Gormican, 1988), perceptual grouping of stimulus features by Gestalt principles (Driver & Baylis, 1989; Duncan, 1984; Lavie & Driver, 1996; Prinzmetal, 1981), and the dissimilarity between the stimulus and nearby distracter stimuli (Duncan & Humphreys, 1989, 1992; Nothdurft, 1993).

Type
Chapter
Information
Topics in Integrative Neuroscience
From Cells to Cognition
 , pp. 77 - 118
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2008

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  • Cortical mechanisms of visuospatial attention in humans and monkeys
    • By Sabine Kastner, Department of Psychology Center for the Study of Brain, Mind & behavior Princeton University Green Hall (3-N-1E) Princeton, NJ 08544-1010, Peter De Weerd, Laboratory of Perception & Actions Department of Psychology (Room 518) University of Arizona 1503 E. University Blvd. PO Box 210068 Tucson, AZ 85721, Leslie G. Ungerleider, Chief Laboratory of Brain and Cognition National Institute of Mental Health Building 10, Room 4C104 10 Center Drive, MSC 1148 Bethesda, MD 20892-1366
  • Edited by James R. Pomerantz, Rice University, Houston
  • Book: Topics in Integrative Neuroscience
  • Online publication: 08 August 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511541681.007
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  • Cortical mechanisms of visuospatial attention in humans and monkeys
    • By Sabine Kastner, Department of Psychology Center for the Study of Brain, Mind & behavior Princeton University Green Hall (3-N-1E) Princeton, NJ 08544-1010, Peter De Weerd, Laboratory of Perception & Actions Department of Psychology (Room 518) University of Arizona 1503 E. University Blvd. PO Box 210068 Tucson, AZ 85721, Leslie G. Ungerleider, Chief Laboratory of Brain and Cognition National Institute of Mental Health Building 10, Room 4C104 10 Center Drive, MSC 1148 Bethesda, MD 20892-1366
  • Edited by James R. Pomerantz, Rice University, Houston
  • Book: Topics in Integrative Neuroscience
  • Online publication: 08 August 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511541681.007
Available formats
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  • Cortical mechanisms of visuospatial attention in humans and monkeys
    • By Sabine Kastner, Department of Psychology Center for the Study of Brain, Mind & behavior Princeton University Green Hall (3-N-1E) Princeton, NJ 08544-1010, Peter De Weerd, Laboratory of Perception & Actions Department of Psychology (Room 518) University of Arizona 1503 E. University Blvd. PO Box 210068 Tucson, AZ 85721, Leslie G. Ungerleider, Chief Laboratory of Brain and Cognition National Institute of Mental Health Building 10, Room 4C104 10 Center Drive, MSC 1148 Bethesda, MD 20892-1366
  • Edited by James R. Pomerantz, Rice University, Houston
  • Book: Topics in Integrative Neuroscience
  • Online publication: 08 August 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511541681.007
Available formats
×