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1 - Montesquieu's Considérations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 September 2013

David Womersley
Affiliation:
St Catherine's College, Oxford
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Summary

Is he not too universal? Can any writer be exact, who is so comprehensive?

Lyttelton

In 1721 Montesquieu published his Lettres Persanes, a philosophic satire in which Usbek and Rhédi, two Persian noblemen, visit Europe and comment on its culture. Rhédi, the younger and less experienced of the two travellers, is particularly struck by European history:

Pendant le séjour que je fais en Europe, je lis les historiens anciens & modernes: je compare tous les temps; j'ai du plaisir à les voir passer, pour ainsi dire, devant moi; & j'arrête sur-tout mon esprit à ces grands changemens qui ont rendu les âges si differens des âges … J'ai resté plus d'un an en Italie, où je n'ai vu que le débris de cette ancienne Italie, si fameuse autrefois. Quoique tout le monde habite les villes, elles sont entièrement dèsertes & dépeupleés: il semble qu'elles ne subsistent encore que pour marquer le lieu où étoient ces cités puissantes dont l'histoire a tant parlé … Voila, mon cher Usbek, la plus terrible catastrophe qui soit jamais arrivée dans le monde. Mais à peine s'en est-on apperçu, parce qu'elle est arrivée insensiblement, & dans le cours d'un grand nombre de siècles: ce qui marque un vice inteérieur, un venin secret et caché, une maladie de langueur, qui afflige la nature humaine.

Rhédi experiences history as a spectacle in which great revolutions are the most noteworthy events.

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Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 1988

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