The quotes from most of the non-English sources are found in the footnotes. All translations are mine unless otherwise noted. When the title of a non- English book first appears in a chapter, I provide the title in its original language and then the English translation of the title in parenthesis. When the same title appears again, I use the English translation. For instance, the first time the title Anfiteatro del Felipe el Grande appears, it is Anfiteatro del Felipe el Grande (Amphitheater of Philip the Great). Thereafter, the work appears as Amphitheater of Philip the Great.

Thanks to the Texas Tech students and colleagues who helped at many stages of this project. Thanks to Texas Tech University for supporting a Faculty Development Leave, as well as to the Humanities Center Animal Studies Group, and the Study Abroad Program at the TTU Center in Seville.

Thanks to the editors for allowing me to reproduce previously published material in revised form from “The Armadillo: Spain Creates a Curious Horse to Belittle America,” Bulletin of Spanish Visual Studies I (2017) (Animals in Visual Hispanism, edited by Jo Evans and Sarah Wright): 27–52.

Thanks to Cristina Viola Pliego for compiling the index and Jaime Llamas Nerváez for designing the maps.

Special thanks to Erika Gaffney, Susan Larson, Helen Cowie, Francisco Escobar, Noelia Cirnigliaro, Juan Pimentel, Abel Alves, Carlos Sambricio, Shannon Pyle, Joe Snow, Pippin, Kevin Chua, Carmen Hsu, Elizabeth Wright, Adrienne Martin, Belinda Kleinhans, Frederick de Armas, Lucas Wood, Kees Rookmaaker, Joe Arredondo, Pamela Zinn, Martha Otis, Fernando Ruiz, Christina Lee, Mark Minnes, Wolfram Koeppe, Annemarie Jordan Gschwend, Juan Pablo Oslé, David Amelang, Cory Reed, Carla Rahn Phillips, Javier Rubiera, Eduardo Olid, Ted Bergman, Ed George, Caroline Bishop, Alice Kuzniar, Ross Forman, Jorge Zamora, Antonio Ladeira, Juan Montero, and Zachary Brandner.

Thanks, lastly, to Kristen.