This book has sought to weave together a linear narrative while at the same time unraveling many of the complexities contained within such concepts as African nationalism and the local, national, or international interests in Zimbabwean history. A fundamental theme has been to examine how nationalist leaders channeled their personal and localized frustrations with the humiliations of white racism, economic and political discrimination, and residential segregation into political action. It would be a mistake to assume that such channeling of discontent should automatically lead to a coherent nationalist politics, and as this narrative has shown, it was not a linear or “natural” progression. It was instead a struggle that at a fundamental level had less to do with competing visions of the nation than with who would ultimately lead the nationalist movement. This book, especially the second half, has focused on the ways the acceptance of violence toward rivals as well as specific groups in society, such as socially mobile women and men, represented a sharp break from the democratic practices developed in the early period. To illustrate the unfolding of this trajectory, I have documented Charles Mzingeli's use of imperial working-class citizenship as his conception of democratic politics and how this continued with Reuben Jamela's commitment to defending the independence of the trade union movement from nationalist control. The narrative examined the SCYL and the SRANC in their bids to continue the populist rhetoric of Mzingeli while expanding it from its local urban roots into a nationalist movement.