The want of emigrants from other countries, and of an efficient labouring class among its population, are the great obstacles to the permament welfare of Northern Brazil. It never was the policy of Portugal to encourage emigration excepting from her own territory, and, although by the indomitable enterprise of her sons she secured to herself the finest empire in the world, yet, for want of other assistance, this empire is impoverished, and the millions of square miles that should now be teeming with wealth are entirely unproductive. With the nobler qualities of the old Portuguese, to which popular history has never done justice, was mingled a narrowness of mind that was natural enough in the subjects of an old and priest-ridden monarchy. The Brazilians have not entirely thrown off this prejudice of their ancestors, and still entertain somewhat of the old jealousy of foreigners, but, very naturally in a newly liberated government, they dislike the Portuguese above all others. Much of the wealth of the country is in the hands of the Portuguese, who, coming over when young with habits of shrewdness and economy, almost always accumulate fortunes. The Brazilians are no match for them in these qualities, and therefore hate them most cordially. For the same reason, this feeling is continually excited, although in a lesser degree, against other foreigners, but more in some parts of the empire than others, and probably as little in Para as anywhere.