Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Acknowledgments
- Note on spelling and terminology
- Glossary: abbreviations, acronyms and Indonesian terms
- Introduction
- 1 State gender ideologies and the women's movement
- 2 Education
- 3 Early marriage
- 4 Citizenship
- 5 Polygamy
- 6 Motherhood
- 7 Economic exploitation
- 8 Violence
- Conclusion
- References
- Index
8 - Violence
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 22 September 2009
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- Acknowledgments
- Note on spelling and terminology
- Glossary: abbreviations, acronyms and Indonesian terms
- Introduction
- 1 State gender ideologies and the women's movement
- 2 Education
- 3 Early marriage
- 4 Citizenship
- 5 Polygamy
- 6 Motherhood
- 7 Economic exploitation
- 8 Violence
- Conclusion
- References
- Index
Summary
Violence against women appeared as a prominent item on the agenda of the Indonesian women's movement only very late in the twentieth century. Earlier chapters have touched on aspects of sexual violence: domestic violence was related to marriage matters discussed in Chapters 2 and 5, and trafficking in women and sexual harassment (including the death of Marsinah) appeared in relation to work (Chapter 7). Yet these were regarded as important by very few organisations. The reasons are many, and most are not unique to Indonesia.
Firstly, there was no way of discussing violence against women in general terms until international institutions and conferences legitimised it. The watershed was the United Nations Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women of 1993. Article 1 of that declaration defined violence against women as ‘any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life’. Article 2 distinguished three kinds of violence perpetrated more particularly against women: violence occurring within thefamily, including wife-battering, sexual abuse of female children and rape within marriage; violence occurring within the general community, including rape, sexual harassment (at work, in educational institutions, in the street), and trafficking in women and forced prostitution; and violence perpetrated or condoned by the state, such as torture and military rape.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Women and the State in Modern Indonesia , pp. 194 - 219Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2004